C57BL/6J mice have been widely used as a diet-induced obesity model because they trigger common features of the human metabolic syndrome. In the present study, C57BL/6J male mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) or normal diet (ND) during a 24-week period, and then the age-dependent liver proteome of mice in two groups was analyzed using 2-DE combined with MALDI-TOF-MS. Among identified proteins, up-regulated proteins were subdivided to early (during the first 4 weeks) and late (20~24 weeks) markers that played a role in diet-induced obesity development. Important early markers included ketohexokinase and prohibitin, and late markers included the 75 kDa glucose-regulated protein, citrate synthase, and selenium-binding liver protein. Of these, the 75 kDa glucosere-gulated protein has already been linked to obesity; however, prohibitin protein involved in obesity was identified for the first time in this study. In order to validate the proteomic results and gain insight into metabolic changes between the two groups, we further confirmed the expression pattern of some proteins of interest by Western blot analysis. Combined results of proteomic analysis with Western blot analysis revealed that antioxidant enzymes were progressively decreased, whereas cytoskeletal proteins were time-dependently increased in HFD mice.
Objectives : This study anus to investigate the effects of Rosa Rugosae Radix (RU) herbal acupuncture on the metabolic syndrome in high-fat diet-fed mice. Methods : The experimental groups were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks to induce metabolic syndrome. During the induction of metabolic syndrome, RU herbal acupuncture at a dosage of 50 mg/kg was carried out on the point of Sinsu(BL23) every day to measure the body weight, feed efficiency, blood glucose levels, insulin resistance index, lipid levels, blood pressure, and weight of liver and adipose tissues (brown adipose tissue from interscapular fat and white adipose tissue from epididymal fat). And after five weeks' induction of metabolic syndrome, RU herbal acupuncture was also performed for 6 weeks to measure the body weight and blood glucose levels. Results: 1. RU herbal acupuncture inhibited increasing body weight and blood glucose levels, with improved insulin resistance. 2. RU herbal acupuncture inhibited increasing levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and free fatty acid, while increased HDL-cholesterol levels. 3. RU herbal acupuncture activated anti-hypertensive action. 4. RU herbal acupuncture inhibited increasing weight of white adipose tissues, but not in brown adipose tissues and liver. 5. RU herbal acupuncture lowered blood glucose levels and inhibited increasing body weight in metabolic syndrome-induced ICR mice. Conclusion : Rosa Rugosae Radix (RU) herbal acupuncture showed effectiveeness in prevention and management of metabolic syndrome in clinical application.
Objectives : This study aims to analyze the anti-obesity effect of Syzygium aromaticum L. (SA) in obese mice made by a 60% high-fat diet (HFD). Methods : The antioxidant activities of SA were evaluated in vitro. To assess the anti-obesity effect of SA, male C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups: Normal, Control, GC100 (Garcinia cambogia 100 mg/kg/day), SA100 (SA 100 mg/kg/day), SA200 (SA 200 mg/kg/day). All groups underwent a 6-week regimen of HFD and oral administration, except for the Normal group. Subsequently, we performed blood analysis, western blotting, and histopathological staining. Results : SA demonstrated effectiveness in antioxidant measurements. SA treatment resulted in a significant decrease in body weight gain, along with reductions in liver and epididymal fat weights. Serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and leptin levels were reduced with SA treatment. Moreover, in the SA100 group, the reduction of both TG and TC synthesis was caused by inhibiting the sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP-1) and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 2 (SREBP-2) through the Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1)/phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) pathway. Furthermore, SA treatment at a dose of 100 mg/kg reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver and the adipocyte size of the epididymal fat. Conclusion : Our research reveals the anti-obesity effects of SA by demonstrating its ability to inhibit body weight gain and lipid accumulation, suggesting that SA might be promising for obesity treatment.
