• Title/Summary/Keyword: High-level synthesis

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High Glucose Inhibitory Effects on Bone Formation in UMR106 Cells

  • Kwon, Eun-Hee;Jung, In-Ok;Kim, Sung-Jin
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.81-84
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    • 2003
  • Recently, diabetes has been found to be associated with osteoporosis. Specially in IDDM. In both type I and type II diabetes, glucose levels are elevated. Thus, a linkage between high glucose and osteoporosis can not be ruled out. In this study, an attempt has been made to observe the effect of high glucose on bone formation; osteoblast like UMR 106 cells were treated with high glucose (22 mM, 33 mM) for 1, 3 or 7 days. The high concentration of glucose inhibited markers. of bone formation activity such as alkaline phosphatase and collagen synthesis. In addition, reduction in the level of total cellular protein in response to high glucose was also observed. This study showed high glucose concentration could alter the bone metabolism leading to a defective bone formation and thus paving the linkage of such situation to diabetic complications.

Effect of Levels of Sodium DL-malate Supplementation on Ruminal Fermentation Efficiency of Concentrates Containing High Levels of Cassava Chip in Dairy Steers

  • Khampa, S.;Wanapat, Metha;Wachirapakorn, C.;Nontaso, N.;Wattiaux, M.A.;Rowlison, P.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.368-375
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    • 2006
  • Four rumen-fistulated dairy steers were randomly assigned according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to investigate effects of supplementation levels of sodium dl-malate in concentrates on rumen ecology, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen balance, feed intake and digestibility of nutrients and ruminal microbial protein synthesis. The dietary treatments were cassava concentrate-based, containing sodium dl-malate supplementation at 0, 9, 18 and 27 g/hd/d with urea-treated rice straw (UTS) fed ad libitum. The experiment was conducted for four periods, each period lasting 21 days. Ruminal pH increased with incremental addition of malate (p<0.05). Additionally, molar proportions of propionate were higher in supplemented groups and was highest at 18 g/hd/d of malate supplement (p<0.05). Microbial protein synthesis tended to be higher in dairy steers receiving sodium dl-malate supplements and also was the highest at 18 g/hd/d. Variable bacterial populations, such as amylolytic, proteolytic and cellulolytic species were increased (p<0.05). Furthermore, protozoal populations were decreased significantly (p<0.05), while fungal zoospores were dramatically increased in dairy steers receiving sodium dl-malate supplement (p<0.05). These results suggested that supplementation of concentrate containing a high level of cassava chip at 18 g/hd/d with UTS in dairy steers could improve rumen fermentation efficiency and rumen microbial protein synthesis.

An Efficient Low-Power Binding Algorithm in High-Level Synthesis (저전력 소모를 위한 상위 수준의 효과적인 바인딩 알고리즘)

  • 최윤서;김태환
    • Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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    • 2002.04a
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    • pp.19-21
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    • 2002
  • 우리는 저전력 소모를 위한 상위 수준(high-level)에서의 효과적인 바인딩(binding) 알고리즘을 제안한다. 이전 연구들에 의해서 저전력 소모를 위한 몇몇의 바인딩 알고리즘들은 멀티-코모도티 플로우(multi-commodity flow) 문제로 모델링 될 수 있음이 밝혀졌다. 그러나 멀티-코모도티 플로우 문제는 NP-hard이기 때문에 진은 크기의 설계에만 적용될 수 있다. 이러한 제약을 극복하기 위해 우리는 네트워크 상의 플로우를 잘 이용해서 효과적으로 빠른 시간 안에 최적에 가까운 결과를 낼 수 있는 방법을 제안하여 크기가 큰 설계에도 적용할 수 있도록 한다. 이를 위해 우리는 첫번째 단계에서는 네트워크에서 최소 비용의 최대 플로우 (maximum f1ow -minimum cost)를 구하는 방법을 부분적으로 이용해서 유효한 결과를 구하고 두 번째 단계에서는 이를 반복적으로 개선시켜나가는 2 단계의 알고리즘을 제안한다. 벤치마크를 이용한 실험 결과는 제안된 알고리즘이 실제적인 설계에 적용되었을때, 충분히 빠른 시간 안에 최적에 가까운 결과를 생성함을 보여준다.

