• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.409-422
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• 2019

Sloshing is a phenomenon which may lead to dynamic stability and damages on the local structure of the tank. Hence, several anti-sloshing devices are introduced in order to reduce the impact pressure and free surface elevation of liquid. A fixed baffle is the most prevailing anti-sloshing mechanism compared to the other methods. However, the additional of the baffle as the internal structure of the LNG tank can lead to frequent damages in long-term usage as this structure absorbs the sloshing loads and thus increases the maintenance cost and downtime. In this paper, a novel type of floating baffle is proposed to suppress the sloshing effect in LNG tank without the need for reconstructing the tank. The sloshing phenomenon in a membrane type LNG tank model was excited under sway motion with 30% and 50% filling condition in the model test. A regular motion by a linear actuator was applied to the tank model at different amplitudes and constant period at 1.1 seconds. Three pressure sensors were installed on the tank wall to measure the impact pressure, and a high-speed camera was utilized to record the sloshing motion. The floater baffle was modeled on the basis of uniform-discretization of domain and tested based on parametric variations. Data of pressure sensors were collected for cases without- and with-floating baffle. The results indicated successful reduction of surface run-up and impulsive pressure by using a floating baffle. The findings are expected to bring significant impacts towards safer sea transportation of LNG.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.228-236
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• 2011

The ${\Delta}\;V_{10}$ or 10-Hz flicker index, as a common method of measurement of voltage flicker severity in power systems, requires a high computational cost and a large amount of memory. In this paper, for measuring the ${\Delta}\;V_{10}$ index, a new method based on the Adaline (adaptive linear neuron) system, the FFT (fast Fourier transform), and the PSO (particle swarm optimization) algorithm is proposed. In this method, for reducing the sampling frequency, calculations are carried out on the envelope of a power system voltage that contains a flicker component. Extracting the envelope of the voltage is implemented by the Adaline system. In addition, in order to increase the accuracy in computing the flicker components, the PSO algorithm is used for reducing the spectral leakage error in the FFT calculations. Therefore, the proposed method has a lower computational cost in FFT computation due to the use of a smaller sampling window. It also requires less memory since it uses the envelope of the power system voltage. Moreover, it shows more accuracy because the PSO algorithm is used in the determination of the flicker frequency and the corresponding amplitude. The sensitivity of the proposed method with respect to the main frequency drift is very low. The proposed algorithm is evaluated by simulations. The validity of the simulations is proven by the implementation of the algorithm with an ARM microcontroller-based digital system. Finally, its function is evaluated with real-time measurements.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2016

Ozone has been a problem in big cities. That is secondary air pollutant produced by nitrogen oxide and VOCs in the atmosphere. In order to solve this, the first to be the analysis of the $NO_x$ and VOCs. The main source of nitrogen oxide is the road mobile. Industrial sources in Seoul are particularly low, and mobile traffics on roads are large, so 45% of total $NO_x$ are estimated that road mobile emissions in Seoul. Thus, it is necessary to clarify the relation with the activity of road mobile source and $NO_x$ concentration. In this study, we analyzed the 4 locations with roadside automatic monitoring systems in their center. The V.K.T. calculating areas are set in circles with 50 meter spacing, 50 meter to 500 meter from their center. We assumed the total V.K.T. in the set radius affect the $NO_x$ concentration in the center. We used the hourly $NO_x$ concentrations data for the 4 observation points in July for the interference of the other sources are minimized. We used the intersection traffic survey data of all direction for construction of the V.K.T. data, the mobile activities on the roads. ArcGIS application was used for calculating the length of roads in the set radius. The V.K.T. data are multiplied by segment traffic volume and length of roads. As a result, the $NO_x$ concentration can be expressed as linear function formula for V.K.T. with high predictive power. Moreover we separated background concentration and concentrations due to road mobile source. These results can be used for forecasting the effect of traffic demand management plan.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2014

최근 산업 현장에서 유도 전동기의 사용이 증대되고 있으며, 유도 전동기는 산업 현장에서 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 따라서 유도 전동기의 결함으로 인한 피해를 최소화하기 위해 유도 전동기의 결함 검출 및 분류 시스템의 개발이 중요한 문제로 대두되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 유도전동기의 결함을 조기에 식별하기 위해 선형예측 코딩(LPC)기법과 Expectation Maximization(EM) 알고리즘을 이용하여 각각의 유도 전동기 고장의 스펙트럼 포락처리 모델을 추정한다. 앞서 두 기법을 사용하여 추정된 고장 유형 모델과 마할라노비스 거리(MD) 기법을 사용하여 유도전동기의 결합을 분류한다. 또한 제안된 알고리즘 성능을 평가하기 위해 기존에 제안된 진동 신호의 특징을 이용한 유도 전동기 결함 분류 알고리즘과 분류 정확도 측면에서 성능을 검증하였다. 실험 결과, 제안하는 알고리즘은 잡음이 없는 환경 및 잡음이 섞인 환경에서도 높은 분류 성능을 보였다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.372-378
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• 2009

