• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.621-629
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• 2013

Since algae had been issued an environmental problem, water blooms, deepened due to increase of retention water basin in Korea as well as a biomass resource for producing biofuel, this study conducted a series of experiments for Spirulina platensis using the flotation process with micro-bubble. To elevate utilization of collected-algae, this study focused on omitting or minimizing coagulant's doses as changing a cultivation period and condition affected on physical property change of algae. Two coagulants, PAC and Chitosan, were used to test the collecting rate of algae and the result found no difference between two rates. For flotation experiments without adding the coagulant, dried algae weight (passing 14 days after cultivation for 20 days) detected high separation efficiency 98.2 % and it (passing 7 days after long-term cultivation for 28 days) presented good separation efficiency 91.9 %. Chlorophyll's separation efficiency showed a similar tendency with the case of the dried algae weight. In endogeny conditions, a light source and a carbon source were not considerably affected on the flotation separation efficiency. Thus, this study confirms that algae biomass may be collected without the coagulant during the endogeny condition period after enough cultivation time, 3 weeks.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2001

For developing the cryogenic air separation unit, it requires some technology such as basic process design. equipment design and manufacturing based on the cryogenic physical properties and separation theory. In this study, we developed a process and equipment for producing high purity nitrogen which has the production capacity of 1600N㎥/h under 1 ppm $O_2$ and $H_2O$. Also we found that the number of theoretical plate(NTP) of distillation column was 44 and maximum nitrogen recovery ration of this process was 42% from the process simulation. The performance test was also carried out for the nitrogen recovery ratio and equipment efficiency. The results showed that the optimum nitrogen recovery was 41% and the maximum equipment efficiency was attained.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.297-301
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• 2009

We have developed the yttrium oxide (YNP) or ytterbium oxide (YbNP) nanoparticle/polymer matrices for the size-dependent separation of DNA ranging from 100 bp to 9,000 bp. High separation efficiency (> $10^6$ plates/m) and the baseline resolution for various DNA standards (100 bp, 500 bp, and 1 kbp DNA ladder) were obtained in 10 min with these matrices. The effects of concentrations of both polyethylene oxide (PEO) and nanoparticles were investigated and the highest performance was obtained at 0.02% PEO with 0.02% YNP or YbNP. Similar sieving power for both YNP and YbNP matrices was observed probably due to the similar sizes of nanoparticles, resulting in the formation of comparable sieving networks for DNA separation. For the reduction of electrosmotic flow, either dynamic or permanent coating of the capillary inner wall was compared and it turned out that PEO was superior to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or polyacrylamide (PAA) for better separation efficiency.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.51 no.7
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• pp.1866-1870
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• 2019

Residual salt separation is an essential step in pyroprocessing because its reaction products, as prepared by electrochemical unit processes, contain frozen residual electrolyte species, which are generally composed of alkali-metal chloride salts (e.g., LiCl, KCl). In this study, a simple technique that utilizes high-temperature gas flux as a driving force to melt and push out the residual salt in the reaction products was developed. This technique is simple as it only requires the use of a heating gun in combination with a gas injection system. Consequently, $LiNO_3-ZrO_2$ and $LiCl-ZrO_2$ mixtures were successfully separated by the high-temperature gas injection (separation efficiency > 93%), thereby demonstrating the viability of this simple technique for residual salt separation.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2019

Supported liquid membrane process usually is used for recovering or enrichment of valuable metals in the industrial wastewater. But, even if the metals in the wastewater was separated with high chemical selectivity, it cannot be enough concentrated since separation performance of supported liquid membrane (SLM) process is limited by concentration gradient between feed solution and stripping solution. If metal concentration in the stripping solution to be enough low, transport of metal through membrane can be accomplishment constantly. Therefore, Electrodialysis (ED) has been placed after SLM process and the stripping solution of SLM was used as the feed solution for the ED process. Transport of ions in the solutions is successfully performed by ED process. Thus, the metal concentration in the stripping solution does not rise as to stop ion transport. Besides, valuable metals easily are concentrated by ED process for re-use. In this study, effects of operation parameters like initial Cd(II) concentration, HCl concentration in the feed solution of SLM and applied voltage are investigated on separation efficiency, flux and permeability of the both processes. As the feed solution concentration increased, all performance values has increased. When initial concentration of 100 mg/L is used, separation performances (SP) are 55% and 70%, for SLM and consecutive process, respectively. The best HCl concentration in the feed solution of SLM has determined as 2 M, in this conditions SP are 64% and 72%, for SLM and consecutive process, respectively. With increased of applied voltage on ED process, SP of the consecutive process has been raised from 72% to 83%. According to the obtained experimental data, consecutive process has better separation performance than SLM. When the separation performances of both processes were compared for the same operating conditions, it was determined higher the separation efficiency, permeability and flux values of the consecutive process, 8%, 9% and %10.6, respectively. Consequently, the use of the consecutive process increases the performance efficiency of both processes. The consecutive process studied has quite a good chemical separation efficiency, and enrichment capability. Moreover, this process requires few water and energy.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.22-25
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• 2017

