• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.9-20
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• 2015

The livestock manure recycling have been performed worldwide because of its environmental and economic benefits. However, domestic standard protocol was nothing for high solid manure. Therefore, This paper was conducted to review database configuration of manure characteristics, analysis methods, bio-methane potential test for high solid manure recycling. In American society of agricultural engineers standard, manure characteristics indicated about sort of thirty types. This is important information to determine for manure recycling method. Furthermore, in order to determine exact manure characteristics recommended that synchronized chemical analysis method among studies. Bio-methane potential tests are widely performed in studies about estimation of organic substrates methane production. Although various methods and parameters were used, was no standard protocol and guideline in domestic. Bio-methane potential test methods and parameters were reviewed through various researches. Consequently, this paper is expected that assist to additional studies and manure characteristic database.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.105-118
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• 2015

This study was conducted to obtain proper amount of solid swine manure and poultry manure in the beginning phase of Cornus kousa growth by investigating the initial germination, seedling growth increment, dry weight, chlorophyll content change, body nutrient uptake and chemical changes of soil according to the concentration of solid swine manure and poultry manure fertilization. When treated with solid swine manure and poultry manure, seed germination rate was the highest in the control. However germination rate showed a tendency to decrease when treated with high concentration of swine manure and poultry manure. The survey results of the growth increment were all higher than that of the control. At the 1.0% treatment of both swine and poultry manure, the seedling height growth was highest. Poultry manure treatment made higher result than swine manure treatment at each treatment. Dry weight was the highest at the 1.0% treatment by both swine and poultry manure. Dry amount declined sharply at the 2.0% treatment. Poultry manure was higher in weight than swine manure at every treatment. Chlorophyll content was the highest at the 1.0% treatment by both swine and poultry manure, but declined sharply at the 2.0% treatment. The survey content was higer than that of the control. The amount of nutrients absorbed in the seedling body was generally high at the 1.0% treatment of swine manure and poultry manure. For the planting soil of Cornus kousa the higher concentration of swine manure and poultry manure was, the lower pH became. However, nitrogen, got higher. available phosphoric acid, exchangeable K, Na, and Mg got higher.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2016

This study was conducted to establish a database of high solid manure(HSM) in domestic. Theoretical methane potential and HSM characteristics was evaluated using breef and dairy manure (n=156). Total solids and Volatile solids of HSM increased depending on time flow, the results showed $20.4{\pm}3.2$ and $17.4{\pm}2.8%$. respectively. C/N ratio of breef HSM was higher than dairy HSM C/N ratio. In theoretical methane potential, the result of breef and dairy HSM was showed $505.2{\pm}25.3$ and $493.5{\pm}20.2$, respectively. Nitrogen content of total HSM increased depending on time flow, the result of breef and dairy nitrogen content was showed $1.9{\pm}0.3$ and $2.8{\pm}0.2$, respectively. Carbon content of total HSM showed approximately 10% reduction. The optimal time of bed replacement was indicated between 29 amd 31 days based on the optimal C/N ratio. Therefore, this study was considered that it has high utilization for livestock manure recycling and basis of relevant research.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.512-516
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• 2014

Two different methods for TOC (Total Organic Carbon) analysis of livestock manure including high strength solid organics were evaluated. Firstly, an analyzing method by dilution after pre-treated by Ultrasonicator and 100 mesh sieve for homogenization was defined as TOC 1; and secondly method divided by particulate organic carbon (POC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was defined as TOC 2. 116 samples collected from 56 farms were analyzed in TOC1, TOC2, BOD and VSS. TOC1 method showed higher accuracy at less than 30,000 mg/L of TOC while TOC2 method presented significant reliability at over that concentration. Regarding to the sample with the same VSS concentration, the correlation between TOC 2 and VSS (${\rho}$: 0.806) was slightly higher than that between TOC 1 and VSS (${\rho}$: 0.784), resulted from a relatively low loss of solids and a low error probability (dilution and homogenization effects) in the analyzing procedures. In addition, the reliability between POC and VSS in TOC2 was high and the POC was about 4.4 fold that of the VSS. Consequently, TOC 2 without dilution effect was assessed as a proper method to increase the analyzing accuracy of swine manure including high solid organics.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2018