태양광 발전시스템의 설치 용량이 증가함에 따라 시스템 효율을 개선하기 위한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 고성능 시스템의 설계 및 시험을 위해서는 태양전지의 모델링을 바탕으로 태양전지의 물리적 특성에 관해 정확히 이해하는 것이 중요하다. 그러나 태양전지의 모델은 다수의 파라미터가 얽힌 비선형 형태이며, 모델식의 파라미터 값을 얻기 위한 기존의 방식에서는 오차를 동반하는 실제와 다른 가정을 전제로 하므로 결과적으로 추출된 파라미터의 정확도가 저하되게 되는 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 제조사가 표준상태에서 측정하여 공개하는 태양전지의 I-V 커브로부터 다이오드의 이상계수와 역포화 전류를 구하고 이로부터 저항 성분이 없는 이상적인 태양전지의 I-V 커브를 도출한 뒤, 실측된 I-V 커브와 차이를 최소화하는 직·병렬 저항값을 추출하는 새로운 방식을 제안한다. 기존의 방식과 제안된 방식의 모델링을 통하여 얻은 파라미터를 이용해 구현한 I-V 커브와 실측 I-V 커브와의 상관관계를 최소자승법을 통해 계산함으로써 제안된 방법의 유용함을 증명하였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
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• pp.38-39
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• 2007

Recently, utility network is becoming more and more complicated and huge due to IT(Information Technology) and OA(Office Automation) devices. In addition to, demands of power conversion devices which have non-linear switching devices are getting more and more increased. Voltage sag from sudden increasing loads is also one of the major problems inside of the utility network. In order to compensate the voltage sag problem, power compensation devices systems could be a good solution method. In case of voltage sag, it needs an energy source to overcome the energy caused by voltage sag. Superconducting Magnet Energy Storage (SMES) is a very good promising source due to the high response time of charge and discharge. This paper presents a real-time simulation algorithm for the SMES by using Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). With this algorithm users can easily do the simulation of utility power network applied by SMES system with the SMES coil modeled in RTDS.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1185-1193
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• 1999

최적 스택 필터는 시그널 또는 영상의 임의의 특성 정보를 보존하고자 하는 요구조건에 의해 강제된 구조적 제약 하에서 최대의 잡음제거 효과를 얻을 수 있다. 그리고 임계치 분할 특성과 양의 부울 함수에 기반한 이진 영역에서의 처리 특성은 이 필터가 높은 병렬성을 갖고 있음을 보여준다. 본 논문에서는 두 개의 병렬 계산 모델 MCC(Mesh-Connected Computer)와 CCC(Cube-Connected Computer)에서 최적 스택 필터를 위한 1차원 병렬 알고리즘을 개발한다. 최적 스택 필터의 실행 시간은 주로 이진 median 연산에 의해 결정되고 본 논문에서 제안된 알고리즘은 선형 분리성에 의해 이 연산을 구현한다. 이를 바탕으로, M 레벨의 1-D 시그널의 길이가 L이고 윈도우 폭이 N이라고 가정할 때, 제안된 알고리즘은 {{{{root M times root M`` MCC에서 O(L sqrt{M}`) 시간에 그리고 M 개의 PE를 갖는 CCC에서 O(L log M)시간에 수행될 수 있다. 또한 잡음을 더욱 효과적으로 제거하기 위해 윈도우 폭 N을 증가시킬 때, 제안된 병렬 알고리즘의 계산 시간은 일정하게 유지됨을 보인다.Abstract An optimal stack filter achieves the maximum noise attenuation under the structural constraints imposed by the requirement of preserving certain signal or image features. And the filter provides a high parallelism due to the principles of threshold decomposition and binary processing based on positive Boolean functions(PBFs). In this paper, we develop an one-dimensional parallel algorithm for the optimal stack filter on two parallel computation models, MCC(Mesh-Connected Computer) and CCC(Cube-Connected Computer). The running time of the optimal stack filter depends mainly on the binary median operation and our algorithm realizes this operation by the linear separability. Based on this scheme, our parallel algorithm can be performed in {{{{O(L sqrt{M}`) MCC and inO(L log M) time on CCC with M PEs, when the length of M``-valued 1-D signal is L`` and window width is N`` Also, we show that the computation time of our parallel algorithm keeps constant when the window width N increases in order to achieve the best noise attenuation.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제31권5_6호
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• pp.288-296
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• 2004

