• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.180-184
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to develop the best methods to sterilize Moutan Root Bark which is frequently used as a herbal medicine, and known to have high susceptibility to m icrobial contamination. We used dry heat, gamma irradiation and alcohol gas treatment for sterilization, and evaluated these methods in terms of the followings; I) the efficacy of sterilization, and ii) the chemical alteration of a major component of the harbal medicines. Treatment with dry heat effectively got rid of contaminated microorganisms, and did not significantly alter the content of paeonol. However it seriously changed the color and morphology which are an essential criterion to estimate a measure of quality of medicinal herbs. Treatment with gamma irradiation showed a strong sterilizing effect, and no alteration of the content of paeonol, color and morphology. Alcohol gas treatment resulted in similar effects as those in gamma irradiation. Collectively, these results suggest that appropriate sterilizing methods to guarantee the microbial quality of this herbal medicine may be those using gamma irradiation or alcohol gas.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.151-161
• /
• 2019

Ashwagandha (Withania sominifera Duanal) is an important medicinal herb with increased demand after discovering its anti-stress and sex stimulating properties that are attributed to the presence of biologically active alkaloid compounds. The aim of this study was to elucidate a proper agro technological package that ensures the optimum growth of Ashwagandha to obtain the finest quality without degrading the pharmacologically active constituents. Mixtures of organic and inorganic fertilizers were combined with direct seeding and transplanted as four different treatments in this study. The fresh and dry weights of the tubers were recorded up to 12 months starting from two months after sowing (MAS) while the shoot height, root length, number of leaves, fresh and dry weights of the shoot and the root with a shoot ratio of up to 6 MAS were determined. The results revealed that the growth of Ashwagandha was not affected significantly by the method of planting, type of fertilizer or their combinations during most of the harvests. However, tubers harvested at 6 MAS had the highest recorded dry tuber weight per plant in all four treatments compared to the early harvests where two direct seeded treatments had the best results. Comparison of the phytochemical compounds showed that direct seeding with organic fertilizer had the highest recorded values for alkaloid and withaferine A contents with a lower percentage of fiber compared to the treatments with inorganic fertilizer. In conclusion, direct seeding with organic fertilizer and tubers harvested at 6 MAS are recommended as the best cultivation conditions and harvesting stage to obtain high quality tubers of Ashwagandha, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.588-596
• /
• 2018

In this study, dry-milled rice flour from different varieties (Samgwang, Boranchan, Hanareum, Dasan, Hangaru) and different particle sizes were used to manufacture Jeung-pyun and the quality characteristics were analyzed. The Jeung-pyun produced from Samgwang, Dasan and Hangaru milled rice flour showed highly dense pores. The Jeung-pyun produced from Hanareum only showed a significant difference according to the particle size. Samgwang, Boranchan and Dasan varieties with a particle size of 150 m showed a significant decrease in volume (p<0.05). Samgwang showed the lowest pH at all particle sizes (p<0.05). The sweetness of Samgwang varieties was the highest at $3.27-3.63^{\circ}Brix$ (p<0.05). The hardness of Jeung-pyun increased with increasing particle size (p<0.05). The highest acceptance of Jeung-pyun in terms of volume and bitter taste was observed with Hanareum at a particle size of 50 m. When the particle size was 50 m, the overall acceptance was highest for Jeung-pyun made from Samgwang followed by Hanareum. The acceptance of all the sensory characteristics was high when the particle size of rice flour was 50 m. When the appearance of Jeung-pyun was measured, Samgwang showed a dense structure and low hardness. Hanareum showed an increasing volume and springiness. Overall Samgwang and Hanareum were found to be the most suitable varieties for the production of Jeung-pyun.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.145-156
• /
• 2024