본 연구는 빈도리나무를 대상으로 고형 계분의 시비 농도에 따른 빈도리나무 종자의 발아율, 묘목의 생장량, 건중량을 조사하였고, 재료 및 방법에 기술한 방법에 준하여 체내 무기양분 흡수량 및 토양의 화학적 변화 등을 분석하여 빈도리나무 유묘의 생장에 고형 계분의 적정 시용량에 대한 자료를 얻고자 실시하였다. 1. 고형 계분 처리 시 빈도리나무의 종자발아율은 대조구가 가장 높았으며, 고농도 계분 처리 시 발아율은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 2. 묘의 생장량은 계분 처리구가 대조구 보다 모두 높은 생장량을 보였고, 유묘의 생장과 건중량에서도 1.0%처리구에서 가장 컸다. 3. 체내 무기양분 흡수량은 계분 처리 1.0%처리구에서 대부분 높았으며 2.0%에서 급격히 흡수량이 떨어졌다. 4. 빈도리나무 식재 토양의 경우 계분을 고농도로 처리할수록 pH는 낮아지고, 토양 중 잔류된 전질소, 유효인산, 치환성 K, Na 및 Mg 함량은 높아졌다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.112-119
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• 2017

In this study, the availability of cow manure as raw material for solid fuel production was investigated. Since the water content of the cow manure was too high, it was dewatered using a laboratory hydraulic compressure ($11.3kg/cm^2$). The moisture content of the cow manure decreased from 82.01% to 73.36 wt.%. The dewatered cow manure was homogenized by the experimental apparatus and then put into the rotating cylindrical apparatus. From the consecutive processes, the cow ball-shaped pellet which size ranged from 3.0 to 25.0 mm was produced. The major factor for making palletized fuel from cow manure was the moisture content. Based on the experimental data, the moisture content of cow manure for pelletizing cow manure was identified as 65~75 wt.%. When the moisture content of the cow manure was lower than 30 wt.%, the diameter of the pellets maded from cow manure was smaller than 3 mm. On the other hand, when the water content of the cow manure was higher than 75 wt/%, the diameter of the processed pellets tended to be larger than 25 mm. The characteristics of the processed cow manure pellets was analyzed to be in accordance with the livestock solid fuel quality standard. The pyrolysis characteristic of the pellet was analyzed by raising the heating temperature of the experimental equipment from 200 to $900^{\circ}C$. The mass change between of 20 and $130^{\circ}C$ corresponds to the amount of moisture contained in the cow manure. The amount of moisture was about 15% of the total weight of cow manure samples. The cow manure pellet was thermally stable up to $280^{\circ}C$. It can be interpreted that combustion of cow manure pellet does not occur until the surface temperature reaches $280^{\circ}C$. The mass change of pellet between of 280 and $450^{\circ}C$ was considered to be due to the vaporization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in the cow manure pellet. The maximum production of VOCs was showed near $330^{\circ}C$.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

본 연구는 빈도리나무를 대상으로 고형 돈분의 시비 농도에 따른 빈도리나무 종자의 발아율, 묘목의 생장량, 건중량, 체내 무기양분 흡수량 및 토양의 화학적 변화 등을 조사하여 빈도리나무 유묘의 생장에 고형 돈분의 적정 시용량에 대한 자료를 얻고자 실시하였다. 1. 고형 돈분 처리시 빈도리나무의 종자발아율은 대조구가 가장 높았으며, 고농도 돈분 처리시 발아율은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 2. 묘의 생장량은 돈분 처리구가 대조구 보다 모두 높은 생장량을 보였고, 돈분 1.0% 처리구에서 묘고 생장이 가장 컸다. 3. 건중량은 1.0% 처리구에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 체내 무기양분 흡수량은 대부분 1.0% 처리구에서 높았으며, 2.0%에서 급격히 흡수량이 떨어졌다. 4. 빈도리나무 식재 토양의 경우 돈분을 고농도로 처리할수록 pH는 낮아지고, 토양 중 잔류된 전질소, 유효인산, 치환성 K, Na 및 Mg 함량은 높아졌다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2019

