• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.45-60
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• 2016

Elderly women have a high risk of falling down in their daily lives. The purpose of this study is to develop protective pants for elderly women, which will mitigate the impact of falls, and play a major role in reducing injuries. The two types of design were proposed for development of protective pants by selecting pad insertion point and inserting lining for keeping pad in place through the checklist to investigate from the interviews with the medical workers and the investigation of the user requirement. Design A has protective pads in the hip, hip joint, and knee, while design B has protective pads in the hip and hip joint area. For the impact absorbing material, CR (chloroprene rubber) foam was selected for its flexibility, lightness, and impact absorbing capacity, and its pad shapes were designed to produce much flexibility in consideration of the activity and human body fitness of the wearers. Three kinds of pad types, which are the cut type, the porous type, and the honeycomb type, were proposed, and were manufactured to fit into the protective parts according to their design types.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.286-296
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• 2020

Purpose: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children and adolescents is associated with high morbidity and possibly has a significant negative impact on their quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life of children and adolescents with IBD and define the variables that impact these individuals. Methods: We administered the Pediatric Quality of Life Questionnaire (PedsQL) to 35 children and adolescents diagnosed with IBD and with available quantitative data from clinical records on epidemiology, clinical evolution, complementary tests, medical interventions, and disease activity. Data were evaluated according to the IBD type and compared with a control group of healthy children. Results: The study group showed a significantly lower PedsQL score than the control group (p<0.01). Significant factors contributing to poor overall quality of life included female sex, Crohn's disease, surgery, and food restrictions. Symptoms such as diarrhea and the fear of using public toilets were associated with low physical scores. Feeling sick had a negative impact on the emotional PedsQL scores. Patients with a fear of using public toilets, anthropometric scores below the 3rd percentile, and greater disease activity scored lower in the social domain. Regarding school and psychosocial evaluations, younger children with symptom onset after the age of 2 years had lower scores than younger children with symptom onset before the age of 2 years. Conclusion: IBD negatively affects the quality of life of children and adolescents based on its impact on the physical, emotional, social, and psychosocial statuses of these patients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.378-392
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• 1991

A series of studies in monkeys and hamsters, and reevaluation of published human data, indicate that dietary saturated fatty acids exert a dissimilar metabolic impact on cholesterol metabolism. Myristic acid(14 : 0) appears to have a major cholesterol-raising effect by means of decreasing LDL receptor activity and by increasing the direct production of LDL (from sources other than VLDL-catabolism) Palmitic acid (16 : 0) appears neutral in most cases (plasma cholesterol<200mg/dl) or until the LDL receptor is down-regulated, as with high cholesterol intake or obesity. In such cases. the down-regulated LDL receptors coupled with an increased VLDL production (induced by 16 : 0 and 18 : 1) can divert VLDL remnants to LDL and expand the LDL pool. Furthermore. the cholesterolemic impact of any saturated fatty acid can be countered up to a saturable 'threshold' level by dietary linoleic acid (18 : 2) which up-regulates the LDL receptor. Once above this 'threshold' the major fatty acids (16 : 0, 18 : 0, 18 : 1, 18 : 2, 18 : 3) appear to exert an equal impact on the circulating cholesterol concentration.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.707-713
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• 2012

There are a lot of parameters affecting microbial acclimation/cultivation characteristics such as dynamic conditions, F/M ratio and substrate affinity. From the process control point of view, the effect of high salinity on the removal efficiencies of BOD and SS have been documented by few researchers. In this research, lab-scale CAS(Conventional Activated Sludge) process and modified $A_2O$(Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic) process were operated and monitored to evaluate the characteristics of microbial acclimation and cultivation under high salinity wastewater during the period of three weeks. As a result of acute microbial activity test(6hr) at various $Cl^-$ concentration, the appropriate $Cl^-$ concentration for microbial growth and acclimation ranged under 3,100 mg/l. As a result of acclimation/cultivation test, the trend of COD removal efficiency reduced gradually as time elapsed. It is considered that $NH_4$-N removal phenomenon of the conventional pollutants removal mechanisms gave little effect to the microbial acclimation/cultivation under high salinity wastewater.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.1087-1091
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• 2006

This paper describes the current spatial patterns of the net primary productivity (NPP) of the terrestrial vegetation and carbon emission (C) in the world due to the burning of fossil fuels in order to clarify the amount of expansion of human activity. The C/NPP value varies spatially from almost zero to several tens of thousand times the local NPP. C/NPP is higher under the condition of extensive human activities due to a high human population density or when the local NPP is extremely low in severe climatic zones. In contrast, the low C/NPP areas are distributed mainly in sparsely populated districts, loading to a low impact of human activity. Although the area where C/NPP is less than 10% accounts for about 70% of the entire land area, one-third of these areas cannot contribute to carbon absorption because of low NPP with a shortage of climatic resources. Since more than half of the areas of the remaining areas are agricultural land and forest ecosystems with high NPP, the possible afforestation area was evaluated to be maximum of $30{\times}10^{6}\;km^{2}$; here only sequestrate carbons that correspond to 2% of the global total NPP are present. These analyses revealed that presently most of the areas where the NPP is high are those exclusively used by humans and that it is difficult for large-scale forest plantations to absorb a substantial amount of the carbon emitted annually by humans.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 2022

