• 센서학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2022

Multi-rod type Ag-AgCl electrodes have been developed for use in underwater electric field sensors. The developed cylindrical electrode had a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 130 mm. The electrode had five Ag-AgCl rods with a diameter of 2 mm and a height of 80 mm to enlarge the reaction surface area. Each Ag-AgCl rod was fabricated under the same conditions as the usual anodizing method in an electrolyte. The two developed electrodes were placed in the center of a 500-mm long, 400-mm wide, and 300-mm high acrylic tank filled with artificial seawater, at an interval of 100 mm, to evaluate their characteristics as uniaxial underwater electric field sensors. The underwater external electric field was generated using titanium plate electrodes installed at both ends of the tank. The noise level at 1 Hz of the developed electrode was approximately 3.7 nV/√Hz. The reception of the underwater electric field signal using the developed electrode was linear, within an error of approximately 0.6 %, in the range of 1-10000 ㎶/m at 1 Hz. In addition, its frequency response was flat within an error of 1.1 % in the range of 1-1000 Hz at 10000 ㎶/m.

• 한국정보기술학회 영문논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.71-83
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a system that can detect the shape of a hand at high speed using an FPGA. The hand-shape detection system is designed using Verilog HDL, a hardware language that can process in parallel instead of sequentially running C++ because real-time processing is important. There are several methods for hand gesture recognition, but the image processing method is used. Since the human eye is sensitive to brightness, the YCbCr color model was selected among various color expression methods to obtain a result that is less affected by lighting. For the CbCr elements, only the components corresponding to the skin color are filtered out from the input image by utilizing the restriction conditions. In order to increase the speed of object recognition, a median filter that removes noise present in the input image is used, and this filter is designed to allow comparison of values and extraction of intermediate values at the same time to reduce the amount of computation. For parallel processing, it is designed to locate the centerline of the hand during scanning and sorting the stored data. The line with the highest count is selected as the center line of the hand, and the size of the hand is determined based on the count, and the hand and arm parts are separated. The designed hardware circuit satisfied the target operating frequency and the number of gates.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2022

Early detection of mild cognitive impairment can help prevent the progression of dementia. The purpose of this study was to design and validate a machine learning model that automatically differential diagnosed patients with mild cognitive impairment and identified cognitive decline characteristics compared to a control group with normal cognition using resting-state quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) with eyes closed. In the first step, a rectified signal was obtained through a preprocessing process that receives a quantitative EEG signal as an input and removes noise through a filter and independent component analysis (ICA). Frequency analysis and non-linear features were extracted from the rectified signal, and the 3067 extracted features were used as input of a linear support vector machine (SVM), a representative algorithm among machine learning algorithms, and classified into mild cognitive impairment patients and normal cognitive adults. As a result of classification analysis of 58 normal cognitive group and 80 patients in mild cognitive impairment, the accuracy of SVM was 86.2%. In patients with mild cognitive impairment, alpha band power was decreased in the frontal lobe, and high beta band power was increased in the frontal lobe compared to the normal cognitive group. Also, the gamma band power of the occipital-parietal lobe was decreased in mild cognitive impairment. These results represented that quantitative EEG can be used as a meaningful biomarker to discriminate cognitive decline.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2023

We have developed an InAlAs/InGaAs metamorphic high electron mobility transistor device fabrication process where the gate length can be tuned within the range of 0.13㎛-0.16㎛ to suit the intended application. The core processes are a two-step electron-beam lithography process using a three-layer resist and gate recess etching process using citric acid. An electron-beam lithography process was developed to fabricate a T-shaped gate electrode with a fine gate foot and a relatively large gate head. This was realized through the use of three-layered resist and two-step electron beam exposure and development. Citric acid-based gate recess etching is a wet etching, so it is very important to secure etching uniformity and process reproducibility. The device layout was designed by considering the electrochemical reaction involved in recess etching, and a reproducible gate recess etching process was developed by finding optimized etching conditions. Using the developed gate electrode process technology, we were able to successfully manufacture various monolithic microwave integrated circuits, including low noise amplifiers that can be used in the 28 GHz to 94 GHz frequency range.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2022

