• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 2004

There are many concerns about the use and abuse of both licit and illicit substances among adolescents. This study was performed to understand the drinking status and drinking behaviur of middle school students. Self reports on drinking behaviur, dietary habits and one-day dietary records were obtained from 213 boys and 202 girls using anonymous questionnaires. One hundred and forty five of 415 students(34.9%) have experienced drinking and 48.3% of them initiated it at primary school. The motivation for first drinking was different between boys and girls; ' after sacrificial rite' for boys, ' curiosity' for girls. The most plausible reasons for drinking were ' boredom' and ' stress reduction' , and they felt the strongest desire to drink when they felt ' anger or frustration' Drinking behavior was not significantly different between male and female student except in the motivation for first drinking. But interestingly, the girls drank with friends mostly, while the boys drank with their parents. Drinking-experienced students showed significantly high rates of skipping meals and in particular skipping breakfast. DVS was found as $14.71\pm{4.51}$ and $13.95\pm{4.69}$ in non-drinking and drinking, respectively. This study showed that the drinking experience of middle school students were initiated earlier in primary school, and that drinking behavior of female students was not different with that of male student.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.332-339
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• 2004

Purpose: To develop a tool to evaluate middle school sex education programs. Method: An evaluation tool was developed in 4 stages: first, preliminary items were developed based on the sex education guidebook for teachers published by the Korean Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development; second, a panel of specialists reduced the number of preliminary items by 3 validity tests on the contents; third, final items were selected from the results of pre-test. Finally, reliability and validity were tested by a sample of 601 middle school students of both genders attending all three grades. Result: The developed evaluation tool contained 31 items on the sexual knowledge and 22 items on the sexual attitude. The results of reliability tests were as follows: Cronbachs alpha for sexual knowledge was .84; and for sexual attitude was .88. Conclusion: This study suggested the developed evaluation tool for sex education programs for middle school students had a high degree of reliability and validity. Therefore, it can be utilized to effectively evaluate Korean middle school sex education programs.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.226-236
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the type of latent profile for general high school students' subject selection criteria and to identify the characteristics of the latent class. The survey data of 1072 general high school students (male; 648, female; 424) in G city, Jeollabuk-do and the scale composed of 8 sub-factors: 'SAT orientation', 'academic achievement', 'ability orientation', 'pursuit of interest', 'teacher orientation', 'career development', 'others' recommendation', and 'subject availability' were used for latent profile analysis and cross-analysis between potential layers. As a result of the analysis, high school students' perceptions of subject selection were classified into four latent profiles. The four groups were named 'High Perception Type', 'Low Perception Type', 'Self-Directed Type', and 'Stability-Oriented Type' according to their types. It was found that there was a difference between the latent classes in the importance and performance level of the subject selection criteria. These results can help identify the subject selection tendencies of latent groups in the operation of the 2015 revised curriculum and the 2025 high school credit system that emphasizes the student-centered course selection curriculum and they can also provide customized course selection guidance considering individual differences.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.939-948
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• 1998

To investigate the relationship between eating behavior and the prevalence of adolescents drug abuse and smoking, this survey was conducted among 349 male students(mean age ; 16.0 $\pm$0.9yrs) at technical high schools in Kyunggi-Do. It was shown that 58.7% of total subjects were smoking and 11.2% were abusing drugs. Drug abusers weighed Less than non-abusers especially, student smokers were 2.7kg lighter than non-smokers despite the same height. Although parents' education showed no relationship with drug abuse, educational level of student smokers' fathers was significantly lower than that of non-smokers' fathers. Drug abusers and smokers showed significantly higher incidence of runaway from home, absence from school without notice, and parents' divorce than non-abusers and non-smokers. Drugs abused were sleeping pills(n=20), bonds and butane gas(n=9), marijuana(n=3), tranquilizer(n=3), morphine and cocaine(n=2), and pep pills like amphetamine(n=2) 76.9% of the drug abusers had their first experience in junior high school and 81% of the smokers stared smoking as early as in junior high school. Also, 44% of the smokers reported that they smoke daily. The drug abusers tended to have more irregular eating habits than the non-abusers. The smokers showed irregular mealtime, ate either too fast or too slow, and especially, often skipped lunch or dinner. The drug abusers and smokers took little vegetable in their meals and often ate bread or noodles instead of rice for staples. In addition, they preferred taste to nutrition when they had meals. The smokers tended to ingest smaller amount of calcium source such as milk or dinner food and fish with bone although they consume more volume of total foods than the non-smokers. All subjects took less in calorie, calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin E, riboflavin, and folic acid than the Recommended Dietary Allowance Those findings suggest that drug abuse and smoking cause bad eating habits that influence unbalanced nutritional state. Therefore, nutrition education should be provided to the adolescents so that they can recognize the disadvantages of drug and smoking and its relation to dietary relation. (Korean J Nutrition 31(5) : 939-948, 1998)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.251-262
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is understanding female high school student's make-up culture by developing the recognition criteria for their make-up behavior and anxiety in purchasing cosmetics. This study targeted 524 female high school students who attended vocational and academic high school located in Daegu, Korea. SPSS WIN package was used fur statistics and MANOVA, ANOVA, LSD post-verification was conducted for data analysis. The conclusion of this study is as fellowed ; (1) Academic groups showed statistically different tendency to 6 reasons of make-up behavior ; interest in make-up was chosen most for the reason and etiquette, make-up satisfaction, aesthetics, fashion, synchronism comes next in the order. (2) In case of vocational group, it also showed different tendency to 6 reasons of make-up behavior ; interest in make-up was also most highly chosen reason as the academic group and etiquette was next and then make-up satisfaction, aesthetics, fashion were same level and synchronism was shown to be the lowest chosen reason in the order. (3) Academic group showed different level of anxiety from the 11 reasons of anxiety in purchasing cosmetics ; also anxiety of material was highly chosen reason and then fitness, price, color, quality, utility, purchasing, after service, fashion, label-trust, other people's comments comes next for the reason. (4) Vocational group also showed different level of anxiety from 11 reasons of anxiety in purchasing cosmetics; also anxiety of material was highest reason (same as the academic group) and then fitness, color, quality, price, utility, after service, label-trust, fashion, buying, other people's comments comes next for the reason.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.497-518
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• 2008