본 논문은 미분오차 척도를 이용하여 메쉬를 간략화 하는 새로울 알고리즘을 제안한다. 많은 간략화 알고리즘은 거리 오차 척도를 이용하였으나, 거리 오차 척도는 높은 곡률을 갖는 동시에 작은 거리오차를 갖는 지역에 대해서는 메쉬 간략화를 위한 정확한 기하학적 오차 측정이 어렵다. 본 논문은 간략화를 위해 새로운 오차 척도인 미분 오차 척도를 제안한다. 미분 오차 척도란 거리 오차 척도와 거리 오차의 1차 미분인 탄젠트 오차 척도, 그리고 거리 오차의 2차 미분인 곡률 오차 척도를 합하여 정의된 오차척도로서, 모델의 특징 부분의 형상을 최대한으로 보존 가능하다. 메쉬는 이산 표면이지만 알지 못하는 부드러운 표면의 불연속선형 근사로 표현될 수 있고, 이산 표면은 미분이 추정 가능하므로 미분 오차 척도라는 새로운 개념을 도입할 수 있다. 본 간략화 알고리즘은 반복적인 모서리 축약(Edge Collapse)에 바탕을 두고 있고, 미분 오차 척도를 이용하여 기하학적으로 원래의 형상이 잘 유지되는 새로운 점의 위치를 찾을 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존 방법보다 더 작은 기하학적인 오차와 높은 품질의 간략화 된 모델의 예를 보여준다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.549-563
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• 2010

The environmental behaviors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are mainly governed by their solubility and partitioning properties on soil media in a subsurface system. In surfactant-enhanced remediation (SER) systems, surfactant plays a critical role in remediation. In this study, sorptive behaviors and partitioning of naphthalene in soils in the presence of surfactants were investigated. Silica and kaolin with low organic carbon contents and a natural soil with relatively higher organic carbon content were used as model sorbents. A nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100, was used to enhance dissolution of naphthalene. Sorption kinetics of naphthalene onto silica, kaolin and natural soil were investigated and analyzed using several kinetic models. The two compartment first-order kinetic model (TCFOKM) was fitted better than the other models. From the results of TCFOKM, the fast sorption coefficient of naphthalene ($k_1$) was in the order of silica > kaolin > natural soil, whereas the slow sorbing fraction ($k_2$) was in the reverse order. Sorption isotherms of naphthalene were linear with organic carbon content ($f_{oc}$) in soils, while those of Triton X-100 were nonlinear and correlated with CEC and BET surface area. Sorption of Triton X-100 was higher than that of naphthalene in all soils. The effectiveness of a SER system depends on the distribution coefficient ($K_D$) of naphthalene between mobile and immobile phases. In surfactant-sorbed soils, naphthalene was adsorbed onto the soil surface and also partitioned onto the sorbed surfactant. The partition coefficient ($K_D$) of naphthalene increased with surfactant concentration. However, the $K_D$ decreased as the surfactant concentration increased above CMC in all soils. This indicates that naphthalene was partitioned competitively onto both sorbed surfactants (immobile phase) and micelles (mobile phase). For the mineral soils such as silica and kaolin, naphthalene removal by mobile phase would be better than that by immobile phase because the distribution of naphthalene onto the micelles ($K_{mic}$) increased with the nonionic surfactant concentration (Triton X-100). For the natural soil with relatively higher organic carbon content, however, the naphthalene removal by immobile phase would be better than that by mobile phase, because a high amount of Triton X-100 could be sorbed onto the natural soil and the sorbed surfactant also could sorb the relatively higher amount of naphthalene.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.126-137
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• 2016

Purpose: The overall objective of this study was to evaluate the vegetation fraction of soybeans, grown under different cropping conditions using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a red, green, and blue (RGB) camera. Methods: Test plots were prepared based on different cropping treatments, i.e., soybean single-cropping, with and without herbicide application and soybean and barley-cover cropping, with and without herbicide application. The UAV flights were manually controlled using a remote flight controller on the ground, with 2.4 GHz radio frequency communication. For image pre-processing, the acquired images were pre-treated and georeferenced using a fisheye distortion removal function, and ground control points were collected using Google Maps. Tarpaulin panels of different colors were used to calibrate the multi-temporal images by converting the RGB digital number values into the RGB reflectance spectrum, utilizing a linear regression method. Excess Green (ExG) vegetation indices for each of the test plots were compared with the M-statistic method in order to quantitatively evaluate the greenness of soybean fields under different cropping systems. Results: The reflectance calibration methods used in the study showed high coefficients of determination, ranging from 0.8 to 0.9, indicating the feasibility of a linear regression fitting method for monitoring multi-temporal RGB images of soybean fields. As expected, the ExG vegetation indices changed according to different soybean growth stages, showing clear differences among the test plots with different cropping treatments in the early season of < 60 days after sowing (DAS). With the M-statistic method, the test plots under different treatments could be discriminated in the early seasons of <41 DAS, showing a value of M > 1. Conclusion: Therefore, multi-temporal images obtained with an UAV and a RGB camera could be applied for quantifying overall vegetation fractions and crop growth status, and this information could contribute to determine proper treatments for the vegetation fraction.