Due to climate change and the expansion of cultivation areas through the use of reclaimed land, changes in the selection of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) varieties are anticipated. This study was conducted to compare the growth characteristics before overwintering, productivity, and feed value of eight Italian ryegrass varieties with different maturing stages under the same cultivation conditions. The variety 'Lm4ho', a medium-maturing type, showed superior growth characteristics before overwintering, including plant height, leaf length, and leaf width. The heading date was advanced in all varieties, with a greater degree of advancement observed in varieties with earlier heading dates. When harvested at the heading stage of the early-maturing types, the dry matter yield of the medium-maturing types was not significantly different from that of the early-maturing types. However, when harvested at the heading stage of the medium-maturing types, the dry matter yield was higher than that of the early-maturing types. Specifically, 'Lm4ho' produced 2,518 kg/ha more than 'Kowinearly'. The late-maturing variety IR901 and the medium-maturing varieties 'Lm4ho' and 'Kowinmaster' showed statistically superior dry matter yields. In terms of forage value, including crude protein (CP), total digestible nutrients (TDN), and relative feed value (RFV), the medium- and late-maturing types outperformed the early-maturing types. Notably, 'Lm4ho', 'IR 901', and 'Hwasan 104' were evaluated as suitable varieties for high-quality forage production. These results suggest that medium-maturing varieties may be suitable for double cropping in the central regions due to climate change. We propose that future breeding of Italian ryegrass should expand from focusing on cold tolerance and early-maturing varieties to include medium- and late-maturing varieties that consider both productivity and quality.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted under the condition of greenhouse to investigate the relationships between the period of long day (LD) treatment before short day treatment, the dry matter production and flower quality of cut chrysanthemum (Indicum group) cv. Reagan Improved at Wagenigen University in the Netherlands. Rooted cuttings of chrysanthemum (Indicum group) cv. Reagan Improved were transplanted on 6th, 13th, loth of September and all of them were treated with short-days (SD) on 21th September. The periods from planting until final harvest were 70, 77, 84 days after being planted for 1, 2, and 3 week-LD period, respectively. The time of flower initiation was similar in all treatments. The number of flowers per plant was greater in the plot of 3 week-LD period than that in the plot of 1 or 2 week-LD period. The fresh weight and dry weight of flowers also increased more in the plot of 3 week-LD period than that in the 1 week-LD period by 4g and 0.4g, respectively. The final dry matter production ($g{\cdot}m$^{-2}$ ) was greater in the treatment of 3 week-LD period than 1 or 2week-LD period. In this study, LD period before short day treatment did not affect the time of flower initiation and flower quality. As a result, 3 week-LD period before short day treatment was strongly recommanded for producing high quality cut flowers of greenhouse-grown chrysanthemum.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.27 no.8
• /
• pp.1164-1173
• /
• 2014

The present study demonstrates the impact of specific breed on the characteristics of dry-cured ham. Eighty thighs from Korean native pig (KNP), crossbreed (Landrace${\times}$YorkshireLandrace${\times}$Yorkshire)♀${\times}$Duroc♂ (LYD), Berkshire (Ber), and Duroc (Du) pig breeds (n = 10 for each breed) were used for processing of dry-cured ham. The thighs were salted with 6% NaCl (w/w) and 100 ppm $NaNO_2$, and total processing time was 413 days. The effects of breed on the physicochemical composition, texture, color and sensory characteristics were assessed on the biceps femoris muscle of the hams. The results revealed that the highest weight loss was found in the dry-cured ham of LYD breed and the lowest weight loss was found in Ber dry-cured ham. The KNP dry-cured ham contain higher intramuscular fat level than other breed hams (p<0.05). It was observed that the dry-cured ham made from KNP breed had the lowest water activity value and highest salt content, while the LYD dry-cure ham had higher total volatile basic nitrogen content than the Ber and Du hams (p<0.05). Zinc, iron and total monounsaturated fatty acids levels were higher in KNP ham while polyunsaturated fatty acids levels were higher in Du ham when compared to other breed hams (p<0.05). Additionally, the KNP dry-cured ham possessed higher Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) $a^*$ value, while the Du dry-cured ham had higher $L^*$, CIE $b^*$ and hue angle values (p<0.05). Furthermore, breed significantly affected the sensory attributes of dry-cured hams with higher scores for color, aroma and taste found in KNP dry-cured ham as compared to other breed hams (p<0.05). The overall outcome of the study is that the breed has a potential effect on the specific chemical composition, texture, color and sensorial properties of dry-cured hams. These data could be useful for meat processors to select the suitable breeds for economical manufacturing of high quality dry-cured hams.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
• /
• 2001.06a
• /
• pp.1253-1253
• /
• 2001