Purpose: The small-scale environmental impact assessment conducted during the development project stage has focused on the preservation of the natural environment centered on non-urban areas, due to the nature of urbanization, health problems for citizens of high-density urban areas have a limitation in that they are relatively neglected. In the case of strategic environmental impact assessment and environmental impact assessment in urban areas, there is no basis for evaluation in urban areas because there are exceptions to be excluded from the target projects or there are no target project regulations for buildings. Therefore, in this research, we examined the problems with the target project such as the current environmental impact assessment, and tried to establish a system improvement plan that can solve them. Research design, data and methodology: After reviewing the current environmental impact assessment-related laws (including enforcement ordinances) and national land planning laws (including enforcement ordinances), exceptions such as environmental impact assessment in urban areas were identified and problems were identified. Based on this, an amendment to the Enforcement Decree was proposed to provide institutional support for the expansion of target projects such as environmental impact assessment in urban areas. Results and Conclusions: Through this research, it is expected that the projects subject to environmental impact assessment on development projects in urban areas directly related to the health of the people will be expanded, and the net function of the environmental impact assessment system will be maximized.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of modified swing to prevent shoulder injury by analyzing differences in the muscle activation patterns of upper limb by the swing method in wheelchair badminton players. Research design, data, and methodology: 10 wheelchair badminton players participated in the experiment as subjects and performed 10 high clears and 10 smashes in both traditional and modified swing methods toward a shuttlecock hung at the height of racket impact point. For each trial, activation patterns of biceps brachii, triceps brachii, anterior deltoid, and posterior deltoid were measured from the upper limb participating in the swing from which the duration, peak, and root mean square (RMS) of electromyography (EMG) activities from swing initiation to shuttle impact were calculated. The maximum swing velocity of the smash and the distance of the high clear were also measured with both methods to compare differences in the swing velocity and shuttle hit distance. Results: Differences in the EMG peak and RMS of the anterior deltoid by swing methods were shown to differ by the skill type, being higher in the traditional swing method than the modified during only the high clear. The EMG peak and RMS, and the duration of the posterior deltoid were higher and longer with the traditional swing method than the modified during both the smash and high clear. The intensities of the biceps brachii and triceps brachii activities measured during the smash and high clear were higher in the traditional swing method than the modified, and the biceps brachii and triceps activity durations during the high clear were shorter in the modified swing method than the traditional. The maximum swing velocity of the smash was faster with the traditional swing method than the modified, while the distance of the high clear did not differ significantly. Conclusions: These results suggest that the modified swing can be an effective performance method for preventing shoulder injuries without undue loss of impact power in wheelchair badminton players by reducing excessive loads imposed on the shoulder and allowing the optimal use of the elbow extension.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.269-275
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• 2012

Carbon-fiber reinforced plastic(CFRP) laminates made of nano-particle-coated carbon fibers and damaged by a simulated lightning strike were tested under compression-after-impact(CAI) mode, during which the damage progress due to compressive loading has been monitored by acoustic emission(AE). The impact damage was induced not by mechanical loading but by a simulated lightning strike. Conductive nano-particles were coated directly on the fibers, from which CFRP coupons were made. The coupon were subjected to the strikes with a high voltage/current impulse of 10~40 kA within a few ${\mu}s$. The effects of nano-particle coating and the degree of damage induced by the simulated lightning strikes on AE activities were examined, and the relationship between the compressive residual strength and AE behavior has been evaluated in terms of AE event counts and the onset of AE activity with the compressive loading. The degree of impact damage was also measured in terms of damage area by using ultrasonic C-scan images. The assessment during the CAI tests of damaged CFRP showed that AE monitoring appeared to be useful to differentiate the degree of damage hence the mechanical integrity of composite structures damaged by lightning strikes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1432-1438
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• 2015

Although exercise training has been utilized to improve vascular function in animals and humans, the impact of moderate intensity exercise training on fibrinolytic activities and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability has not been well documented. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine the impact of moderate intensity aerobic exercise training on fat mass, blood lipid profiles, fibrinolytic activity, and NO levels in high-fat-diet induced rats. The body weight, fat mass, blood lipid profiles, fibrinolytic activity, and nitrite/nitrate were measured pre- and postexercise (10 weeks) training. The body weight and fat mass reduced significantly in the exercise (EX) group compared to the control (CON) group. Blood lipid profiles and low-density lipoprotein were unchanged in the EX group compared to the CON group. However, triglyceride and free fatty acid were significantly lower in the EX group compared to the CON group, and high-density lipoprotein was significantly greater in the EX group compared to the CON group. In addition, fibrinolytic activity and nitrite/nitrate were significantly greater in the EX compared to the CON group. These results suggest that 10 weeks of the moderated intensity aerobic exercise training improves blood lipid profiles, fibrinolytic activity, and the nitrite/nitrate ratio, which may improve vascular health and reduce obesity-related cardiovascular disease risks in high-fat- diet induced rats.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.37-47
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• 2005

Teaching ICT skills in extracurricular activity classes of commercial high school helps to bridge the digital divide of the students at the minimum cost, and gives them a chance of getting ICT-related licenses. The purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of satisfaction and planned behavior toward computer classes, offered as extracurricular activities in commercial high schools. A survey methodology was used to investigate a proposed model of influence, and regression analysis was used to analyze the results. The hypothesized model was largely supported by this analysis, and the overall results indicate that the intention to participate in the class is mostly influenced by the expected social effect, individual impact and playfulness from the class. In addition, it was found that the learning environment influences the level of playfulness and social effect, and that the contents quality has some impact on the level of the ease of study and playfulness. Useful suggestions for promoting computer classes as extracurricular activities in commercial high schools are also provided.