Sharehouse has been supplied as an alternative to solving the steadily increasing one-room housing problem of single-person households every year, and it is necessary to investigate the satisfaction of residents who actually live in sharehouse through P.O.E. Therefore, this study analyzed priror researches related to the existing one-person households, sharehouses, and satisfaction surveys, and summarized indicators with high relevance and frequency to derive satisfaction survey factors that can clearly evaluate the improvement architectural plan of sharehouses. As a result, it was classified into 4 items in the 'general information' category to investigate the status, housing rental type, and housing cost of the sharehouse, 15 factors in the 'peripheral environment' category to evaluate the safety, 3 factors in the 'community' category, and 17 factors in the space (facility) and service category. In the "General Information" section, the overall one-person housing satisfaction, desired sharehouse type, housing rental type, housing cost, and living expenses were reduced. In the "Surrounding Environment", accessibility to public office, accessibility to cultural facilities, accessibility to medical facilities, accessibility to work and school, convenience stores, noise pollution and safety. In addition, in the "community" section, it consists of interactions with various people, relationships with housemates and in the "space (facilities) and service" section, heating, waterproof, soundproof, ventilation, moisture and condensation blocking, facility management, interior, room size, built-in furniture, storage space, laundry, parking. Most of the scales for each factor were 5-point Likert scales, allowing evaluation of the degree of satisfaction, and some factors presented criteria to induce structured answers. Therfore, it is expected that the survey will be conducted on residents who actually live by deriving factors for the satisfaction survey of one-person households living in the sharehouse, and the current status of the sharehouse will be identified, and the degree of satisfaction will be analyzed to be used for research.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.310-339
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• 2015

UHDTV (Ultra High Definition TV)와 같은 실감의 대용량 방송과 방송망과 통신망을 결합한 융합방송 (Convergence Broadcasting)에 대한 연구가 세계적으로 활발히 진행되고 있다. 최근 DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting) - T2 (2nd Generation Terrestrial) 방송 전송 시스템에 채용된 Multiple-PLP (Physical layer Pipe) 다중화 및 전송 기법들과 최근 표준이 완료된 SHVC (Scalable High efficiency Video Coding) 영상 압축 기술을 채용하여, 지상파 단일 채널을 통해 4K UHD & HD 모바일 방송을 전송하는 전송시스템 개발에 관한 연구가 수행되었다. 하지만 Multiple-PLP 다중화 기법은 서로 다른 계층의 데이터를 각각 다른 채널 부호율과 변조 성상도를 적용하여 하나의 프레임을 통해서 전송할 수 있는 반면, 프레임 내의 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) 심벌의 크기나 보호구간의 크기는 달리할 수가 없다. 이에 본 논문에서는 다른 계층의 데이터의 FFT & 보호구간의 크기를 달리하여 전송할 수 있는 FEF (Future Extension Frame) 다중화 기법을 이용한 지상파 고정 4K UHD & 이동 HD 융합 방송의 전송 가능성 및 성능을 검증해 보았다. 이를 위해 DVB-T2 지상파 방송 전송 시스템에 채용된 전송 기법들과 FEF 다중화 기법을 적용한 지상파 단일 채널 고정 4K UHD & 이동 HD 융합방송 전송시스템의 구조들을 제안하였다. 이후에는 예측 분석한 SHVC 압축 후의 데이터 전송 요구량을 바탕으로, 제안한 융합방송 전송 시스템을 통해 6 MHz & 8 MHz 대역폭에서 두 계층의 데이터를 전송할 수 있는 최적의 전송 파라메터를 도출하고, 이에 따른 TOV (Threshold of Visibility)를 찾기 위해 AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise), 정적 Brazil-D, 그리고 TU (Typical Urban)-6 채널 하에서 수신 성능을 검증해 보았다. 그리고 이를 통해 6MHz 및 8MHz 대역폭에서 4K UHD & HD 계층의 데이터를 고정 수신 그리고 수신 속도가 매우 빠른 이동 환경에서 원활히 수신할 수 있음을 보였다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.573-582
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 고해상도 광대역 영상 레이더용 X-대역 송수신기를 설계, 제작하고 성능 보정을 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 영상 레이더용 송수신기는 송신기, 수신기, 송수신 경로기 및 주파수 발생기로 구성되며, 특히 수신기는 지상 이동 표적 탐지를 위한 2 채널 모노펄스 구조를 가진다. 송수신기는 운용 모드에 따라 고해상도 모드를 위한 deramping 수신 기능을 제공하며, SAR 운용 모드에 적합하게 수신 대역폭 선택 기능을 가진다. 송수신기는 X-대역에서 300 MHz 이상의 대역폭을 가지며, T/R 모듈을 구동시키기에 적합하도록 송신 출력은 13.3dBm이며, 수신 이득은 39 dB, 잡음 지수는 3.96 dB 이하인 성능을 얻었다. 수신 이득은 6 비트 디지털 감쇠기에 의해 제어되며, 이득 조절 범위는 30 dB를 보였다. 수신 동적 범위는 30 dB이며, 수신 I/Q 채널 간 진폭 오차는 ${\pm}$0.38 dB 이내, 위상 오차는 ${\pm}$3.47도 이내를 보였다. 시험 결과, 송수신기는 영상 레이더에서 요구되는 전기적인 성능을 만족하였으며, 또한 영상 레이더의 성능을 크게 좌우하는 펄스 오차 항목이 분석되었으며, 임펄스 응답 특성을 개선하기 위한 보정 기법을 적용하여 개발 목표 규격을 만족하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.695-700
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 고유전율 인쇄회로기판 상의 좁은 면적 내에 패키지(Package) 되지 않은 마이크로파(Microwave) 부품을 고밀도로 집적하는 HMIC (Hybrid Microwave Integrated Circuit) 기술을 적용하여 모듈(Module)의 크기를 소형화, 경량화하고 동시에 근접한 소자 상호간의 전자기적 간섭을 최소화 하는 구조 설계 및 제작 기술을 적용하여 광대역 주파수 범위에서 균일한 전기적 성능을 갖는 광대역 전력증폭기를 개발한 내용을 다루었다. 제작한 광대역 전력 증폭기의 성능을 측정한 결과, 동작 주파수 범위에서 소신호 이득은 32 ~ 36 dB 범위 내에 이득평탄도 ${\pm}1.5dB$를 갖음을 확인하였다. 또한, 출력전력은 동작 주파수 범위에서 30 dBm 이상을 만족하였으며, 잡음 지수는 7 dB 이내로 측정되어 목표규격을 만족하는 특성을 나타내었다. OIP3(Output Third Order Intercept Point)는 39 dBm 이상을 만족함을 확인하였다. 제작한 광대역 전력 증폭기는 전자전 체계의 재밍(Jamming) 발생 장치의 고출력 증폭기를 전기적으로 구동하기 위하여 필요한 목표 성능을 모두 만족함으로써 실제 적용이 가능하며, 향후 마이크로파 대역의 유사 전력 증폭기를 설계하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.769-781
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• 2019

