• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1168-1179
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• 2007

The objective of this research is to validate the BRQ(Brand Relationship Quality) Construct perceived by fashion product consumers. In order to establish and verify the BRQ scale, qualitative survey and quantitative survey were conducted together. 1592 copies of questionnaire were distributed to women in their 20s to 40s living in Seoul and other metropolitan areas from Dec. 26, 2005 to Jan. 8, 2006, and 723 copies of them were used for statistical data. Samplel(n=482)was used for empirical analysis, and sample2(n=241) was used for cross validity test. The data was analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and Pearson's Correlation Analysis. BRQ emerged from exploratory factor analysis as the hierarchical construct composed of six facets including 'self-connective attachment', 'symbol/mystery', 'trust', 'nostalgia', 'intimacy', and 'knowledge'. As the fit of this structural model was not good as a result of Confirmatory Factor Analysis, it was revised to have better fitting. Finally, empirical survey results indicate the hierarchical construct consisting of eight distinct BRQ facets including 'love/commitment', 'self-connection', 'symbol', 'mystery', 'trust', 'nostalgia', 'intimacy', and 'knowledge' as best representing the final 39item BRQ Scale. Reliability, construct validity, and cross validity of the construct were verified.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.561-574
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• 2011

This study investigates the ultimate factor structure of consumer dissatisfaction with the off-line purchase and usage of clothing. It identifies the determinant dimensions of consumer dissatisfaction on clothing purchase and usage and investigates the hierarchical structure of consumer dissatisfaction by assessing and comparing the effectiveness of five alternative factor structure models. A total of 300 women were online-surveyed to assess the level of dissatisfaction based on their dissatisfying experience with clothing purchases and usage in terms of product quality, price, salesperson's attitude, and store environment. The exploratory factor analysis identified the underlying dimensions of dissatisfaction: Handling, Aesthetics, Salesperson, Size, Price, Product Quality, Service, and Environment. By employing a first-order confirmatory factor analysis and higher-order confirmatory factor analysis, consumer dissatisfaction was confirmed to have a hierarchical structure with three second-order constructs Intrinsic instrument is manifested by handling, quality, and size, Intrinsic expression consists of service, salesperson, and environment, and Extrinsic circumstance contains aesthetics and price. On empirically demonstrating the multi-dimensional constructs of consumer dissatisfaction by identifying its hierarchical structure, the study provides the theoretical and practical insights to comprehend consumer purchase and post-purchase behavior. Specifically, it affords an empirical platform to extend the scope of research with condensed concepts of dissatisfaction to researchers. In addition, it also enables marketers to take a broader view of consumer dissatisfaction by providing cues about potential problems and identifying the source of those problems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.830-841
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• 2004

The necessity to understand shopping orientation is increasing. Yet, there has been few research that investigated the conceptual structure of clothing shopping orientation[CSO]. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop the conceptual structure of CSO. For that purpose, both documentary and empirical researches were conducted. The documentary research was conducted to develop a theoretical structure model as a basis for exploring the conceptual structure of CSO. The empirical research was conducted to identify and modify the theoretical model so as to develop a conceptual structure model. The data was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and Pearson's correlation analysis. As a result, a conceptual structure model of CSO was developed. The model consisted of three hierarchical levels of dimensions; upper-dimensions, middle-dimensions and lower-dimensions. The upper-dimensions were composed of 'economic', 'hedonic', and 'convenient' dimensions. Each upper-dimension consisted of middle-dimensions and lower-dimensions. Confirmatory factor analysis was executed to assess the fitness and cross validity of the structure model.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.85-107
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• 2012

In this study, the Infants & Toddlers' Playfulness Scale(ITPS) was developed and its reliability and validity were examined. The participants in this study consisted of 656 parents whose children were 8 to 36 months old. Five factors were identified from the results of the exploratory factor analysis performed on the 29 items that had been derived by analyzing existing research. The Goodness of Fit Indices(GFIs) of the confirmatory factor analyses, performed on the 1st-order 5-factor model and the 2nd-order one factor model, were both satisfactory. Concurrent validity was established by the high correlations of r = .631~.808(p < .01) between each factor of the ITPS and the total score of the Children's Playfulness Scale(CPS), an existing measure for children's playfulness. The reliability of each factor, as measured by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, ranged from .773 to .883. Consequently, the ITPS developed in this study can be seen as a reliable and valid scale that can be used by parents to measure the playfulness of their infants and toddlers in a multi-dimensional manner.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.83-123
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• 1997