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A Datapath Scheduling Under Resource Constraints (자원제약조건 하에서의 데이터패스 스케듈링)

  • 이근만;임인칠
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.424-432
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    • 1992
  • This paper deals with the scheduling ploblems, which are the most important subtasks in High-level syntheses. IP(integer programming) formulations is used as the scheduling problem approach. This paper describes a new resource-constraints scheduling algorithm. We have concentrated our attentions on the multicycle operations and the structural pipelining, and we fully analyze the characteristics of operators to achieve the maximal performance and the maximal resource sharing. For experiment results, we choose the 5-th order digital wave filter as a benchmark and do the schedule, Finally, we can obtain near-optimal scheduling results.

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A Low Poorer Resource Allocation Algorithm Based on Minimizing Switching Activity (스위칭 동작 최소화를 통한 저 전력 자원할당 알고리즘)

  • 신무경;인치호;김희석
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 2001.06b
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    • pp.121-124
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    • 2001
  • This paper proposed resource allocation algorithm for the minimum switching activity of functional unit in high level synthesis process as like DSP which is circuit to give many functional unit. The resource allocation method after scheduling use the power function calculating average hamming distance and switching activity of the between two input. First of all, the switching activity is calculated by the input value after calculating the average hamming distance between operation. In this paper, the proposed method though high If level simulation find switching activity in circuit each functional unit exchange for binary sequence length and value bit are logic one value. To use the switching activity find the allocation with minimal power consumption, the proposed method visits all control steps one by one and determines the allocation with minimal power consumption at each control step. As the existing method, the execution time can be fast according to use the number of operator and max control step. And it is the reduction effect from 6% to 8%.

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Synthesis of Zeolite from Sewage Sludge Incinerator Fly Ash by Hydrothermal Reaction in Open System (Open System 수열반응을 통한 하수슬러지 소각 비산재의 Zeolite 합성가능성)

  • Lee, Je-Seung;Eom, Seok-Won;Choi, Han-Young
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.317-324
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    • 2007
  • The sewage treatment sludge disposal has become a serious environmental problem because of restricted direct land-filling and oceandumping in spite of their large amounts discharged. So the recycling of sewage treatment sludge is very useful alternative for waste management. Here, we studied the feasibility of zeolite synthesis in open system from the sewage treatment sludge incinerator fly ash by means of hydrothermal synthesis. We considered the concentration of NaOH, reaction time, reaction temperature and reaction step as synthesis variables. The phase of zeolite products was identified by X-ray diffractometer(XRD) and ammonium ion exchange test was performed for the raw fly ash and two zeolite products(Z-3 and Z-5). In leaching test of the raw fly ash, hazard metal is detected very low level compared with regulatory leaching test standard. But in total recoverable test, the total contents of the fly ash were very high in terms of the standard for waste-derived fertilizer. Through hydrothermal reaction, small amount of zeolite P was synthesied in 1 N of NaOH solution and relatively large amount of hydroxysodalite was synthesied in 3 N and 5 N of NaOH solution with similar peak intensity. Addition of an aging step in the synthesis didn't increase the amount of zeolite phase. Maximum $NE_4^+-N$ exchange capacity is 1.49 mg $NH_4^+-N/g$ in Z-3 and 1.38 mg $NH_4^+-N/g$ in Z-5. Most of the ammonium ion is exchanged in 30 minutes and disorption did not occur until 5 hours.

Testicular fat deposition attenuates reproductive performance via decreased follicle-stimulating hormone level and sperm meiosis and testosterone synthesis in mouse

  • Miao Du;Shikun Chen;Yang Chen;Xinxu Yuan;Huansheng Dong
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.50-60
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    • 2024
  • Objective: Testicular fat deposition has been reported to affect animal reproduction. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. The present study explored whether sperm meiosis and testosterone synthesis contribute to mouse testicular fat deposition-induced reproductive performance. Methods: High fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity CD1 mice (DIO) were used as a testicular fat deposition model. The serum hormone test was performed by agent kit. The quality of sperm was assessed using a Sperm Class Analyzer. Testicular tissue morphology was analyzed by histochemical methods. The expression of spermatocyte marker molecules was monitored by an immuno-fluorescence microscope during meiosis. Analysis of the synthesis of testosterone was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and reagent kit. Results: It was found that there was a significant increase in body weight among DIO mice, however, the food intake showed no difference compared to control mice fed a normal diet (CTR). The number of offspring in DIO mice decreased, but there was no significant difference from the CTR group. The levels of follicle-stimulating hormone were lower in DIO mice and their luteinizing hormone levels were similar. The results showed a remarkable decrease in sperm density and motility among DIO mice. We also found that fat accumulation affected the meiosis process, mainly reflected in the cross-exchange of homologous chromosomes. In addition, overweight increased fat deposition in the testis and reduced the expression of testosterone synthesis-related enzymes, thereby affecting the synthesis and secretion of testosterone by testicular Leydig cells. Conclusion: Fat accumulation in the testes causes testicular cell dysfunction, which affects testosterone hormone synthesis and ultimately affects sperm formation.

