• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.269-282
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• 2015

Civil structures should be designed with the lowest cost and longest lifetime possible and without service failure. The efficient and sustainable use of materials in building design and construction has always been at the forefront for civil engineers and environmentalists. Timber is one of the best contenders for these purposes particularly in terms of aesthetics; fire protection; strength-to-weight ratio; acoustic properties and seismic resistance. In recent years, timber has been used in commercial and taller buildings due to these significant advantages. It should be noted that, since the launch of the modern building standards and codes, a number of different structural systems have been developed to stabilise steel or concrete multistorey buildings, however, structural analysis of high-rise and multi-storey timber frame buildings subjected to lateral loads has not yet been fully understood. Additionally, timber degradation can occur as a result of biological decay of the elements and overloading that can result in structural damage. In such structures, the deficient members and joints require strengthening in order to satisfy new code requirements; determine acceptable level of safety; and avoid brittle failure following earthquake actions. This paper investigates performance assessment and damage assessment of older multi-storey timber buildings. One approach is to retrofit the beams in order to increase the ductility of the frame. Experimental studies indicate that Sprayed Fibre Reinforced Polymer (SFRP) repairing/retrofitting not only updates the integrity of the joint, but also increases its strength; stiffness; and ductility in such a way that the joint remains elastic. Non-linear finite element analysis ('pushover') is carried out to study the behaviour of the structure subjected to simulated gravity and lateral loads. A new global index is re-assessed for damage assessment of the plain and SFRP-retrofitted frames using capacity curves obtained from pushover analysis. This study shows that the proposed method is suitable for structural damage assessment of aged timber buildings. Also SFRP retrofitting can potentially improve the performance and load carrying capacity of the structure.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.239-246
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• 2019

According to the survey on the status of aged buildings in Korea, A number of concrete buildings deterioration such as houses and apartment buildings has been increased rapidly. To solve this problem, the research related to the facility management, that is one of the importance factor, for monitoring buildings has been increased. The research is divided into Survey-based and Technique-based. However, the problem is that Survey-based research is required a lot of time, money and manpower for management. Also, safety cannot be guaranteed in the case of high-rise buildings. Technique-based research has limitations to applying to the current facility maintenance system, as detailed information of deteriorated facilities is difficult to grasp and errors in accuracy are feared. Therefore, this paper contribute to improve the environment of facility management by 4D maps using UAV, camera and Pix4D mapper program to make 3D model. In addition, it is expected to suggest that residents will be offered easy verification to their buildings deterioration.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2021

This study was to solve the lift problem of the existing unit curtain wall type by using the vertical material mullion as a rail in curtain wall, which is recently used as an external finishing material for high-rise buildings. It has been shown that the application of the curtain wall mullion's rail can be quantified even at 20m/sec wind speed through the Mock-Up test. Based on the sites selected for comparison of construction methods, it was analyzed that the construction period could be shortened by 48 days, or about 20 percent. It was analyzed that the number of construction workers could be reduced by about 33 percent from the previous nine to six. Based on these results, assuming the installation of curtain wall units of 10,000㎡, it is judged that construction cost can be reduced by 80% or more.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.291-299
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• 2021

Recently, due to environmental problems caused by densification and high rise of urban areas, interests in air flow is increasing and appropriate shape and layout design of buildings is required. Therefore, in this study, we intend to propose an experimental method that can observe the air flow around a building using thermochromic pigment. Thermochromic pigments have limitations in observing precise temperature changes due to the characteristic that the color changes only with respect to a specific temperature, but they have the advantages of easy configuration of experimental equipment and short time required for experiments. In this study, the air flow tendencies around a building was examined by performing CFD analysis for a simple model and then compared with the thermochromic experiment results in order to review the usefulness of the proposed experimental method. As a result of the experiment, it was possible to observe the formation of separated flow and vortex region generated by buildings using the charateristics of thermochromic pigment and it was confirmed that the proposed method can be useful for buildings design and urban city planning.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

The research intended to understand the lateral behavior in core and offset outrigger system. To achieve this goal, a structural analysis and design of 70 stories building was carried out by making use of MIDAS-Gen. And the primary parameters of this analysis were the stiffness of outrigger and the location of outrigger in plan. On the basis of the analysis results, we analyzed the lateral behavior of structural elements such as slab, outrigger and exterior columns in core and offset outrigger. In this analysis research, it is indicated that the stiffness of outrigger and the outrigger location in plan had an any impact on lateral behavior in outrigger system of tall building. Specially, slab stresses in core outrigger system were highly distributed in the slab near the outrigger system to connect shear walls and exterior columns while slab stresses in offset outrigger system were highly distributed in the slab between the outrigger system and shear walls. Also the study results can be of significant help to obtaining the engineering data for the reasonable structure design of the high-rise outrigger system.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.347-362
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• 2022