The psychological work environments which facilitate technology innovations in organizations are divided into two dimensions of supportive work environments and challenging work environments. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the construct validity of two work environments. And simple and hierarchical regression analysis confirmed the significant effects of two work environments on motivations to the technology innovations. Therefore, Both of the challenging work environments(uncertainty of exta- organizational environments and tasks) and supportive work environments(managerial environments of intra-organizations) are the two important psychological work environments which facilitate technology innovations in organizations.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.227-244
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• 2009

This study was conducted to develop a multiple-item scale for measuring the food service quality in the restaurant industry. For developing the scale, Kelly Repertory Grid Methods were conducted. Collected data of food service quality were analyzed with the reliability analysis and the factor analysis of SPSS 12.0 and the 3rd-order confirmatory factor analysis of LISREL 8.70. The food service quality model of this study is conceptually based on the Brady and Cronin(2001)'s hierarchical approach to the service quality model. The hierarchical model of the food service quality which comprises three constructs of the physical environment quality, the interaction quality and the food quality as a primary dimension. The hierarchical approaches to the food service quality help overcome the limitations of the SERVQUAL model for which some arguments have been made that it lacks a clear division between the dimensions and its subsequent overlapping between them.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.163-186
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• 1998

The psychological work environments which facilitate technology innovations in organizations are divided into two dimensions of supportive work environments and uncertain work environments. The measurement variables have significant reliability. And the confirmatory factor analysis confirm the construct validity of two dimensional work environments. Two work environments have the significant effects on motivations to the technology innovations. So, simple and hierarchical regression analyses confirm criterion-related validity. Therefore, Both of the uncertain work environments(uncertainty of external-organizational environments and tasks) and the two important work environments(supporting idea, resource supply, job autonomy) are the two important psychological work environments which indicate technology innovations in organizations. Measures for innovative psychological work environments are provided.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.113-134
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• 2014

This study sought to develop a 'Meaning of Parenting Scale for Mothers(MPS-M)' in order to measure how Korean mothers perceive the meaning of parenting. To this end, in Study I, a preliminary scale was designed, based firstly on socio-cultural and evolutionary psychological perspectives and secondly on the responses from 118 mothers concerning meaning of parenting. This was followed up by the collection of 887 mothers' responses to the preliminary scale, which then underwent exploratory factor analysis for scale revision. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on a collection of responses from 548 mothers using the revised scale. Concurrent validity was tested using a parenting stress scale, and reliability was then checked by conducting calculations for internal consistency. As a result, the MPS-M was finally developed, consisting of 25 items under six factors: 'Internal Maturity', 'Restoration of Naturality', 'Familial Union', 'Physical Burden', 'Affective Disorientation', and 'Comprehensive Loss'. Accordingly, the meaning of parenting was statistically confirmed as a hierarchical two-sided concept possessing six factors under positive and negative meaning categories.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.353-360
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• 2020

The main aim of study is to identify the factors that affect the purchasing intention of young adults. The reference group is an important factor in determining the underlying causes of young adults' purchasing intentions. However, the literature states that young adults prefer to buy brands they trust in order to eliminate the risks that may arise when buying products they may not know. Moving from this perspective, the study proposes a conceptual model that including structural relationships between brand trust, reference group, and purchasing intention. The study aims to contribute to the literature by discussing the moderator role of brand trust in this structure. A series of hypotheses are tested via a survey completed by 749 young people between the ages of 20 and 30 living in Istanbul, Turkey. The data were analyzed with IBM SPSS-23 and AMOS-18 program. In addition to descriptive, reliability, and factor (exploratory and confirmatory) analysis, hierarchical regression analysis was performed to test the research hypotheses. The results show that the reference group positively influences the purchasing intention, and brand trust plays a moderating role in this relationship. The findings are discussed and some practical suggestions are made for mobile phone manufacturers.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.405-419
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effects of self-directed learning ability on the relationship between mentoring function and career commitment in registered nurses. Methods: A total of 396 registered nurses from 19 hospitals located in Incheon were included in this study. Collected data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, Pearson product moment correlation and hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS and AMOS 18.0 program. Results: The mentoring function and self-directed learning ability showed to have a positive effect on career commitment. Self-directed learning ability showed to have a moderating effect on the relationship between mentoring function and career commitment. Conclusion: To enhance the level of career commitment perceived by registered nurses, hospital organizations need to implement effective mentoring programs and develop self-directed learning ability in nurses.