• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2014

Objectives : This study was undertaken to verify the effect of Gangjihwan(Di-fatty, DF) composed with Pakistani Ephedra Herba on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) using high fat diet-fed male mice. Method : Eight-week old C57BL/6N mice were used for all experiments. Standard chow diet-fed mice were used as normal group and high fat diet-fed NAFLD mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: control, atorvastatin, DF(1), DF(2) and DF(3). After 8 weeks, mice were treated with water, atorvastatin(10mg/kg) and DF(40, 80, 160mg/kg) for 8 weeks. And we investigated body weight gain, plasma lipid and glucose metabolism, histological analysis for liver on the mice. Results : Compared with controls, DF-treated mice had very significantly lower body weight gain and lower visceral adipose tissue weight, the magnitudes of which were prominent in DF(3). Consistent with their effects on body weight gain, DF-treated mice had lower blood total cholesterol and triglyceride level compared with controls. Consistent with their effects on body weight gain and blood plasma lipid level, DF-treated mice had lower liver weight and hepatic lipid accumulation of DF-treated groups was significantly decreased than control group. Also Blood plasma AST, ALT and ${\gamma}$-GT concentration were not changed by DF, and these results may indicate DF do not show any toxic effects. Conclusions : These results suggest that DF effectively improves NAFLD. DF reduces liver weight and prevents lipid accumulation of hepatocyte by reducing body weight gain and modulating blood plasma lipid metabolism levels.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.688-696
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• 2018

Ginseng and probiotics have anti-obesity effects in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Absorption of ginsenoside and colonization of probiotics occur in the intestine. In this study, a mixture of fermented ginseng and two probiotics, Bifidobacterium longum BORI and Lactobacillus paracasei CH88, was administered to HFD-fed mice for 9 weeks. The mixture significantly suppressed weight gain (p < 0.05, n = 8) and lipid deposition in the liver and adipose tissues as well as increased the mice's food intake. The adipocyte size of the adipose tissue was significantly decreased in the mixture-fed group, especially when 0.5% fermented ginseng and $5{\times}10^8/ml$ of the two probiotics were used (p < 0.05, n = 10). The expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ in adipose tissue was efficiently downregulated in the mixture-fed group (p < 0.05, n = 4). The supplement also improved the mice's fasting blood glucose levels (p < 0.05, n = 8) and total cholesterol feces excretion (p < 0.05, n = 8). The mixture of fermented ginseng and B. longum BORI and L. paracasei CH88 could have an anti-obesity effect and suppress lipid deposit in the liver and adipose tissues.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2005

This study examined the anti-diabetic effect of a silkworm extract in C57BL/6J mice, an ob/㏈ model, fed a high fat diet for 8 weeks. The body weight was not significantly different with the silkworm-extract supplement, nor did food intake and body weight gains also did not differ significantly among the high-fat diet groups. However, the water intake by the silkworm-extract supplemented groups increased significantly compared with that by the distilled-water supplement group, nonetheless, the FER did not differ significantly. For all groups, the blood glucose increased the most after 30 minutes and yet returned to a fasting level within 90 minutes. The fasting time and resulting glucose tolerance for the silkworm-extract supplemented groups were significantly decreased compared to that for the high fat diet with distilled water supplement group, while the level of blood glucose in silkworm-extract supplemented groups was significantly decreased compared with than in the diabetic control group. The HbA1c and insulin levels were no different among the groups. The sucrase and lactase activities in the proximal small intestine were significantly decreased in the silkworm-extract supplement groups compared to that in the diabetic control group. There was no significant difference in the glycogen contents in the liver and muscle among the groups. In conclusion, it was found that the silkworm-extract supplement repressed the disaccharidase activity in the small intestines mucosa of the C57BL/6J mice.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.33-49
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• 2008