Steel slag has been considered as an industrial waste. A huge amount of slag is produced as a byproduct and the steel slag usually has been dumped in a landfill site. However the steel slag contains valuable resources such as iron, copper, manganese, and magnesium. Superconducting magnetic separation has been applied on recovery of the valuable resources from the steel slag and this process also has intended to reduce the waste to be dumped. Cryo-cooled Nb-Ti superconducting magnet with 100 mm bore and 600 mm of height was used as the magnetic separator. The separating efficiency was evaluated in the function of magnetic field. A steel slag was ground and analyzed for the composition. Iron containing minerals were successfully concentrated from less iron containing portion. The separation efficiency was highly dependent on the particle size giving higher separating efficiency with finer particle. The magnetic field also effects on the separation ratio. Current study showed that an appropriate grinding of slag and magnetic separation lead to the recovery of metal resources from steel slag waste rather than dumping all of the volume.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.19-23
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• 2022

We have been developing a magnetic separation device that can be used in low magnetic fields for paramagnetic materials. Magnetic separation of paramagnetic particles with a small particle size is desired for volume reduction of contaminated soil in Fukushima or separation of iron scale from water supply system in power plants. However, the implementation of the system has been difficult due to the needed magnetic fields is high for paramagnetic materials. This is because there was a problem in installing such a magnet in the site. Therefore, we have developed a magnetic separation system that combines a selection tube and magnetic separation that can separate small sized paramagnetic particles in a low magnetic field. The selection tube is a technique for classifying the suspended particles by utilizing the phenomenon that the suspended particles come to rest when the gravity acting on the particles and the drag force are balanced when the suspension is flowed upward. In the balanced condition, they can be captured with even small magnetic forces. In this study, we calculated the particle size of paramagnetic particles trapped in a selection tube in a high gradient magnetic field. As a result, the combination of the selection tube and HGMS (High Gradient Magnetic Separation-system) can separate small sized paramagnetic particles under low magnetic field with high efficiency, and this paper shows its potential application.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.285-291
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• 1991

A two-stage slit type virtual impactor based on the concept of the single stage virtual impactor has been designed, fabricated, and evaluated for the purpose of concentrating the suspended particles in the air with the size range of 1.8-4.5 .mu.m and handling large flow volume. Monodisperse methylene blue particles have been generated with vibrating orifice aerosol generator (VOAG). The separation efficiency and concentration efficiency have been measured by the UV-visible absorption spectrometry. Previous study for a single stage virtual impactor were used to determine the design parameters such as 50% cut-off sizes and dimensions of the two stage virtual impactor. The separation efficiency curve and 50% cut-off Stokes number(cut-off sizes) are not sensitive to the nozzle Reynolds number, but sensitive to the ratio between the minor flow rate and the total flow rate, The measured concentration efficiency was compared with the maximum concentration efficiency determined by the separation efficiencies of the first and the second stages. The differences between the measured and the maximum concentration efficiencies result from the wall loss due to the deposited particles on the internal walls inside the impactor.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.393-408
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• 2013

Gas separation processes using polymeric membranes have been greatly developed during the last few decades due to high energy efficiency and economic advantages. To achieve optimum economic performance, gas separation membranes required high permeability and selectivity. So, a number of reports examining the various polymeric materials for gas separation membranes have been published. Among the studied materials, polyimide (PI), which exhibit high permselectivity for various gas pairs, high chemical resistance, thermal stability, and mechanical strength, have attracted much attention. This paper focuses on the basic principle of gas separation, preparation procedure of membrane along with the recent developments and research trends of PI based materials for gas separation.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.363-375
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• 2001

Chromatography has been method of choice for the separation complex biologi-cal mixtures fro analytical purpose, particularly for the last fifty years. Its use has recently been extended to preparative separation where the productivity relative to the amount of resin and sol-vent used is a matter of concern. To overcome the inherent thermodynamic inefficiency of batch chromatography, as exemplified by the partial temporal usage of the resin and dilution of the product with the solvent, chromatography has been continually modified by separation engineers. Column switching and recycling represnet some of the process modifications that have brought high productivity to chromatography. Recently, the simulated moving bed (SMB) method, which claims a high separation efficiency based on counter-current moving bed chromatography. has be-come the mainstay of preparative separation, especially in chiral separation. Accordingly, this pa-per reviews the current status of SMB along with several chromatographic modification, which may be helpful in routine laboratory and industrial chromatographic practices.