• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.111-122
• /
• 2024

본 연구에서는 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)에서 N-(4-(4-Fluorophenoxy)-3-methylphenyl) acetamide 주사 투여에 따른 넙치 비장의 NK cell 활성을 평가하기 위하여 120, 150, 200 mg/kg 용량으로 설정하고 3일에 1회, 30일 동안 총 10회의 주사를 투여하였다. 표적세포(Target cell)로는 쥐의 임파종 세포인 YAC-1 cell과 넙치의 HINAE cell을 사용하였고, 넙치 비장의 NK cell과의 공배양 시간은 4시간과 18시간을 선정하여 실험을 실시하였다. YAC-1 cell을 사용하여 실험의 경우 4시간과 18시간 공배양 실험 모두 200 mg/kg 용량 구간의 실험군에서 가장 높은 세포독성을 대조군 대비 최대 3.06배 높은 세포독성을 보였다. HINAE cell을 사용한 실험의 경우 4시간 공배양한 실험에서만 유의적인 차이를 보였으며, YAC-1 cell과 마찬가지로 200 mg/kg 용량 구간의 실험군에서 가장 높은 세포 독성을 보여 대조군 대비 2.3배 높은 세포독성을 보였다. 추가적으로 넙치의 두신 조직에서 IL-12b의 발현량을 확인하였고, 세포독성 실험과 일치하는 결과를 보였고, 200 mg/kg 용량 구간의 실험군에서 가장 높은 발현량을 보여 대조군과 비교하여 6.62배 높은 수치를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 N-(4-(4-Fluorophenoxy)-3-methylphenyl) acetamide가 넙치의 NK cell 활성에 영향을 줄 수 있다는 것을 보여준다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제35권3호
• /
• pp.477-485
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 특성화 고등학교 학생들을 대상으로 물리 교과서에 제시된 인포그래픽 자료들을 활용하여 시각적 사고에 기반한 인포그래픽 활용 수업을 실시하고, 그 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 각 60명의 학생들을 실험집단과 통제집단으로 나누고, 실험집단에 '인포그래픽 개념형성, 인포그래픽 이해활동, 인포그래픽 구성활동'으로 구성된 25차시의 수업을 실시하였고, 통제집단에는 일반적인 강의식 수업을 진행하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학생들이 구성한 인포그래픽의 특징은 '단순 배치'에서 '단순 재구성', '일러스트형'에서 '비교분석형'으로 표현 방식이 변화되었는데, 이는 구성 횟수 증가에 따른 학생들의 시각적 사고의 활성화에 의한 것이다. 둘째, 인포그래픽 활용 수업으로 인해 시각적 사고는 이해도, 가시도, 유용성, 소통성 영역에서 유의미하게 향상되었다. 셋째, 인포그래픽 활용 수업 후 실험집단의 성취도 평균 점수가 유의미하게 향상되었다. 넷째, 과학적 태도 검사에서는 '과학자의 평범성, 과학적 탐구의 태도, 과학적 태도의 수용' 영역에서 유의미한 향상이 있었다. 이상과 같은 연구 결과로부터, 인포그래픽 활용 수업은 학생들의 시각적 사고력 향상을 통해 과학 개념 이해, 의사소통력이 높아져 학업성취도와 과학적 태도에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of stem materials such as black stem on the quality of expended stem and cigarettes. Normal and black stem were separated by tobacco scan and then, those stems were expanded after treating with their respective stem casings. Total sugar, ether extract, ash contents and pH were slightly low in black stem compared with normal stem. However, the number of bacteria and fungi ratio were remarkably higher in black stem than that of normal stem. As compared with normal stems, ratio of rushed stem in rolled process was approximately 2 times higher in black stem with the consequency that the filling capacity of black stem was decreased. The ratio of large particles (> 3.35 mm) of expanded black stem showed decreasing tendency and small particles rate (1.40 mm <) was increased compared with normal stem. When expanded stems were prepared using stem containing 5 levels (0, 10, 20, 30 and 100 %) of black stem, the filling capacity was decreased and static burning rate was significantly decreased with increasing expanded black stem rate. However, the weight and hardness of cigarettes were slightly increased with increasing expanded black stem rate. The contents of phenol compounds, aromatic amines and carbonyl compounds in the cigarette mainstream smoke from the cigarette which was manufactured with various ratio of expended black stem, were gradually increased with increasing expanded black stem rates. Also, the cytotoxicity and the mutagenicity of the TPM were significantly increased with increasing expanded black stem rate. The sensory test result showed that cigarettes blended with 10 and 30 % level of black stem rate was exhibited significantly high sensory attributions such as off-taste, impact, hotness, bitterness and irritation as compared with cigarette blended with normal stem, while smoke fullness and cleanness were slightly decreased with increasing expanded black stem rates. The number of brown spots on cigarettes paper was 2 to 3 times high in cigarettes containing black stem than that of cigarette made from normal stem and were high with increasing black stem rate. The overall assessment in this study suggest, that black stem should not be used because of bad quality of expanded stem and high toxicological activity of cigarette mainstream smoke.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.959-976
• /
• 2004