Objectives In order to investigate the effects of Sansayukbokhap-bang (SSYBHB) on the hematological and histological changes. Methods C57BL/6 mice were fed with high fat diet. C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups and fed for 15weeks. Results 1. The body weight of SSYBHB intake mice was significantly lower than high fat diet group. 2. The final increase of body weight was decreased significantly. 3. The levels of ALT, AST, total cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, triglyceride, Leptin were decreased significantly. 4. The levels of creatinine were decreased but did not show significance. 5. The level of HDL-cholesterol and the expression of ${\beta}$3AR mRNA gene in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes were increased significantly. 6. Adipocytes' size was decreased significantly. 7. The expression of ${\beta}$3AR mRNA gene, Leptin mRNA gene and serotinin mRNA gene in Adipocytes tissue was decreased significantly. Conclusion Based on these results, it is proved that SSYBHB is effective on the therapy of obesity by referring to obese-gene and obese inhibitory. So, it is espected that the clinical application of SSYBHB can help the treatment of obesity.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.244-257
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• 2023

본 연구는 고지방식이를 섭취한 난소절제 쥐의 지방조직에서 제니스테인에 의한 지방조직감소와 항염증에 대한 운동의 영향을 조사하였다. 고지방식이를 섭취한 쥐(C)에 비해 제니스테인 단독처리(G)와 운동 단독처리(Ex)는 지방조직무게, 지방세포 크기 및 혈청 속 포도당과 유리 지방산 수치를 감소시켰으며, 이러한 현상은 제니스테인과 운동을 동시처리(G/Ex) 하였을 경우 더 효과적으로 감소하였다. 지방조직에서 C에 비해 G와 Ex의 지방생성 유전자와 염증성 사이토카인 유전자의 발현은 모두 감소하였고, 특히 이러한 유전자의 감소 현상은 G와 Ex 각각 보다 G/Ex에서 더욱 효과적이었다. 따라서 본 연구는 고지방식이를 섭취한 난소절제 쥐에서 제니스테인과 운동의 동시처리는 제니스테인 단독처리에 비해 더 효과적으로 비만과 지방조직 염증을 개선하였으며 이것은 지방생성 유전자를 긍정적으로 조절한 결과임을 밝혔다. 본 연구는 제니스테인의 항비만과 지방조직 항염증에 대해 운동이 유익한 영향을 미친다는 것을 제안한다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.101-113
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• 2014

Objective : Ephedra Herba has been widely used for patients with common cold, asthma in eastern countries, especially china japan and korea. Recently it has been also used for obesity in clinic with high frequency. This study was designed to investigate the effects of Ephedra Herba ethyl-acetate fraction (EEAF) on hyperlipidemic mice. Method : Effects on total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALT, fasting blood glucose in serum were measured in this experiment, and in addition, histopathological and gene expression changes in liver tissue was also observed. Results : In our study, EEAF did not affect weight gain in hyperlipidemic mice. Oral administration of EEAF lowered levels of total cholesterol which were elevated by induction of hyperlipidemia. And administration of EEAF lowered fasting blood glucose significantly. By carrying out ontological analysis, large numbers of genes were identified in up or down regulated genes. The expression of the genes that were altered in response to high-fat diet was restored to normal levels in EEAF treated mice, with a recovery rate of 49%. And it was considered that fatty acid metabolism was one of important key pathway of the recovery. Conclusion : Results in our study suggest that EEAF can prevent obese and through regulation of dyslipidemia and hyperglycaemia.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.364-369
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• 2008

Anti-hyperlipidemic effect of red ginseng (RG; the steamed root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and Crataegii fructus (CF, the fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida BGE), which are used frequently in China and Korea as herbal medicines to treat arteriosclerosis, were investigated. Treatments of RG and CF significantly reduced blood triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels in Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic mice and serum TG levels in corn oil-induced hypertriglyceridemic mice. Ginsenoside Rg3 and ursolic acid, the main constituents of RG and CF, respectively, also reduced TG and TC levels in hyperlipidemic mice. RG and CF significantly lowered the high blood TG and TC levels and body and epididymal mass weights induced by long-term feeding of a high-fat diet and increased the high-fat diet-induced decrease in blood HDL cholesterol levels. RG and Rg3 reduced the blood TC levels more than CF and ursolic acid. However, blood TG level were reduced by CF and ursolic acid more than RG and Rg3. RG, CF, and their constituents also inhibited pancreatic lipase and HMG-CoA reductase activities. The most potent inhibitor was Rg3. These findings suggest that RG and CF may be suitable for the therapies of hypercholesterolemia and triglyceridemia, respectively.

