• Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.49-58
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• 2002

This study is to classify intonation types of sentence terminal in accordance with sentence form in Korean dialects. Intonation types of sentence terminal in declarative, interrogative (yes-no and wh-sentence), imperative, suggestive of Gyeongnam dialect are low fall, high fall, high fall, low fall, so are not distinctive by intonation, but distinctive by final ending morphemes. But those of Jungbu dialect are low fall, rise-fall and full rise, high level, low rise-fall. Those of Jeonnam dialect are low level, rise-fall and full rise, high level, high level. So those of Jungbu dialect are similar to Jeonnam dialect.

• Journal of the Korea Construction Safety Engineering Association
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• s.36
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• pp.73-81
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• 2006

Construction fall accidents have been investigated by many researchers. Construction workers are prone to fall when elevations of the construction site is high. And falls are the most fatal accidents: it can be directly linked to the death. Construction fall accidents might be reduced by predetermining several areas which are highly probable to have fall accidents and by controlling such areas until the completion of the building construction. In this paper, a fall prevention system is suggested which can identify the areas where the focus on fall protection is perhaps most needed from the process characteristics. Main methodologies for this research are summarized as follows: 1. A data base on elements and types of falls is constructed from the data analysis of last 10 years fall accidents history. 2. Guideline is derived by identifying the highly probable areas of fall accidents with respect to the specific construction process. 3. Developed system is verified by applying the system to construction sites. 4. Finally a fall prevention system is suggested by utilizing the fall accidents data.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.203-214
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study to develop a fringed fall prevention program based on King's goal attainment theory and education. This study is applied to the personal, interpersonal, and social systems of fall high-risk patients to test its effects. Methods: This study was a nonequivalent control group pre- and post-test design. There were 52 fall high-risk patients in the experimental group and 45 in the control group. The experimental group received six sessions, with the group sessions lasting 60 minutes and the individual sessions lasting 20~30 minutes. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, an ${\chi}^2-test$, a paired sample t-test, and a Wilcoxon signed-ranks test utilizing IBM SPSS software. Results: For the 3-month intervention period, the fall prevention program was found to be particularly effective for patients in the experimental group (from 3.38 to 1.69 per 1000 patient days; p=.044), as opposed to the control group (from 1.94 to 1.49 per 1000 patient days; p=.300). For the 6-month follow up period, the fall prevention program was again found to be effective for patients in the experimental group (from 3.26 to 0.76 per 1000 patient days; p=.049) compared to the control group (from 1.98 to 1.01 per 1000 patient days; p=.368). Conclusion: These results indicate that the fringed fall prevention program is very effective in reducing falls, not only during the intervention period, but also after the intervention period has ended. We can therefore recommend this program for use concerning fall high-risk patients in long-term care hospitals.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide data about the risk factors related to falls among elderly patients with dementia using meta-analysis. Methods: Key words used for search through electronic database (CINAHL, PubMed, Ovid-MEDLINE, RISS, KISS, DBPIA, National Assembly Library) included 'dementia', 'Alzheimer', 'fall'. Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis and 'R' version 3.2.2 was used to analyze the correlated effect size. Results: Study results showed that risk factors related to falls were identified as the demographic (age, gender, education), dementia-related (disease duration, cognition), physical (body mass index, walking, balance, activity of daily living, use of walking aids, number of medications including psychotropic drugs, musculoskeletal problems, parkinsonism, comorbidity), psychological (neuropsychiatric symptom, depression), environmental (Physical environment), and fall-related (fall history, high risk group of fall) factors. The effect size of risk factors such as high risk group of fall (r=.35), use of walking aids (r=.33), depression (r=.31), psychotropic drugs (r=.27), Musculoskeletal problems (r=.25) were higher than the other risk factors. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, strategies to improve elderly patient's depression, intensive care for high risk group of fall, and adequate training with walking aids are needed for prevention of falls in elderly patients with dementia.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.107-120
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• 2009

Background : To estimate fall incidence rate and associated factors in inpatients from a general hospital. Method : The data were collected from 104 fall incident reports developed by the patient safety committee in a general hospital in Seoul from 01 January 2007 to 31 December 2008. Information included general characteristics of patients, factors related to fall, types, places, circumstances and outcomes of fall. Result : The incidence rate of fall, which was 4.4 per 1,000 total discharged patients and 0.5 per 1,000 patient-days, was much lower than that of several hospitals in the United States. The difference may reflect the different incidence reporting system of each hospital. Fall-prone patients were, in general, $$\geq_-$$65 years of age, had an alert mental status, were ambulatory with some assistance, and were dependent on and ambulatory device. High incidence of falls was associated with patients with circulatory disease. The majority of fall events usually occurred in bed or at the bedside in the patient's room, and occurred more often during the night than during the day or evening. Risk factors of fall were use of drugs (antihypertensive or neuropsychiatric drugs) and environmental factors (e.g., overly high bed height, surrounding objects, inadequate fitness shoes and slippery floor). Physical injury occurred in 43.3% of fall events, which typically required diagnosis of injury and treatment such as suturing. Risk factors for repeated falls were use of a neuropsychiatric drug (odds ratio=13.9) and gait disturbance (odds ratio=91.2). Risk factors for fall-related injury were alert mental status (odds ratio=3.3 times more likely to fall than those who were drowsy or in a stupor) and general weakness(odds ratio=3.3 times more likely to fall than those who were not generally weak). Conclusion : Medical and nursing staff should be aware of the fall risk factors of hospitalized patients and should intensively pursue preventative strategies. Development of fall prevention education based on these results is recommended.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.86-89
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• 2002