가축분뇨는 2018년 말 기준으로 연간 총 51,013천 톤이 발생하였고 그 중의 91.2%인 46,530천 톤이 퇴비화(40,647천 톤)나 액비화(5,884천 톤) 방법에 의해 처리되었다. 현재 우리나라의 가축분뇨 처리 관련 정책방향은 가축분뇨를 퇴비화나 액비화 방법을 적용하여 비료자원화 한 후 농경지에 유기성 비료로서 환원한다는 것이고, 이 정책은 가축분뇨 처리와 영양물질 순환 측면에서 그 효과가 매우 크다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 지난 수십 년 동안 지속적으로 감소하는 농경지 면적과 환경관련 제도의 변천상황을 고려하면 향후에 가축분 퇴비의 시용에 대한 제한이 강화될 우려 있다. 지역적인 양분 과잉발생 현상, 양분관리제 그리고 지자체별 가축 사육두수 제한조항과 같은 환경관련 제도 등이 가축분뇨 처리 및 자원화에 난제요인으로 작용하게 될 우려가 있다. 이에 더해 가축분뇨로부터 유래된 영양물질이 주요 댐의 상류에 위치한 지류로 유입될 수도 있을 것이라는 일부의 견해도 존재한다. 특히 최근 들어서는 가축분뇨 퇴비에서 미세먼지가 발생된다는 문제까지 제기되기도 했다. 이렇듯 가축분뇨 퇴비화에 대한 일반의 관심이 높아지고 있어서 새로운 방식의 가축분뇨 처리기술 개발의 필요성이 높아진 상황이다. 특히 소는 타 축종에 비해 마리당 분뇨발생량이 많아 우분처리 관련 신기술 개발은 그 효과가 매우 클 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우분을 고체연료원으로서 사용시의 효과를 분석하기 위하여 우분펠릿의 연소과정에서 나타나는 특성을 조사하였다. 연소실험 결과 연소실의 온도가 약 $300^{\circ}C$ 내외에 도달했을 때 우분펠릿의 무게감소가 급격하게 나타나기 시작하였다. 우분펠릿의 열분해 과정에서 생성된 열분해가스중의 수소와 메탄 그리고 일산화탄소 농도는 각각 6.65~11.62%, 0.58~1.54% 그리고 11.47~14.07% 수준이었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.925-934
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• 2010

Three typical biological solid wastes, namely, animal manure, garbage, and sewage sludge, were compared with regard to the composting process and the changes in microbial community structure. The effects of different bulking agents such as rice straw, vermiculite, sawdust, and waste paper were compared in manure compost. The differences in the microbial community were characterized by the quinone profile method. The highest mass reduction was found in garbage composting (56.8%), compared with manure and sludge (25% and 20.2%, respectively). A quinone content of $305.2\;{\mu}mol/kg$ was observed in the late stage of garbage composting, although the diversity index of the quinone profile was 9.7, lower than that in manure composting. The predominant quinone species was found to be MK-7, which corresponds to Gram-positive bacteria with a low G+C content, such as Bacillus. The predominance of MK-7 was especially found in the garbage and sludge composting process, and the increase in quinones with partially saturated long side-chains was shown in the late composting process of manure, which corresponded to the proliferation of Actinobacteria. The effects of different bulking agents on the composting process was much smaller than the effects of different raw materials. High organic matter content in the raw materials resulted in a higher microbial biomass and activity, which was connected to the high mass reduction rate.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1032-1036
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 돈분퇴비 제조 시 톱밥소요량을 줄이는 방안을 모색하고자 왕겨의 혼용 효과를 분석하였다. 실험기간 35일 동안 퇴비의 평균 온도는 PM+SD5+RH10 와 PM+SD10+RH5 처리구가 가장 높게 유지되었다. 모든 처리구의 유기물함량 및 OM/N ratio는 시험을 종료한 5주차에서 비료공정규격의 범위를 만족하였다. 퇴비의 중량 감소율은 PIM+SD10+RH5와 PIM+SD5+RH10 처리에서 각각 36.7%와 36.4%로 타 처리에 비해 가장 높았다. 따라서 퇴비의 온도상승과 더불어 무게 감소율을 종합해 볼 때 대조구(PIM+SD15 처리) 대비 PIM+SD10+RH5와 PIM+SD5+RH10처리에서 왕겨를 활용함으로써 톱밥사용량의 약 30-65% 대체가 가능한 것으로 판단된다.