• 생약학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.346-353
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• 2014

This study was performed to investigate the effects of cell-wall broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum on the lipid accumulation and body weight reduction in C57BL/6J mice. Six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 5 groups and assigned to one of these groups; normal chew diet(Nor) group, high-fat diet(HFD) group, HFD plus spores of Ganoderma lucidum 800 mg/kg/day (HFD + GS/B) group, HFD plus cell-wall broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum 400 mg/kg/day (HFD + BGS/A) group and finally HFD plus cell-wall broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum 800mg/kg/day (HFD + BGS/B). The experimental groups which were treated oral co-administration with cell-wall broken(or original) spores of Ganoderma lucidum and HFD significantly attenuated accumulative body weight gain, compared with HFD group. Administration of these experimental materials also resulted in significant reduction not only the serum levels of total cholesterol, homocysteine but also the lipid accumulation in liver tissue. But in the almost of results the cell-wall broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum were evaluated superior than the original one. These results indicate that cell-wall broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum may inhibit the lipid accumulation in blood as well as liver tissue. Therefore it may be a valuable candidate for the therapy preventing obese induced hyperlipidemic symptoms.

• Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2016

Background: Excess energy supply induces chronic low-grade inflammation in association with oxidative stress in various tissues including intestinal epithelium. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) on intestinal cell membrane integrity and intestinal tumorigenesis in $Apc^{Min/+}$ mice. Methods: Mice were fed with either normal diet (ND) or HFD for 12 weeks. The number of intestinal tumors were counted and biomarkers of endotoxemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation were determined. Changes in intestinal integrity was measured by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran penetration and membrane gap junction protein expression. Results: HFD group had significantly higher number of tumors compared to ND group (P < 0.05). Blood total antioxidant capacity was lower in HFD group, while colonic 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine level, a marker of oxidative damage, was higher in HFD group compared to that of ND group (P < 0.05). The penetration of FITC-dextran was substantially increased in HFD group (P < 0.05) while the expressions of membrane gap junction proteins including zonula occludens-1, claudin-1, and occludin were lower in HFD group (P < 0.05) compared to those in ND group. Serum concentration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor (CD14) and colonic toll-like receptor 4 (a LPS receptor) mRNA expression were significantly higher in HFD group than in ND group (P < 0.05), suggesting that significant endotoxemia may occur in HFD group due to the increased membrane permeability. Serum interleukin-6 concentration and myeloperoxidase activity were also higher in HFD group compared to those of ND group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: HFD increases oxidative stress disrupting intestinal gap junction proteins, thereby accelerating membrane permeability endotoxemia, inflammation, and intestinal tumorigenesis.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

■ Objectives This study was designed to investigate the effects of Ephedra Herba hexane fraction on lipid levels in serum and lipid accumulation in liver tissue in Hyperlipidemic mice. ■ Methods Hyperlipidemia was induced by providing high fat diet for 4 weeks. Normal group was provided with normal diet. CTL groupwas provided with high fat diet. Ephedra Herba hexane fraction group was provieded with high fat diet and administered orally in the concentration of 1.5mg/kg body weight/day for 2 weeks. In this experiment, effects on total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALT, fasting blood glucose in serum were measured. In addition histopathological changes in liver tissue were also observed. ■ Results Ephedra Herba hexane fraction did not affects weight gain, serum AST and ALT in hyperlipidemic mice. Oral administration of Ephedra Herba hexane fraction lowered levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride, which were elevated by induction of hyperlipidemia. In addition, Ephedra Herba hexane fraction group showed downward tendency of lipid accumulation compared with CTL group. Finally, administration of Ephedra Herba hexane fraction lowered fasting blood glucose significantly. And Ephedra Herba hexane fraction also ameliorates anti-oxidative stress systems in internal organs which play key role in disease prevention. ■ Conclusion These results suggest that Ephedra Herba hexane fraction can prevent lipid accumulation in liver tissue through regulation of dyslipidemia and hyperglycaemia.