This study was conducted to investigate the anti-obesity effect of Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus After inducing obesity by feeding hight fat diet (diet induced obesity model: DIO) for four weeks, each 8 rats were assigned to normal (Nor), high fat diet (HF), high fat diet containing orlistat (PC), high fat diet containing different concentration of Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus (UPDM_L, UPDM_H) and Discorea Japonica Thunb. (UPD) extract. Although the UPD, UPDM_L (ultrafine pulverized Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus: 400 mg/kg) and UPDM_H (DIO oral administration ultrafine pulverized Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus: 800 mg/kg) showed weight gain inhibition effects, the results of poor obesity inhibition rather than PC were confirmed. However, it showed a more effective weight loss effect in UPDM_H than UPD, and significantly reduced the weight of epididymal fat and subcutaneous fat. Furthermore, the possibility of anti-obesity effects of Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus can be confirmed by observing the effects of reducing serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL concentrations, reducing ALT and AST levels, and inhibiting fat build-up in liver tissue. It is believed that Discorea Japonica Thunb. fermented with Monascus can be expected to utilize as a functional material that is important to improve anti-obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Objective: This study investigated the effects of Bimanbang-1 (肥滿1號方: here in after referred to BMB-1) on the obese gene and obese inhibitory. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were induced by high fat diet. Mice were divided into three groups (normal, high fat diet with control, high fat diet with BMB-1 extract) and fed for 15 weeks. Items of this experimental study are as follows: body weight change, final body weight, the weight change of the adipocytes in body, the level change of LFT, NEFA and creatinine, the expression of ${\beta}3AR$ and leptin gene in primary adipocytes, the production change of leptin in primary adipocytes, the expression of ${\beta}3AR$, leptin and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in adipocytes tissue. Result: 1. All experimental groups showedthat the weight change decreased considerably and the high density group showedthat the final weight decreased considerably. 2. The high density group showed that the amount of the adipocyte in weight decreased considerably. 3. All experimental groups showedthat the amount of ALT decreased considerably, and AST decreased in the high density group. However, the amount of creatinine and glucose did not increase considerably. 4. All experimental groups showed that the amount of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, and NEFA decreased, and HDL-cholesterol increased considerably. 5. The high density groups showedthat the amount of leptin decreased considerably. 6. All experimental groups showed that the revelation of ${\beta}3AR$ in primary adipose cell and 3T3-L1 cell increased considerably, and that the revelation of leptin and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in primary adipose cellsand 3T3-L1 cells decreased considerably. 7. All experimental groups showed that the size of adipocyte in adipocytes tissue decreased. 8. All experimental groups showed that the adipose vacuoles in liver tissue decreased considerably. Conclusion: The findings suggest that Bimanbang-1 causes weight loss and histological change, thus it may be effective to treat obesity.
Kim, Sung Jin;Lee, Hyun Jong;Lee, Bong Hyo;Lee, Yun Kyu;Lim, Seong Chul;Jung, Tae Young;Kim, Jae Soo
Journal of Acupuncture Research
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v.30
no.3
/
pp.75-85
/
2013
Objectives : The purpose on this study is to show the anti-obesity effect of Eugenia caryophyllata $T_{HUNB.}$ pharmacopuncture in mice fed a high fat diet. Methods : Male ICR mice were divided into three groups, which were fed a normal AIN diet(N), a high fat diet(CT), a high fat diet and injected with 50 mg/kg of Eugenia caryophyllata $T_{HUM.}$ pharmacopuncture(EC) for 8 weeks. Results : 1. The levels of body weight gains were significantly increased in CT compared with N and decreased in EC compared with CT. 2. The levels of absolute liver weight and adipose-tissue weight were significantly decreased in EC compared with CT. The levels of relative adipose-tissue weight were significantly decreased in EC compared with CT. 3. The levels of total cholesterol(TG), triglycerid(TC), high density lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol and low density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol were significantly increased in CT compared with N and decreased in EC compared with CT. The levels of HDL/LDL ratio were shown there were no significant differences in all groups. 4. The levels of adiponectin in serum were remarkably decreased in CT compared with N and significantly increased in EC compared with CT. 5. The levels of measuring adipocyte number in adipose tissue was significantly decreased in CT compared with N and increased in EC compared with CT. Conclusions : These results suggest that Eugenia Caryophyllata $T_{HUNB.}$ has an anti-obesity effect in mice and that the effect is mediated by inhibition of fat gain.
Lee, Hye Rim;Ahn, Ye Ji;Lee, Hee Young;Lee, Hyung Hee;Kim, Dong Yeo;Yoon, Mi Chung;Lee, Yong Tae;Shin, Soon Shik
Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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v.27
no.1
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pp.99-106
/
2013
We investigated the effects of gambigyeongsinhwan(GGH)(4) on body weight and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) examined whether blood total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, free fatty acid and triglyceride levels and hepatic lipid accumulation are inhibited by it in high fat diet-fed obese male mice. 8 weeks old, high fat diet-fed obese male mice were divided into 5 groups: C57BL/6N normal, control, GGH(4)-1, GGH(4)-2 and GGH(4)-3. After mice were treated with GGH(4) for 8 weeks, we measured body weight gain, food intake, feeding efficiency ratio, fat weight, plasma ALT, leptin and lipid levels. We also did histological analysis for liver and fat on the mice. Compared with controls, GGH(4)-treated mice had lower body weight gain and adipose tissue weight, the magnitudes of which were prominent in GGH(4)-2. Compared with controls, GGH(4)-treated mice had lower feeding efficiency ratio and blood leptin level, the magnitudes of which was prominent in GGH(4)-2. Compared with controls, GGH(4)-treated mice had lower blood plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, free fatty acid and triglyceride levels. Compared with controls, GGH(4)-2 treated mice had lower blood plasma ALT concentration. Consistent with their effects on body weight gain, the size of adipocytes were significantly decreased by GGH(4), whereas the adipocyte number per unit area was significantly increased, suggesting that GGH(4) decreased the number of large adipocytes. Hepatic lipid accumulation was decreased by GGH(4). In conclusion, these results suggest that GGH(4) exhibits anti-obesity effects through the modulation of feeding efficiency ratio and plasma obesity parameters. Moreover, it seems that GGH(4) also contributes to improve NAFLD through the regulation of plasma ALT and hepatic triglyceride accumulation.
Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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2012.05a
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pp.15-15
/
2012
Obesity is a physical condition that results from excessive storage of fat in the body. The present study examined the anti-obesity effects of the selected natural medicine, Galla rhois extract (GRE) and solvent fractions on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and in vivo studies. Here, we show that EtOAc fraction of Galla rhois inhibits the differentiation of the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes induced by differentiated medium in a dose-dependent manner. To investigate the effect of the GRE-EtOAc fraction on obesity in high fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice, which included a normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD+GRE concentration-dependent, were fed to the mice for 6 weeks. The GRE-EtOAc fraction was inhibited the highest adipocyte differentiation in vitro, the GRE supplement significantly decreased body weight and visceral fat mass compared to the HFD group. The total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the plasma were significantly decreased by GRE supplementation compared with those of the HFD group. Also, we aimed to determine the differentiation inhibition and the modulation of differentiation genes brought about by the Galla rhois in adipocyte. A cDNA microarray-based method was introduced for the high contents screening (HCS) of gene expressions. This technology has revolutionized gene expression studies by providing the means to measure mRNA levels in thousands of genes simultaneously in simple and complex biological samples. 13 genes were founded to be affected in their expression levels by more than 5-fold up-regulation after 4 days treatment with the EtOAc fraction from Galla rhois. Otherwise, 21 genes were founded to be affected in their expression levels by more than 5-fold down-regulation treated with the EtOAc fraction. Therefore, Galla rhois extract may be considered for use in a therapeutic agent to control obesity.
Objectives This experimental study was designed to investigate the effect of Phaseolus angularis shell on metabolic syndrome. Methods Each 5 C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to normal diet group, high-fat diet(HFD) control group, high-fat diet plus 15.6 mg/kg/day of Orlistat(HFD-Orlistat) group, high-fat diet plus 100mg/kg/day of Phaseolus angularis shell extract(HFD-PAS_E) group. Weight, the blood chemical and hematologic parameter was med. The mRNA expression was assayed through Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results In HFD-PAS_E group, the body weight gain, weight of liver, and the level of LDL-Cholesterol were significantly decreased and the level of HDL-Cholesterol were significantly increased. The size of adipocyte in HFD-PAS_E group was smaller than HFD group's. In HFD-PAS_E group, the expression of leptin, PPAR-${\gamma}$, AP2/FABP4 mRNA in liver adipocyte tissue was decreased, the expression of Adiponectin, UCP-2 mRNA in liver adipocyte tissue was increased and the expression of Leptin, C/EBP-a, AP2/FABP4 mRNA in epididymal adipocyte tissue was decreased. Conclusion These results suggest that Phaseolus angularis shell has inhibitory effects on metabolic syndrome by reducing the body weight and the levels of lipid contents in high-fat-diet induced obese mice.
Chung, Soo Im;Lee, Sang Chul;Yi, Seong Joon;Kang, Mi Young
Nutrition Research and Practice
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v.12
no.5
/
pp.365-370
/
2018
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress is a major cause of cancer. This study investigated the effects of the ethanol extracts from germinated and non-germinated Keunnunjami rice, a blackish-purple pigmented cultivar with giant embryo, on selected human cancer cell lines and on the antioxidant defense system of mice fed with a high-fat diet. MATERIALS/METHODS: High fat-fed mice were orally administered with either distilled water (HF) or extracts (0.25%, w/w) from brown (B), germinated brown (GB), Keunnunjami (K), and germinated Keunnunjami (GK) rice. RESULTS: In comparison with the brown rice extract, Keunnunjami extract showed higher anticancer effect against cervical and gastric cell lines but lower anticancer activity on liver and colon cancer cells. Mice from the HF group showed significantly higher lipid peroxidation and lower antioxidant enzyme activities than the control group. However, the oxidative stress induced by high-fat diet markedly decreased in B, GB, K, and GK groups as compared with the HF group. CONCLUSIONS: Germination may be an effective method for improving the anticancer and antioxidative properties of Keunnunjami rice and extracts from germinated Keunnunjami rice may serve as a therapeutic agent against cervical and gastric cancers and oxidative damage.
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