This study aims to examine how Science Gifted Education Center(SGEC) affect the decision of graduates of gifted education institute in applying for science-related Special high school. To this end, the study investigated factors that affected their decision on applying for higher SGEC, such as career goal prior to their admission to a SGEC, motivation for the admission, and curricular activities at SGEC. A questionnaire survey was administered on 30 students, and resulting data were used as basic information to construct interview questions. Selected 22 students among them were interviewed separately, with transcripts of the recorded interviews being analyzed. The results of the study indicate that among many factors of SGEC for the gifted which affected student's choice of special-purpose high school of science, activities of the center putting an emphasis on open research activities and social interaction had a positive effect on the students' choice of special high school.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.735-748
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• 2016

Since the number of student is regarded as the fundamental basis to calculate the future allocation of employed teachers, it needs to be systematically estimated based on statistical data. In order to achieve this purpose, the number of high school students is projected following the assumption that the teacher-student ratio of Korea should be adjusted to the level of OECD to improve the quality of education. Hence, this paper introduced the projection methods by time series model. To predict the number of high school students and error estimation, various models were adopted.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.87-98
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• 2007

Objectives: This study was aimed to observe health behaviors of middle school and high school students in an Island. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire survey was carried out for total 414 people(middle school 285-men 160 and women 125, high school 129-men 71 and women 58) who resident in Ulleung-do Gyeoungsang-Bukdo from 1th to 30th November, 2005. results: Test main characters of smokers were men(p<0.01), high school student(p<0.01), low school-score(p<0.01), unsatisfacted school lift(p<0.05), smoking of parents(p<0.01), long attending duration of school in Ulleung-do(p<0.01) and existence of mental effect by an island life(p<0.05), the answered. The more drinkers lived together parents(p<0.05), that their habits were effected by island life rather than non-drinkers.(p<0.05). Conclusion: Among the participants, health-related problems varied in the region. To account for these problems, educational programs or counselling services may be employed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3607-3612
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• 2013

Introduction: Reported prognostic roles of hypoxic inducible factor (HIF) expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have varied. This meta-analysis aimed to examine the relationship between HIF expression and clinical outcome in NSCLC patients. Methods: PubMed were used to identify relevant literature with the last report up to December $20^{th}$, 2012. After careful review, survival data were collected from eligible studies. We completed the meta-analysis using Stata statistical software (Version 11) and combined hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS). Subgroup specificity, heterogeneity and publication bias were also assessed. All of the results were verified by two persons to ensure accuracy. Results: Eight studies were finally stepped into this meta-analysis in which seven had available data for HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and three for HIF-$2{\alpha}$. Combined HRs suggested that higher expression of $HIF1{\alpha}$ had a negative impact on NSCLC patient survival (HR=1.50; 95%CI=1.07-2.10; p=0.019). The expression of HIF-$2{\alpha}$ was also relative to a poorer survival (HR=2.02; 95%CI=1.47-2.77; p=0.000). No bias existed in either of the two groups. Conclusion: This study suggests that elevations of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and HIF-$2{\alpha}$ expression are both associated with poor outcome for patients with NSCLC. The data support further and high quality investigation of HIF expression for predicting poor outcome in patients with NSCLC.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.583-588
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• 2002

The purpose of the study is to evaluate fracture toughness on the Laser and the electron beam welded joints of high tensile steels (HT500, HT550, HT650) by using 3-point bend CTOD and Charpy impact test. WM (weld metal) CTOD tests have been carried out using two kinds of CTOD specimen, the Laser beam welding (108mm length, and 24mm width, and 12mm thickness) and the electron beam welding (l71mm length, and 38mm width, and 19mm thickness). WM Charpy impact specimen is a standard V-notch type, and the temperature of the experiment is changed from -45 to 20 degree of centigrade. FE-analysis is also performed in order to investigate the effect of stress-strain fields on fracture characteristics. Results of the standard V-notch Charpy test are influenced by strength mis-match effect and the absorbed energy vE depends on crack path, and The transition temperature of Laser beam welded joints is more higher than that of electron beam welded joints. Results of the 3-point bend test give low critical CTOD and the crack path is in the weld metal of al specimens. These results indicate fracture toughness characteristics of the welded joints and transition temperature of HT500 are similar both a Laser beam welded joint and an electron beam welded joint. But the fracture toughness and the transition temperature of the electron beam welded joints of HT550 and HT650 are higher than those o the Laser beam welded joints.