• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2005

This study has been carried out to investigate the microstructure of austempered high carbon cast steel with the variation of silicon and heat treatment conditions. The results show that an lower ausferritic structure is formed at the low austemepring temperature ($250{\sim}300^{\circ}C$) and an upper ausferritic structure is formed at the high austemepring temperature ($350{\sim}400^{\circ}C$). As an austempering temperature increased, the retained austenite volume fraction increased, however hardness decreased. Also, as a silicon content increased, the precipitation of cementite was suppressed, therefore 2nd reaction of autempering transformation was delayed.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.16-26
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• 1988

The effect of carbon content on hot cracking of welded carbon steel was investigated Eight steel plates whose carbon content range from 0.02 to 0.23 percent were welded by autogeous gas tungsten are process. Constant strain was applied to the hot crack test specimen under the strain rate of 0.15 mm per second during welding. The hot cracking susceptibility ws high in the rnage of 0.02-0.05 and 0.12-0.23 percent carbon contents. The critical carbon content immune to hot cracking is in the range from 0.07 to 0.12 percent carbon. By electron probe microanalyser, amanganese segregation was not seen significantly in the whole carbon range. But segregation of silicon was higher in the region of low carbon contents. However, sulphur was segregated remarkably in the region betwen 0.18 and 0.23 percent carbon by peritectic reaction. Very smal lamount of dnedritic structure was observed in the region from 0.02 to 0.05 percent carbon by peritectic reaction. Very small amount of dendritic structure was observed in the region from 0.02 to 0.05 percent carbon but the predominant solidification structure was smooth by cellular growth. The higher the carbon content is, the more the columnar dendritic structure was observed.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.123-127
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• 2005

0.8wt.% C과 $0.75{\sim}3.2$(0.75, 1, 1.26, 1.44, 1.89, 2.1, 2.46, 2.94, 3.22)wt.% Si을 함유한 고탄소 고실리콘 강에서 Si의 함량이 미세조직과 processing window에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 열처리는 $940^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 동안 오스테나이징을 실시한 후, $320^{\circ}C$에서 $0.2{\sim}300$분 동안 오스템퍼링을 하였다. 미세조직에서, 0.75 wt.% Si을 함유한 강에서 국부적으로 오스페라이트(ausferrite)가 존재하는 것을 확인하였다. Processing window는 경도 및 XRD 측정으로 결정하였다. $t_{1}$은 Si의 함량이 2.5 wt.% 이하에서는 거의 변화가 없다가,2.5 wt.% 이상에서는 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 반면, $t_{2}$는 Si의 함량이 증가함에 따라 연속적으로 증가하였다. 즉, 0.8 wt.% C을 함유한 강에서 processing window는 Si의 함량이 약 2.5 wt.%일 때 열렸다.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.151-156
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• 2010

The high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels have low carbon contents (0.05~0.25% C) in order to produce adequate formability and weldability, and they have manganese contents up to 1.7%. Small quantities of silicon, chromium, nickel, copper, aluminum, molybdenum are used in various combinations. The results contained in this paper can provide the valuable information on the development of $-40^{\circ}C$ low temperature HSLA. Furthermore, the present experimental data will provide important database for casting steel materials of the offshore structure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.109-118
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• 2004

No.2 PCM (Pickling and tandem cold rolling mill) at Pohang works was revamped in 2003. The purpose of this project is to produce carbon and stainless steel using conventional carbon production process, rolling and annealing. This paper introduces the applied facilities and technologies of PCM which are used in production of carbon and stainless steel. To realize the main purpose of this project, POSCO have developed laser weld technology in normal carbon and special steel (stainless, high carbon and high silicon). And this report describes the method which is developed to get down the surface defect of stainless 400 series. After revamping, No.2 PCM can have competitive power in this field and can supply the special steel using carbon rolling process.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.83-89
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• 2007

