• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2009

The production of advanced high strength steels requires the improvement of cooling technology. The use of high cooling rates allows relatively low levels of expensive alloying additions to ensure sufficient hardenability. In classical annealing and hot-dip galvanizing lines a mixing station is used to provide atmosphere gas containing 3-5% hydrogen and 97-95% nitrogen in the various sections of the furnace, including the rapid cooling section. Heat exchange enhancement in this cooling section can be insured by the increased hydrogen concentration. Drever International developed a patented improvement of cooling technology based on the following features: pure hydrogen gas is injected only in the rapid cooling section whereas the different sections of the furnace are supplied with pure nitrogen gas; the control of flows through atmosphere gas management allows to get high hydrogen concentration in cooling section and low hydrogen content in the other furnace zones. This cooling technology development insures higher cooling rates without additional expensive hydrogen gas consumption and without the use of complex sealing equipments between zones. In addition reduction in electrical energy consumption is obtained. This atmosphere control development can be combined with geometrical design improvements in order to get optimised cooling technology providing high cooling rates as well as reduced strip vibration amplitudes. Extensive validation of theoretical research has been conducted on industrial lines. New lines as well as existing lines, with limited modifications, can be equipped with this new development. Up to now this technology has successfully been implemented on 6 existing and 7 new lines in Europe and Asia.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2013

냉간압연 및 소둔공정에서의 조질압연 과정은 강종별로 적정 연신율을 부여함으로서 프레스 가공시 항복점 연신 현상을 제거해주는 중요한 공정이다. 적정 연신율 확보를 위해서는 강종별, 사이즈별 정확한 압연하중 예측이 필수이다. 열간 및 냉간압연과는 달리 조질압연에서는 2%이내의 연신율을 부과하는 공정이므로 압연하중 작용 시 롤 바이트 내 에서의 롤의 탄성변형 거동이 복잡하여 정확한 압연하중을 예측하기가 어려워 예측모델이 정립되어 있지 않다. 그럼에도 불구하고 최근 인장강도 590MPa 급 이상의 자동차용 고강도강 개발이 가속화 됨에 따라 조질압연시 정확한 압연하중의 예측은 더욱더 중요하게 되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 조질 압연 시 롤 바이트 내에서 롤의 변형거동이 유사하다고 알려져 있는 호일(foil)압연 이론 식을 이용해 조질 압연 시 전체 생산 강종을 대상으로 압연하중 예측 가능성에 대해 검토하였다. 그 결과 인장강도 350MPa 이상 980MPa 이하의 강종에 대해서는 non circular model 이 circular 모델보다 압연하중 예측 정도가 우수하며, 이 영역에서 압연하중 예측 모델로의 적용이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.857-863
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 승객의 안전성을 확보하기 위하여 상부 고강도강 SABC1470, 하부 냉간 압연강 SPFH590과 SPFC980으로 경량화를 위하여 레이저 TWB 용접하였다. TWB 이종재료 시험편은 열처리에 의하여 SABC1470 재료에 고강도화 하였다. 수냉까지 대기 시간에 따르는 인장강도와 센터필라와 같은 부정 조건에 의한 고속 굽힘의 변형 거동을 평가하였다. 동일 온도에서 열처리 된 TWB 시험편은 수냉까지 대기 시간에 따라서 인장강도와 굽힘강도가 감소하였다. $850^{\circ}C$에서 열처리한 SABC1470 + SPFH590 TWB 시험편은 추돌에 의해 차체 파손시 파괴거동을 유도하여 승객을 보호할 수 있는 적절한 조건이었다. 사고에 의한 승객의 안전을 고려하면, 센터필라는 상부재로서 SABC1470, 하부재료로 SPFH590을 사용하는 것이 안전하다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.481-486
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• 1999

According to results of this research Fly-ash Cement permanent-form production was found to be possible by fly-ash mortal. The compress strength 350kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$, banding strength 120kg/$\textrm{cm}^2$ were possible material separting and bleeding by excessive W/C rate was decreased permanent-form made by polymer solved high price of polymer by fly-ash. Model material was made by result of first research. There were no minute-crack on beam form and out surface of form was very smooth, So filling degree seemed desirable length of form after steaming curing was maintained as expected. with these results production of form seemed possible. In the banding load test, fly-ash showed increase of maxim load 12% than RC. in the case of minute-crack, comparing with RC, fly-ash showed no crack at connect. at the first stage under continuing loading size of crack increased. These phenomena seemed to be based on contribution of stress of inner bars in permanent-form. in the test of defection, fly-ash shower about 10% beam load increase than RC. in the case of beam defection, RC showed sudden decrease of tolerance at maxim load and total breaking, but permanent-form showed breaking of bending maintaining defection with contribution of steel stress ($\Phi$6 wire-mash). There phenomenic seemed to be attributed to increase of surface and steel tolerance of form. According to construction explacemaion, it was guessed that each panel was constructed by conner-steels in form edge. so cohesiveness was small. on these bases. keeping width of horizontal band 30cm, form-panel of 20mm width was found to be of use. Permanent-form was found to be efficient in compressibleness, defection, safety and use of Fly-ash mortal.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2014

FCAW(Flux Cored Arc Welding), SAW(Submerged Arc Welding), EGW(Electro Gas Welding), and three-pole SAW are applicable in manufacturing the offshore wind tower. In this paper, mechanical properties of these welded-joints for TMCP steels were evaluated in all above welding processes. The tensile strength of welded-joints for all the welding methods satisfied the standard guideline (KS D 3515). No cracking on weldment was found after the bending test. Changes of weldedments hardness with welding processes were observed. In a weld HAZ (heat-affected zone), a softened HAZ-zone was formed with high heat input welding processes (SAW and EGW). However, the welded-joint fractures were found in the base metal for all cases and small decrease in welded-joint strength was caused by a softened zone. The multi-pole SAW welds exhibited similar mechanical properties comparing to the one with one-pole SAW process.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2002