Current vibration serviceability assessment criteria for wind-induced vibrations in tall buildings are based largely on human 'perception' thresholds which are shown not to be directly translatable to human 'acceptability' of vibrations. There is also a considerable debate about both the metrics and criteria for vibration acceptability, such as frequency of occurrence or peak vs mean vibration, and how these might vary with the nature of the vibration. Furthermore, the design criteria are necessarily simplified for ease of application so cannot account for a range of environmental, situational and human factors that may enhance or diminish the impact of vibrations on serviceability. The dual-site VSimulators facility was created specifically to provide an experimental platform to address gaps in understanding of human response to building vibration. This paper considers how VSimulators can be used to inform general design guidance and support design of specific buildings for habitability, in terms of vibration, which allow engineers and clients to make informed decisions with regard to sustainable design, in terms of energy and financial cost. This paper first provides a brief overview of current vibration serviceability assessment guidelines, and the current understanding and limitations of occupants' acceptability of wind-induced motion in tall buildings. It then describes how the dual-site VSimulators facility at the Universities of Bath and Exeter can be used to assess the effects of motion and environment on human comfort, wellbeing and productivity with examples of how the facility capabilities have been used to provide new, human experience based experimental research approaches.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.111-112
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• 2023

With the development of cities, the density of the population is continuously increasing as buildings become larger and more high-rise, but since the Haeundae residential complex fire in Busan in 2010, there has been a growing need to meet the fire protection performance of buildings as large-scale fires continue to occur every year. On the other hand, fire doors, which are one of the fire protection performance of buildings, have been judged unqualified in 82% of cases when fire doors constructed on the actual site were inspected after completion. The reason for this is that paper honeycomb and glasswool, which are used as core materials for fire doors, absorb moisture, reducing thermal insulation performance, and sagging due to increased weight, leading to performance degradation due to warping in empty spaces. To overcome these problems, research is underway to apply lightweight aerated concrete, an inorganic material, as a core material. Therefore, in order to select a blowing agent that produces stable bubbles prior to the production of lightweight bubble concrete for application as a fire door inner core, this study examined the physical performance according to the type of blowing agent and dilution concentration, and the following conclusions were drawn. Compared to vegetable bubbles and independent bubbles, synthetic bubbles have 3~8% higher thermal conductivity than independent bubbles, but 3~6% lower slurry density than vegetable bubbles, and 2~13% higher compressive strength, which is thought to be an improvement of synthetic bubbles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.155-156
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• 2023

In the case of steel door frames commonly found in general buildings, there are various assembly methods such as rivets, bolts, and welding, but the welding method is generally used. However, this welding joint method has many problems, such as distortion due to heat and damage due to external shock. In particular, when used as a fire door, problems may occur in the event of a fire due to distortion caused by heat from welding and the weak welded joint area. In the case of rivet or welded joints, when moved after assembly, joint loosening due to external shock may occur. Problems may arise where the bonding strength becomes weak. In addition, with the recent increase in high-rise buildings and larger buildings, when assembly is completed and brought to the site, a place is needed to store it, and in addition, there is a problem in that it has to be transported several times in small quantities to the installation site, which is another problem of time and cost loss. This is coming to the fore. In order to fundamentally solve this problem, we have researched and developed a non-welding door frame that can be assembled on site. We have researched and developed three assembly methods: screw-type, insert-type, and protrusion-type. Non-welded door frames are small in size and easy to package, making them advantageous for domestic and overseas exports.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2003

Wind-induced motions, like acceleration for instance, often influence designs for high-rise buildings. As a consequence, correct assessment of natural frequency becomes important. The empirical expressions used to quantify this parameter at the design phase tend to yield values that are significantly different from each other. This paper is concerned with the natural periods of steel buildings. It describes the vibration measurement methods that were employed for testing buildings. This paper will also present reliable methods of assessing the natural period from ambient vibration tests. Data from measurements on 21 buildings in Seoul were provided while 21 buildings were tested by ambient vibration measurements to obtain the natural periods. While regression formulas of natural periods for steel-frarried tall buildings were suggested,the obtained formula was compared with the empirical expressions of structural standards and the Eigen-value analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.85-91
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• 2002

인공위성을 이용한 위치결정시스템인 GPS(Global Positioning System)는 mm 단위의 정밀도로 정적, 동적 위치관측이 가능한 시스템으로 현재 여러 분야에서 활용이 증가하고 있다. 특히 교량, 댐 등 안전이 요구되는 사회기반 시설물의 동적 거동을 기록하고 감시하는데 있어서 GPS가 새로운 관측시스템으로 주목받고 있으며 이를 실용화하기 위한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 GPS를 이용하여 건물의 거동상태를 점검 하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 초고층건물의 거동을 해석하기 위하여 건물 옥상에 GPS, 가속도계, 풍향계, 풍속계를 설치하였다. GPS와 가속도계를 이용하여 건물의 변위 및 가속도를 5Hz로 관측하였다. GPS를 이용한 변위관측은 1시간, 1분, 1초 등의 간격으로 3차원 변위를 계산하였으며, 계산된 3차원 변위를 가속도계, 풍속계, 풍향계와 연계하여 해석하였다. 대상 건물에 대한 최대 변위를 관측한 결과 시공 단계에 따라 큰 차이를 보였으며 건물의 안정성을 평가할 수 있는 척도인 건물의 고유 진동수의 경우 약 0.2Hz의 값을 얻을 수 있었다. 향후 모든 센서들을 통합하여 실시간으로 건물을 모니터링할 수 있는 시스템을 개발할 경우 건물의 안정성 해석 및 유지보수에 본 연구가 큰 기여를 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.