It is expected that advanced high strength steels (AHSS) would be widely used for vehicles with better performance in automotive industries. One of distinctive features of AHSS is the high value of carbon equivalent (Ceq), which results in the different properties in formability, weldability and paintability from those of common grade of steel sheets. There is an exponential relation between Ceq and electric resistance, which seems also to have correlation with the thickness of electric deposition (ED) coat. Higher value of Ceq of AHSS lower the thickness of ED coat of AHSS. Some elements of AHSS such as silicon, if it is concentrated on the surface, affect negatively the formation of phosphates. In this case, silicon itself doesn't affect the phosphate, but its oxide does. This phenomenon is shown dramatically in the welding area. Arc welding or laser welding melts the base material. In the process of cooling of AHSS melt, the oxides of Si and Mn are easily concentrated on the surface of boundary between welded and non‐welded area because Si and Mn could be oxidized easier than Fe. More oxide on surface results in poor phosphating and ED coating. This is more distinctive in AHSS than in mild steel. General results on paintability of AHSS would be reported, being compared to those of mild steel.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.426-431
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• 2008

The high-strength low-alloy(HSLA) steels have low carbon contents($0.05{\sim}0.25%$ C) in order to produce adequate formability and weldability, and they have manganese contents up to 1.7%. Small quantities of silicon, chromium, nickel, copper, aluminum, molybdenum are used in various combinations. The results contained in this paper can provide the valuable information on the development of $-40^{\circ}C$ low temperature HSLA. Furthermore, the present experimental data will provide important database for casting steel materials of the offshore structure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.259-263
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• 2004

In the manufacture progress of LCD or semiconductor, there are used many kinds of gas like erosion gas, dilution gas, toxic gas as a progress which used these gas there are required high puritize to increase accumulation rate of semiconductor or LCD materials work progress of semiconductor or LCD it demand many things like the material which could minimize metallic dust that could be occured by reaction between gas and transfer pipe laying material, illumination of the surface, emition of the gas, metal liquation, welding etc also demand quality geting stricted. Material-Low-sulfur-contend (0.007-0010), vacuum-arc-remelt(VAR), seamless, high-purity tubing material is recommend for enhance welding lower surface defect density All wetted stainless steel surface must be 316LSS elecrto polishinged with ${\leq}0.254{\mu}m$($10.0{\mu}in$) Ra average surface finish, $Cr/Fe{\geq}1.1$ and $Cr_2O_3$ thickness ${\geq}25{\AA}$ From the AES analytical the oxide layer thickness (23.5~36 angstroms silicon dioxide equivalent) and chromum to iron ratios is similar to those generally found on electropolished stainless steel., molybdenum and silicon contaminants ; elements characteristic of stainless steel (iron, nickel and chromium); and oxygen were found on the surface Phosphorus and nitrogen are common contaminants from the electropolish and passivation steps.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.52-57
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• 2004

Many kinds of gases, such as erosion gas, dilution gas, and toxic gas have been used in manufacturing process of LCD at semiconductor. In order to increase accumulation rate of manufacturing process, high degree of purity in these gases and minimized metalllic dust are required. All wetted stainless steel surface must be 316L electro-polished with $0254{\mu}m$ in average. Based on the AES analysis, Cr/Fe 11 and $Cr_2O_3$ thickness $25{\AA}$ are measured Molybdenum and silicon contaminants which is characteristic of stainless steel and oxygen were found on the surface.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.122-130
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• 2009

Austenitic oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) stainless steel was fabricated using a wet mixing process without a mechanical milling in order to reduce contaminations of impurities during their fabrication process. Solution of yttrium nitrate was dried after a wet mixing with 316L stainless steel powder. Carbon and oxygen contents were effectively reduced by this wet processing. Microstructural analysis showed that coarse yttrium silicates of about 150 nm were formed in austenitic ODS steels with a silicon content of about 0.8 wt%. Wet-processed austenitic ODS steel without silicon showed higher yield strength by the presence of finer oxide of about 20 nm.