• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.300-310
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• 1999

A constant-volume combustion chamber is developed to measure the burnt gas temperature over the wide ranges of equivalence ratio from 1.5 to 2.7 and pressure from 0.1 to 2.7 and pressure from 0.1 to 6 MPa by two-color method. The combustion temperature is also calculated by the conventional two-region model. The premixed fuel rich propane-oxygen-inert gas mixtures under high pressures are simultaneously ignited by eight spark plugs located on the circumference of combustion chamber with 45 degree intervals. The eight converging flames compress the end gases to high pressures. The transmissiv-ity in the chamber center during the final stage of combustion at the highest pressure is measured by in situ laser extinction method. Comparisons are made with the combustion temperatures between two-color method and two-region model. It is found that the burnt gas temperature mea-sured by two-color method is higher than that calculated by two-region model because of being the negative temperature gradient on the calculation and the temperature distribution of light path-length on the measurement and the burnt gas temperature for the turbulent combustion is higher than that of the laminar combustion under the same conditions because the heat loss for turbulent combustion is lower due to the shorter combustion period.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2001

The soot yield has been studied by a premixed propane-oxygen-inert gas combustion in a specially designed disk-type constant-volume combustion chamber to investigate the effects of pressure, temperature and turbulence on soot formation. Premixtures are simultaneously ignited by eight spark plugs located on the circumference of chamber at 45 degree intervals in order to observe the soot formation under high pressures. The eight flames converged compress the end gases to a high pressure. The laser schlieren and direct flame photographs for observation field with 10 mm in diameter are taken to examine into the behaviors of flame front and gas flow in laminar and turbulent combustion. The soot volume fraction in the chamber center during the final stage of combustion at the highest pressure is measured by the in situ laser extinction technique and simultaneously the corresponding burnt gas temperature by the two-color pyrometry method. The pressure and temperature during soot formation are changed by varying the initial charge pressure and the volume fraction of inert gas compositions, respectively. It is found that the soot yield increases with dropping temperature and rising pressure at constant equivalence ratio, and that the soot yield of turbulent combustion decreases in comparison with that of laminar combustion because the burnt gas temperature increases with the drop of heat loss.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.42-53
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• 1999

Two dimensional flame temperature and KL value distribution from the luminous flame containing soot in a DI diesel engine were measured by the tow-color method using tow different wavelengths of the flame image. The combustion chamber of a DI diesel engine was visualized by elongating the piston and cylinder and the flame in the combustion chamber was photographed on a nega-color film using a high speed camera. In this study, color CCD camera was used to digitize the three color density of the film exposed to the flame and standard lamp . The accuracy of the measuring method depends on the calibration line of film made from a high temperature standard tungsten lamp. The formation and oxidization of soot in the diesel engine were studied by observing measured time history of KL factor and flame temperature . Also , effects of various shapes of combustion chamber and fuel injection on flame temperature. Also, effects of various shapes of combustion chamber and fuel injection on flame temperature and KL value distribution were examined.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.395-402
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• 2007

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) shows great potential for low $NO_x$ emission but is hampered by the problem of no direct method to control the combustion process. Therefore, HCCI combustion becomes unstable easily, especially at lower and higher engine load. This paper presents a method to achieve diesel-fueled HCCI combustion, which involves directly injecting diesel fuel into the cylinder before the piston arrives at top dead center in the exhaust stroke and adjusting the valve overlap duration to trap more high temperature residual gas in the cylinder. The combustion stability of diesel-fueled HCCI combustion and the effects of engine load, speed, and valve overlap on it are the main points of investigation. The results show that: diesel-fueled HCCI combustion has two-stage heat release rate (low temperature and high temperature heat release) and very low $NO_x$ emission, combustion stability of the HCCI engine is worse at lower load because of misfire and at higher load because of knock, the increase in engine speed aids combustion stability at lower load because the heat loss is reduced, and increasing negative valve overlap can increase in-cylinder temperature which aids combustion stability at lower load but harms it at higher load.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• 제7권8호
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• pp.43-54
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• 1999

The effects of equivalence ratio and pressure on burnt gas temperature in premixed fuel rich propane-oxygen-inert gas combustion are investigated over the wide ranges of equivalence ration from 1.5 to 2.7 and pressure from 0.1 to 7 MPa by using a specially designed disk -type constant-voume combustion chamber, The premixtures are simultaneously ignited by eight spark plugs located on the circumference of combustion chamber with 45 degree interals. The eight converging flames compress the end gases to high pressures. The burnt gas temperature is meausured by the nmodifie dtow-colr pyrometry method. The transmissivity in the chamber center during the final stage of combustion at the hightest pressure is meausred by in situ laser extinction method. It is found that a temperature difference between the burnt gas temperature measured by mofidied and conventrational two-color method is 10 to 20 K, but the accuracy of the modified two-color methdo is higher if the local transmissivity in observed region is uniform , and the combustion at higher pressures results gas density conditions and the burnt gas temperature increases as the volume fraction of argon is increased because the specific heat of argon is lower compared to that of nitrogen with a constant equivalence ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2003