The ability to accurately assess wine quality is important during the wine making process, particularly when allocating batches of wines to styles determined by consumer requirements. Grape payments are often determined by the quality category of the wine that is produced from them. Wine quality, in terms of sensory characteristics, is normally a subjective measure, performed by experienced winemakers, wine competition judges or winetasting panellists. By nature, such assessments can be biased by individual preferences and may be subject to day-to-day variation. Taste and aroma compounds are often present in concentrations below the detection limit of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy but the more abundant organic compounds offer potential for objective quality grading by this technique. Samples were drawn from one of Australia's major wine shows and from BRL Hardy's post-vintage wine quality allocation tastings. The samples were scanned in transmission mode with a FOSS NIR Systems 6500, over the wavelength range 400-2500 ㎚. Data analysis was performed with the Vision chemometrics package. With samples from the allocation tastings, the best correlations between NIR spectra and tasting data were obtained with dry red wines. These calibrations used loadings in the wavelengths related to anthocyanins, ethanol and possibly tannins. Anthocyanins are a group of compounds responsible for colour in red wines - restricting the wavelengths to those relating to anthocyanins produced calibrations of similar accuracy to those using the full wavelength range. This was particularly marked with Merlot, a variety that tends to have relatively lower anthocyanin levels than Cabernet Sauvignon and Shiraz. For dry white wines, calibrations appeared to be more dependent on ethanol characteristics of the spectrum, implying that quality correlated with fruit maturity. The correlations between NIR spectra and sensory data obtained using the wine show samples were less significant in general. This may be related to the fact that within most classes in the show, the samples may span vintages, glowing areas and winemaking styles, even though they may be made from only one grape variety. For dry red wines, the best calibrations were obtained with a class of Pinot Noir - a variety that tends to be produced in limited areas in Australia and would represent the least matrix variation. Good correlations were obtained with a tawny port class - these wines are sweet, fortified wines, that are aged for long periods in wooden barrels. During the ageing process Maillard browning compounds are formed and the water is lost through the barrels in preference to ethanol, producing “concentrated” darkly coloured wines with high alcohol content. These calibrations indicated heaviest loadings in the water regions of the spectrum, suggesting that “concentration” of the wines was important, whilst the visible and alcohol regions of the spectrum also featured as important factors. NIR calibrations based on sensory scores will always be difficult to obtain due to variation between individual winetasters. Nevertheless, these results warrant further investigation and may provide valuable Insight into the main parameters affecting wine quality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
• /
• 1996.06c
• /
• pp.314-324
• /
• 1996

A high speed NMR quality evaluation sensor was designed , constructed and tested . The device consists of an NMR spectrometer coupled to a conveyor system. The conveyor was run at speeds ranging from 0 to 250 mm/s. Spectral of avocado fruits and one-dimensional magnetic resonance images of pickled olives were acquired while the samples were moving on a conveyor belt mounted through a 20Tesla NMR magnet with a 20 mm diameter surface coil and a 150 mm diameter imaging coil respectively. Fro a magnetic resonance spectrum analysis, motion through variations in the magnetic field tends to narrow spectral line width just like using sample rotation in high resolution NMR to narrow spectral line width. Spectrum analysis was used to detect the dry weight of avocado fruits using the ratio oil and water resonance peaks. Good correlations maximum r=0.970@ 50 mm/s and minimum r=0.894@250mm/s ) between oil and water resonance peak ratio and dry weight of avocados were observed at speeds ra ging from0 to 250mm/s. For the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method, the projections were used to distinguish between pitted and non-pitted olives . Effect of fruit position in the coil was tested and coil degree effects were noticed when projects were generated under dynamic conditions. Various belt speeds (up to 250mm/s) were tested and detection results were compared to static measurements. Higher classification errors were occurred at dynamic conditions compared to errors while olives were at rest.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 1997

The nutrients runoff including nitrogen and phosphorous was investigated to find out the characteristics of nutrient discharge from the slurrigated area using digested animal manure. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1.The concentrations of T-N, $NH_4$- N, EC, T- P and Cl- were high in flood runoff. 2.The concentration of nutrients by the surface runoff, except for $NO_3$-N, showed a tendency of increasing when the period of dry days before the rain fall was long. And the concentration of N$NO_3$-N increased in the inflow section where subsurface drainage flowed in. 3.The quality of water was generally influenced by the discharge of water quantity from slurrigated area. However the runoff concentration influenced the water quality when it was high enough. 4.To reduce loss of the nutrients and improve the fertilization effect, it is not recommended to apply slurry in rainy season.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.11 no.10
• /
• pp.3988-3997
• /
• 2010

Shotcrete was a mortar or concrete that is pneumatically projected at high velocity onto a subject. It has been applied for tunneling, underground big-spaces, slope stabilization. Shotcrete is increasing use in structure repair. The dry-mix shotcrete require a smaller equipment, easy maintenance, possible of very-earlystrength materials than wet-mix shotcrete, which make this process attractive and economic for structural repairs. It is common practice core compressive strength to the dry-mix shotcrete quality control. This test is very difficult estimating eraly-strength of Very-Early-Strength Dry-Mix Shotcrete. The purpose of this research was to analyze the correlation of test results among cube test, core test, pullout test and maturity. The correlationship analysis of test results among cube test, core test, pullout test and maturity showed more than 90%.