이 연구의 목적은 공룡 멸종 원인이라는 소재로 학생들의 생각을 조사하고, 이 생각과 일치하지 않는 대안적 가설을 제시하여 반응 유형을 분류하고 인지갈등과 개념 변화 정도를 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 경기도 안양시에 소재한 인문계 고등학교 2학년 187명의 학생을 대상으로 설문 조사하여 개념을 알아보고, 이 중 개념에 대한 신뢰 정도가 높게 나타난 98명의 학생들을 대상으로 대안적 가설을 제시한 후, 반응 유형 검사지를 이용하여 응답을 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째 공룡 멸종 원인으로 대규모 운석 충돌이 가장 많았으며, 지각 변동에 의한 기후 변화(기온저하), 대규모 화산 분출, 먹이 부족, 질병(바이러스), 서식지 감소 순으로 응답하였다. 또한, 공룡 멸종은 단순히 한 가지 원인에 의한 것이 아니라 여러 가지 원인이 복합적으로 작용하여 멸종하였다고 생각하고 있다. 둘째, 대안적 가설에 대한 학생들의 반응은 거부, 재해석, 판단 불확실, 신뢰 감소, 부분적 이론 변화, 이론 변화 등 6가지의 유형으로 분류할 수 있었다. 셋째, 거부와 재해석 유형을 제외한 나머지 유형은 인지갈등이 유발된 것으로 분류하였으며, 전체적으로 62.3%가 인지갈등이 유발되어 6.1%의 개념 변화를 보였다.

• 대한통합의학회지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.87-97
• /
• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on the lower extremity function of stroke patients. Methods : Domestic data were gathered from studies that conducted clinical trials associated with transcranial direct current stimulation and its impact on lower extremity function of stroke patients. A total of 592 studies published between 2012 and 2020 were identified, with 7 studies satisfying the inclusion data. The studies consisted of patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO) data. The search outcomes were items associated with muscle activity, balance, muscle strength and walking ability. Cochrane risk of bias (ROB) was used to evaluate the quality of 3 randomized control trials. The quality of 4 non-randomized control trials was evaluated using risk of bias assessment tool for non-randomized studies (RoBANS). Effect sizes in this study were computed as the corrected standard mean difference (SMD). A random-effect model was used to analyze the effect size because of the high heterogeneity among the studies. Egger's regression and 'trim-and-fill' tests were carried out to analyze the publishing bias. Results : The following factors had a large total effect size (Hedges's g=2.10, 95 %CI=1.54~2.66) involving transcranial direct current stimulation on stroke patients: muscle activity (Hedges's g=2.38, 95 %CI=1.08~3.68), balance (Hedges's g4=2.41, 95 %CI=1.33~3.60), walking ability (Hedges's g=1.54, 95 %CI=0.49~2.59), and muscle strength (Hedges's g=2.45, 95 % CI: 0.85~4.05). Egger's regression test showed that the publishing bias had statistically significant differences but 'trim-and-fill' test showed that there was still statistical difference. Conclusion : This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation on the lower extremity in terms of muscle activity, balance, walking ability, and muscle strength in stroke patients. However, due to the low quality of studies and high heterogeneity factors, the results of our study should be interpreted cautiously.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 2011

Tidal flats which are ecologically sensitive, are hard to remediate once they are contaminated by oil spill accidents. Traditional oil remediation measures focus on removal efficiency, and their improper implementation can adversely affect crude oil contaminated coastal areas and greatly disrupt the structure and functions of crude oil contaminated tidal flats. In this study, the oil degradation due to the implementation of remediation measures naturally enhanced using air and natural oil sorbents was evaluated in the lower strata of tidal flats. The effects of air and natural oil sorbents on oil degradation for two concentration levels (< 500 ppm and > 500 ppm) were tested at artificially contaminated tidal flats. Fifty days after these treatments, the natural oil sorbent treatment showed the lowest total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration ($4.46{\pm}1.47%$) at the low concentration level, whereas both air and natural oil sorbent treatments showed high degradation efficiencies at the high concentration level ($29.30{\pm}4.39%$). Although the phosphatase activity decreased for all treatments, there was no significant difference between the decreases for the different treatments; on the other hand, B-glucosidase activities were high for both air and natural oil sorbent treatments. Although degradation efficiencies decreased as the concentration increased, the air provision and natural oil sorbent treatment could be an effective ecological restoration measure for oil contaminated tidal flats while minimizing the environmental impact of the remediation efforts.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.47.3-48
• /
• 2015