In the production of internal combustion engines, there has been a move towards the development of high performance engines with improved fuel efficiency, lighter weight and smaller sizes. These trends help to answer problems in engines related to thermal load and abnormal combustion. In order to investigate these problems, a thin film-type probe for instantaneously measuring temperatures has been suggested. A method for manufacturing such a probe was established in this study. The instantaneous surface temperature of a constant volume combustion chamber was measured by this probe and the heat flux was obtained through Fourier analysis. In order to thoroughly understand the characteristics of combustion, the authors measured the wall temperature of the combustion chamber and computed heat flux through a cylinder wall while varying the protrusion height of the probe. For achieving the above goals, a instantaneous temperature probe was developed, thereby making possible the analysis of the instantaneous temperature of wall surface and the detection of unsteady heat flux in the constant volume combustion chamber.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.259-264
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• 2009

Most of the fossil power plants firing lower grade coals are challenged with maintaining good combustion conditions while maximizing generation and minimizing emissions. In many cases significant derate, availability losses and increase in unburned carbon levels can be attributed to poor combustion conditions as a result of poorly controlled local fuel and air distribution within the boiler furnace. The poor combustion conditions are directly related to the gas flow deviation in upper furnace and convection tube-bank but a less reported issue related to in large-scale oppose wall fired boilers. In order to develop a on-line combustion monitoring system and suggest an alternative heat flux estimation method at tube bank, which is very useful information for boiler design tool and blower optimizing system, field test was conducted at operating power boiler. During the field test the exhaust gases' temperature and tube metal temperature were monitored by using a spatially distributed sensors grid which located in the boiler's high temperature vestibule region. At these locations. the flue gas flow is still significantly stratified, and air in-leakage is minimal which enables tracing of poor combustion zones to specific burners and over-fire air ports. Test results showed that the flue gas monitoring method is more proper than metal temperature distribution monitoring for real time combustion monitoring because tube metal temp. distribution monitoring method is related to so many variables such as flue gas, internal flow unbalance, spray etc., Heat flux estimation at the tube bank with flue gas temp. and metal temp. data can be alternative method when tube drilling type sensor can't able to use.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.889-898
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• 2003

The soot yield is studied by a premixed propane-oxygen-inert gas combustion in a specially designed disk-type constant-volume combustion chamber to investigate the effect of turbulence on soot formation. Premixtures are simultaneously ignited by eight spark plugs located on the circumference of chamber at 45 degree intervals in order to observe the soot formation under high pressures and high temperatures. The eight flames converged compress the end gases to a high pressure. The laser schlieren and direct flame photographs for observation field with 10 mm in diameter are taken to examine into the behaviors of flame front and gas flow in laminar and turbulent combustion. The soot volume fraction in the chamber center during the final stage of combustion at the highest pressure is measured by the in situ laser extinction technique and simultaneously the corresponding burnt gas temperature by the two-color pyrometry method. It is found that the soot yield of turbulent combustion decreases in comparison with that of laminar combustion because the burnt gas temperature increases with the drop of heat loss.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.391-397
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• 2006

The soot yield has been studied by a premixed propane-oxygen-inert gas combustion in a specially designed disk-type constant-volume combustion chamber to investigate the effect of pressure, temperature and turbulence on soot formation. Premixtures are simultaneously ignited by eight spark plugs located on the circumference of chamber at 45 degrees intervals in order to observe the soot formation under high temperature and high pressure. The eight converged flames compress the end gases to a high pressure. The laser schlieren and direct flame photographs with observation area of 10 mm in diameter are taken to examine the behaviors of flame front and gas flow in laminar and turbulent combustion. The soot volume fraction in the chamber center during the final stage of combustion at the highest pressure is measured by the in-situ laser extinction technique and simultaneously the corresponding burnt gas temperature by the two-color pyrometry method. The changes of pressure and temperature during soot formation are controlled by varying the initial charging pressure and the volume fraction of inert gas compositions, respectively. It is found that the soot yield increases with dropping the temperature and raising the pressure at a constant equivalence ratio, and the soot yield in turbulent combustion decreases as compared with that in laminar combustion because the burnt gas temperature increases with the drop of heat loss for laminar combustion.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.395-402
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• 2001

The gasoline engine tends to high performance, fuel economy, small-sized. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the problems on thermal load, abnormal combustion, etc, in the engine, Thine film instantaneous temperature measurement probe was made. And the manufactural method of probe was established. The instantaneous surface temperatures in the constant volume combustion chamber were measured by this probe and the heat flux was obtained by Fourier analysis. The authors measured the wall temperature of combustion chamber and computed the heat flux through the cylinder wall in order to understand the combustion characteristics depending on height of probe. For achieving this goal, the thin film instantaneous temperature probe was developed for analyzing the instantaneous surface wall temperature and unsteady heat flux on the constant volume combustion chamber.