Dynamic displacement response of civil structures is an important index for in-construction and in-service structural condition assessment. However, accurately measuring the displacement of large-scale civil structures such as high-rise buildings still remains as a challenging task. In order to cope with this problem, a vision-based system with the use of industrial digital camera and image processing has been developed for long-distance, remote, and real-time monitoring of dynamic displacement of supertall structures. Instead of acquiring image signals, the proposed system traces only the coordinates of the target points, therefore enabling real-time monitoring and display of displacement responses in a relatively high sampling rate. This study addresses the in-situ experimental verification of the developed vision-based system on the Canton Tower of 600 m high. To facilitate the verification, a GPS system is used to calibrate/verify the structural displacement responses measured by the vision-based system. Meanwhile, an accelerometer deployed in the vicinity of the target point also provides frequency-domain information for comparison. Special attention has been given on understanding the influence of the surrounding light on the monitoring results. For this purpose, the experimental tests are conducted in daytime and nighttime through placing the vision-based system outside the tower (in a brilliant environment) and inside the tower (in a dark environment), respectively. The results indicate that the displacement response time histories monitored by the vision-based system not only match well with those acquired by the GPS receiver, but also have higher fidelity and are less noise-corrupted. In addition, the low-order modal frequencies of the building identified with use of the data obtained from the vision-based system are all in good agreement with those obtained from the accelerometer, the GPS receiver and an elaborate finite element model. Especially, the vision-based system placed at the bottom of the enclosed elevator shaft offers better monitoring data compared with the system placed outside the tower. Based on a wavelet filtering technique, the displacement response time histories obtained by the vision-based system are easily decomposed into two parts: a quasi-static ingredient primarily resulting from temperature variation and a dynamic component mainly caused by fluctuating wind load.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 2015 개정 중학교 기술·가정 교과서의 키워드를 분석하여 주생활 단원의 핵심개념과 내용구성을 파악하는 것이다. TEXTOM 프로그램으로 교과서의 단어 빈도분석과 네트워크 분석을 실시하였고, UCINET 프로그램으로 중심성과 CONCOR 분석을 하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 주생활 단원의 내용 체계는 '가정생활과 안전' 영역의 '생활문화'와 '안전'으로 구분되어 있다. 둘째, '안전' 단원에서는 실내, 발생, 사용, 소음, 안전사고 순으로 출현빈도가 높으며, 주생활과 안전사고, 예방과 관련된 단어들이 서로 밀접하게 연결되어 있다. '생활문화' 단원은 공간, 주거, 가족, 사용, 주거공간 순으로 출현빈도가 높으며, 키워드 간 연관성도 높게 나타났다. 셋째, '안전' 단원은 실내, 발생, 사용 등이, '생활문화' 단원은 공간, 가족, 주거 등이 영향력 있는 핵심개념으로 나타났다. 넷째, '안전' 단원은 '안전한 주생활', '쾌적한 주거환경'으로, '생활문화' 단원은 '주거공간 구성', '공간 활용', '주거가치관과 생활양식', '주생활 문화'로 구성되어 있다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 향후 주생활 교육의 방향성과 정체성을 형성하기 위한 기초자료를 제공한다는 점에서 본 연구의 의의가 있다.