최근에 FRP보강 그라우팅 공법이라 불리는 보강공법이 터널 및 절취사면의 지반보갓 분야에 도입되어 적용이 확대되고 있다. FRP관은 부식 및 화학적 내성이 우수하고 무게에 비하여 강도가 우수하여 취급이 용이하여 기존의 터널 보강재인 강재의 좋은 대체품이 될 수 있다. 그러나 FRP관이 터널의 막장 및 천단부의 보강재로서 적용성을 입증하기 위해서는 보강재 및 보강지반에 대한 역학적 강도특성이 명확하게 평가되어야 한다. 따라서, 본 논문은 지반보강 메카니즘을 고려한 FRP관을 이용한 그라우트체 및 그라우팅 보강지반에 대한 전단특성을 평가하기 위하여 실내에서 그라우트체에 대한 양면 전단시험과 보강지반에 대한 직접전단시험을 실시하였다. 시험결과 FRP 그라우트 보강지반의 전단저항은FRP관의 전단강도에 크게 의존하며 FRP그라우트체의 자체 전단저항은 어느 정도 전단변위가 커진 후에 발휘되는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.138-143
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• 2012

This steel has been synthesized integrating concepts from Austempering Ductile Cast Iron (ADI) technology. While ADI has excellent mechanical and physical properties, the Young's modules of ADI is approximately 20% lower than steel. In addition, the presence of graphite nodules in ADI can be sites of crack initiation, where fracture takes place at graphite matrix interface. Because of this limitations of ADI, there has been a growing interest in austempered steels as structural materials in resent years. In this investigation, a new steel with microstructure composed of ferrite and austenite and with simultaneous high tensile strength (1,150 MPa) and high ductility (33%) was developed. The goal of this investigation is to obtain a better understanding of deformation and transformation behaviour in high carbon retained austenite(${\gamma}_{HC}$) and over-saturated ferrite(${\alpha}$) during the plastic deformation. A detailed study of the microstructure of this steel was carried out by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) technic. In this way it was shown that BCC phase (BCC) took up the larger part of the nominal strain whereas the a part of retained austenite responded to the mechanincal load by partial martensite transformation, and misorientation change in the retained austenite after plastic strain could be attributed to the large elongation.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.140-149
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• 1985

본 연구는 오오스테나이트계 STS 316 스테인레스강에 대하여 온도 550.deg. C의 대 기중에서, 변형율제어에 의한 인장-압축에 크리이프 유지시간을 갖는 고온저사이클 피 로시험을 하여 변형율폭 및 크리이프 유지시간이 피로수명에 미치는 영향과 파단면을 주사형 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 크리이프-피로 상호작용이 피로파단면에 미치는 크리 이프 효과를 실험 고찰하였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2006

Steel, as a reinforcing mechanism in concrete, provides the tensile strength that is lacking in concrete, alone, and the high alkaline environment (pH 12.5) in concrete offers satisfactory protection against most corrosion of the steel. However, the corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete can occur by chloride attack or carbonation, and it can cause a loss of integrity a section and concrete failure through cracking and spalling. In this study, a transient electro magnetic method (TEM) of a nondestructive technique is adapted to study the measuring method of steel corrosion in mortar. The sensor was made of an enameled wire, with a diameter of 0.25mm and anacril. He sensor configuration used was a coincident loop type. The secondary electro motive force (2nd EMF) was measured with SIROTEMIII, which equipped the accelerator. The accelerator allowsthe transmitter to turn off approximately $10\sim15$ times faster than normal. The high-resolution time series, used for very shallow or a high resistivity investigation was selected. After steels were corroded by the salt spray, during 4, 8, 15 and 25 days, they were embedded in mortar. The content results acquired in this study are as follows. The variation of the secondary electro motive force (2nd EMF) was shown by the change of steel surface with different corrosion time steel. It was confirmed that measurement of steel corrosion in mortar by a transient electro-magnetic method (TEM) can be possible.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1317-1323
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• 2002

This paper describes the comparison of calculated effective stress with experimental one in austenitic heat resistant steels, STS310J1TB and STS310S with and without a small amount of Nb and N. Based on a solute atoms diffusion model, contribution from soluble nitrogen to the high-temperature strength was numerically examined for austenitic heat-resisting Fe-Cr-Ni-N(STS310J1TB) and Fe-Cr-Ni (STS310S) alloys. The solute atmosphere dragging stress of dislocation was calculated in optional dislocation velocity of STS310J1TB and STS310S at $650^{\circ}C$, $675^{\circ}C$ and $700^{\circ}C$. As a result of the numerical calculation, the solute atmosphere dragging stress of STS310J1TB was about 50 times larger than that of STS310S. When the temperature became high, the maximum value of solute atmosphere dragging stress was small and the velocity of moving dislocation was fast. From the relationship between the dislocation rate and the solute atmosphere dragging stress, the relation of both was proportional and the inclination is about 1 in the level with low velocity of moving dislocation. From above results, the mechanism of dislocation movement in STS310J1TB was the solute atmosphere dragging stress. The solute atmosphere dragging stress, which was calculated from the numerical calculation was close to the effect stress in stress relaxation tests.