Analysis of Voice Color Similarity for the development of HMM Based Emotional Text to Speech Synthesis (HMM 기반 감정 음성 합성기 개발을 위한 감정 음성 데이터의 음색 유사도 분석)

  • Min, So-Yeon;Na, Deok-Su
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.15 no.9
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    • pp.5763-5768
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    • 2014
  • Maintaining a voice color is important when compounding both the normal voice because an emotion is not expressed with various emotional voices in a single synthesizer. When a synthesizer is developed using the recording data of too many expressed emotions, a voice color cannot be maintained and each synthetic speech is can be heard like the voice of different speakers. In this paper, the speech data was recorded and the change in the voice color was analyzed to develop an emotional HMM-based speech synthesizer. To realize a speech synthesizer, a voice was recorded, and a database was built. On the other hand, a recording process is very important, particularly when realizing an emotional speech synthesizer. Monitoring is needed because it is quite difficult to define emotion and maintain a particular level. In the realized synthesizer, a normal voice and three emotional voice (Happiness, Sadness, Anger) were used, and each emotional voice consists of two levels, High/Low. To analyze the voice color of the normal voice and emotional voice, the average spectrum, which was the measured accumulated spectrum of vowels, was used and the F1(first formant) calculated by the average spectrum was compared. The voice similarity of Low-level emotional data was higher than High-level emotional data, and the proposed method can be monitored by the change in voice similarity.

New candidate for skin depigmentation: The inhibitory effect and cytotoxicity of small molecule compounds at in vitro cell culture

  • Rho, H.S;Kim, K.J.;Hwang, J.S.;H.J., Shin;Chang, H.K.;Chang, I.S.;Lee, O.S.
    • Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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    • 2003.09b
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    • pp.174-183
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    • 2003
  • To obtain effective and safe topical depigmenting agents, we synthesized hydroxybenzoates, alkoxybenzoates, and 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate containing a thymol moiety and screened then for high-level inhibitory activity against melanin synthesis. Among them, 5-methyl-2-(methylethyl)phenyl (2Ε)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (Melasolv)$^{TM}$ 4h, showed the most potent depigmenting effect ($IC_{50}$/ = 10$\mu$M) with low cytotoxicity ($IC_{50}$/ = 200$\mu$M). To find the inhibition mechanism of our candidate, various in vitro tests were performed such as DPPH assay, tyrosinase activity in mushroom or in culture cell and expression of tyrosinase, TRP-l and TRP-2. The result of this study suggested that 4h inhibited melanin synthesis by reducing the expression of tyrosinase and TRP-l at the transcriptional level in melan-a melanocytes.s.

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Minimization of Crosstalk by Optimum Synthesis of Profiles of Multiple Coupled Data Transmission Lines on Microstrip (다중결합된 마이크로스트립 데이터 전송로 자태의 최적합성을 통한 누화 최소화)

  • 박의준
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
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    • v.35D no.12
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 1998
  • A line profile synthesis method is presented that minimizes the nearest-neighbor crosstalk peak level for high-speed pulse transmission in multi-coupled microstrip signal buses. We adopted the optimization technique for the reflected wave control on bus lines resulting in increasing the average spacing between strip conductors, since in a parallel-conductor bus the crosstalk energy is concentrated at the nearest neighbors of the driven line. The generalized S-matrix technique is applied for the input and output waveform prediction, and crosstalk characteristics of various nonuniform lines synthesized for increasing the average spacing are analyzed by comparing each other. Simulation results demonstrate that the Chebyshev taper with dips is adequate to significantly minimize the crosstalk peak level under the satisfactory waveform integrity since the profile is oriented to evenly reflect significant pulse spectra within the frequency range of pulse.

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