We present environmental effects on the galaxy evolution in the Virgo cluster focusing on intracluster medium - interstellar medium (ICM-ISM) interactions and gravitational interactions. We identify signatures of these environmental effects for 21 massive late-type galaxies based on the visual inspection of high resolution HI data from VLA Imaging of Virgo spirals in Atomic gas (VIVA) survey comparing with multi-wavelength data. We classify galaxies into three subgroups showing different environmental effects. First and second groups includes galaxies influenced by ongoing/active and past ram pressure stripping effect, respectively. Third group consists of galaxies undergoing gravitational interactions. Additionally, we define neighbor galaxies for each VIVA galaxies utilizing kinematic data from Extended Virgo Cluster Catalog. Assuming that neighbor galaxies share similar levels of environmental effects with host VIVA galaxies, we investigate environmental effects on galaxy properties in different subgroups using SDSS optical and GALEX ultraviolet photometric data. We find that dwarf neighbor galaxies in first and second groups show rapid quenching of their star formation (SF), while massive counterparts are still in SF activity. On the other hand, most third group galaxies show hints of SF activity regardless of their mass. We conclude that SF and evolution of galaxy in the cluster environment is closely linked to ICM-ISM interactions and dwarf galaxies seem to be more sensitive to this effect compared to massive counterparts.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.125-138
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to determine which types of leisure activities promote happiness in young people. The ultimate goal of this study is to improve adolescents' levels of happiness and examine the academic and political challenges that occur in their social networks. In this study, subjects as "more than 4th grade of elementary school to less than a high school students". A sampling of the group was completed using a pre-percentage assignment and the data was analyzed according to gender and grade. The primary research method employed was internet research, and questionnaires were used as a secondary method of collecting information. The final analysis used 1.046 (final response rate 83.4%). The results of the present study were classified into the following four parts: social network and the characteristics of youths' subjective happiness; leisure activities according to the type of social network; differences in the level of subjective happiness organized according to the type of leisure activity; and the relative influence of variables that affect the level of subjective happiness. In conclusion, there is a strong correlation between social relationships, leisure activities, and youth's subjective happiness. An analysis of the difference in the level of subjective happiness according to the type of leisure activities of adolescents confirmed that the type of active participation in leisure and the type of indoor and outdoor activities variety were the highest in terms of contributing to the level of subjective happiness. Generally, a discussion of how the existing leisure life affects the subjective happiness of young people needs to be taken one step further. This difference was significant because the level of subjective happiness was confirmed according to the type of leisure activities. In addition, this study determined that leisure activities have an effect on subjective happiness and positively impact young people.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.346-358
• /
• 2016

한반도 주변의 일본, 중국(대만 포함) 및 러시아 캄차카의 활동적인 화산에 대한 289개의 화산DB를 구축하였으며, 이들 중 잠재적으로 폭발적인 분화를 하여 한반도에 광역화산재해를 유발할 수 있는 위험 화산체 29개(백두산과 울릉도, 일본 화산 27개)를 선정하였다. 이들의 선정 기준은 화산의 활동성 유무, 폭발적 분화 위험 암종 포함 여부, 서울과의 거리, 그리고 화산폭발지수(VEI) 4 이상의 플리니식 분화이력을 가진 화산체 등이다. 본 연구 결과는 광역화산재해를 유발하여 국내에 영향을 줄 가능성이 높은 위험화산을 선별하는데 활용할 것이다. 그리고 이들 위험화산 활동에 의해 발생한 화산재의 확산 범위를 예측하고 한반도에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 화산재해 피해 예측을 위한 방재 차원의 대응 연구에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제51권1호
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2018

Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) 2a-knockout (KO) mice exhibit accelerated diet-induced obesity and are resistant to leptin-mediated adipostatic signaling from the hypothalamus to adipose tissue, with sustained food intake. However, the impact of Epac2a deficiency on hypothalamic regulation of sympathetic nervous activity (SNA) has not been elucidated. This study was performed to elucidate the response of Epac2a-KO mice to dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy and acute cold stress. Compared to age-matched wild-type mice, Epac2a-KO mice showed higher energy expenditures and expression of myogenin and uncoupling protein-1 in skeletal muscle (SM) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), respectively. Epac2a-KO mice exhibited greater endurance to dexamethasone and cold stress. In wild-type mice, exogenous leptin mimicked the responses observed in Epac2a-KO mice. This suggests that leptin-mediated hypothalamic signaling toward SNA appears to be intact in these mice. Hence, the potentiated responses of SM and BAT may be due to their high plasma leptin levels.