According to Pierrehumbert (1980), two level tones - H and L - are enough in representing intonation of intonational languages. But in Korean, high fall and low fall boundary tones, both of which must be represented as HL％ in intonational phonology as in Jun (1993, 1999), are distinct not only acoustically but also functionally. The same is true in the case of high level and mid level boundary tones, which must be represented as H％ in intonational phonology. In this paper, I conducted two identification tests to provide crucial evidence that H and L are not enough in intonational phonology. The results of the identification tests show that categorical perception occur between high level and low level as well as between high fall and low fall. Based on this fact and the results of the acoustic analyses in Lee (1999, 2000), I strongly propose to adopt one more level tone - M - to represent Korean boundary tones.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.447-452
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• 2000

In this study, the design of Free-Fall Simulator was carried out using concept of vertical wind tunnel. Free-Fall Simulator is not an experimental equipment but a training equipment. Therefore Free-Fall Simulator needs a large training section compared with test section of wind tunnel and has critical limit of height. These limits bring about the difficulty of design for a return passage. Due to small area ratio, the downstream flow of training section with high speed is not decelerated adequately to the fan section. High-speed flow leads to great losses in the small area ratio diffuser and corner. So design of diffusers and corners located between training section and fan section has a great effect on the Free-Fall Simulator performance. This study used an estimation method of subsonic wind tunnel performance. It considered each section of Free-Fall Simulator as an independent section. Therefore loss of one section didn't affect loss of other sections. Because losses of corner with vane and $1^{st}$ diffuser are most parts of overall Free-Fall Simulator, this study focused on the design of these sections.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to develop a Fall Prevention Education Program by comparing and analyzing fall experiences and the factors that influence elderly people with dementia suffering falls. Methods: The participants were 302 patients with dementia aged 60 years or older with nursing records of hospitalization in three nursing homes located in a metropolitan area. The SPSS/Win 21.0 package was used to analyze the collected data. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the influence factors related to fall experiences. Results: For men, fall experiences were more frequent given the following factors: overweight; high fall risk tendency; aged 90 and above; married; dementia duration period of 5 to 9 years; and taking medication for dementia. For women, the factors included age range of 80 to 89; overweight; obese; both low and high fall risk tendency; separation by death; and having spent less than 1 year in nursing homes. Conclusion: We anticipate positive results in fall prevention education programs for the elderly with dementia if the results of this study are used as basic data, and interventions are customized to consider the sex and the relevant influence factors as to fall experiences.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.86-94
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• 2020

Portable ladders are normally used both as an access tool for ascending and descending and as a platform for high place work. Though convenient, such usages make the portable ladders vulnerable to fall accidents. For this reason, many safety systems such as regulations and certifications are implemented to prevent fall accidents of portable ladders. However, nevertheless of those safety systems in Korea, annual death tolls of ladder fall accidents has remained high, and which suggests modification and improvement of the portable ladder related safety systems in Korea. The aim of this study is to propose directions for improving safety systems to effectively prevent fall accidents of portable ladders. To this end, comparative analysis on safety systems implemented in Korea and other countries including Japan, USA and UK are conducted to investigate the problems of Korean safety systems. Based on the analysis, limitations of Korean safety systems to prevent ladder fall accidents are discussed and tasks to overcome the limitations are proposed. Once implemented, the proposed tasks would contribute to prevent ladder fall accidents effectively.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.265-273
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the predictive validity of the Fall Assessment Scale-Korean version (FAS-K) and to find the most appropriate cutoff score to screen high-risk fall groups in adult patients in general hospitals in Korea. Methods: We performed a prospective evaluation study in medical and surgical ward patients at two major general hospitals in Seoul. Data were collected from Nov. 1, 2018 to Feb. 28, 2019, nurses performed 651 observation series. The researcher measured the fall risk assessment score by applying FAS-K, MFS (Morse Fall Scale), and JHFRAT (Johns Hopkins Hospital Fall Risk Assessment tool) to the patients twice a week between 10 am and 12 noon. Data were analyzed using Pearson's corelation coefficients, and the sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the three tools. Results: The FAS-K was positively correlated with the MFS (r=.70, p<.001) and the JHFRAT (r=.82, p<.001). According to the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis of the FAS-K, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative prediction values were 85.3%, 49.4%, 8.5%, and 98.4%, respectively, when the FAS-K score was 4. Therefore, the cut-off score of the FAS-K to identify groups with high fall risk was 4. Conclusion: The FAS-K is a valid tool for measuring fall risk in adult inpatients. In addition, the FAS-K score, 4, can be used to identify high-risk fall groups and know specific points in time to provide active interventions to prevent falls.