• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.586-593
• /
• 2009

분산 환경에서 대부분 데이터 구성은 계층적 분류에 따른 트리 형태로 이루어져 연관성 검색에 제한이 있다. 이러한 데이터들 중 데이터베이스로 저장된 데이터는 통합의 문제와 효율적 검색이라는 문제가 있다. 이에 따라 본 시스템에서는 분산된 데이터 베이스 통합을 위해 XMDR을 이용하고 계층적으로 표현된 지식의 검색 효율성을 위해서 XMDR에 토픽맵을 연계하는 방안을 제안한다. XMDR은 메타시멘틱온톨로지, 인스턴스시멘틱온톨로지 그리고 메타로케이션으로 구성하고, 분산된 관계데이터베이스 사이의 데이터 이질적 문제와 메타데이터 이질적 문제를 해결하여 통합하고, 메타시멘틱온톨로지와 인스턴스시멘틱온톨로지를 토픽 맵과 연결하여, 토픽 맵의 자원위치를 표현하는 어커런스 역할을 XMDR의 메타로케이션이 수행하게 함으로써 효율적인 통합 검색을 위한 방안을 제안한다.

• 기록학연구
• /
• 제61호
• /
• pp.31-69
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 국내 문학관에 분산 소장되어 있는 작가의 문학자료에 대한 기록학적 탐구와 기록관리 적용에 관한 검토를 통해 문학기록에 적합한 조직방안을 모색하고자 한다. 먼저 문헌 연구와 사례 분석을 통해 문학 기록의 특성과 가치에 적합한 조직화를 위한 '원질서의 원칙'을 탐구했다. 다음으로 '디아스포라 아카이브'를 사례로 문학기록 조직화에 적합한 모형을 도출한 후, 국내 지역문학관에 '분산 컬렉션'의 형태로 존재하는 작가 조정래(1943~)의 문학자료를 대상으로 조직 모형을 적용하였다. 연구결과 조정래 작가의 '분산 컬렉션'에 통합적으로 접근하기 위하여 ICA AtoM 기반 '기록-작가-문학관' 관련 기술정보를 연계하여 단일한 게이트웨이를 통하여 제공하는 모형을 제안하였다. 아울러 개별 문학관의 소장 자료도 기록 조직화의 원칙에 따라 계층적 분류체계를 적용하여 기존의 건별 목록에 비하여 보다 풍부한 집합적 맥락적 정보를 제공할 수 있도록 하였다.

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.197-214
• /
• 2019

The taxonomic hierarchy of the phylum Proteobacteria was assessed, after which the isolation and classification state of Proteobacteria species with valid names for Korean indigenous isolates were studied. The hierarchical taxonomic system of the phylum Proteobacteria began in 1809 when the genus Polyangium was first reported and has been generally adopted from 2001 based on the road map of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Until February 2018, the phylum Proteobacteria consisted of eight classes, 44 orders, 120 families, and more than 1,000 genera. Proteobacteria species isolated from various environments in Korea have been reported since 1999, and 644 species have been approved as of February 2018. In this study, all novel Proteobacteria species from Korean environments were affiliated with four classes, 25 orders, 65 families, and 261 genera. A total of 304 species belonged to the class Alphaproteobacteria, 257 species to the class Gammaproteobacteria, 82 species to the class Betaproteobacteria, and one species to the class Epsilonproteobacteria. The predominant orders were Rhodobacterales, Sphingomonadales, Burkholderiales, Lysobacterales and Alteromonadales. The most diverse and greatest number of novel Proteobacteria species were isolated from marine environments. Proteobacteria species were isolated from the whole territory of Korea, with especially large numbers from the regions of Chungnam/Daejeon, Gyeonggi/Seoul/Incheon, and Jeonnam/Gwangju. Most Halomonadaceae species isolated from Korean fermented foods and solar salterns were halophilic or halotolerant. Air-borne members of the genera Microvirga, Methylobacterium, and Massilia had common characteristics in terms of G+C content, major respiratory quinones, and major polar lipids.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• 제64권7호
• /
• pp.355-363
• /
• 2021

Background: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common renal disorder in children attributed to podocyte injury. However, children with the same diagnosis have markedly variable treatment responses, clinical courses, and outcomes, suggesting molecular heterogeneity. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the molecular responses of podocytes to nephrotic plasma to identify specific genes and signaling pathways differentiating various clinical NS groups as well as biological processes that drive injury in normal podocytes. Methods: Transcriptome profiles from immortalized human podocyte cell line exposed to the plasma of 8 subjects (steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome [SSNS], n=4; steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome [SRNS], n=2; and healthy adult individuals [control], n=2) were generated using microarray analysis. Results: Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of global gene expression data was broadly correlated with the clinical classification of NS. Differential gene expression (DGE) analysis of diseased groups (SSNS or SRNS) versus healthy controls identified 105 genes (58 up-regulated, 47 down-regulated) in SSNS and 139 genes (78 up-regulated, 61 down-regulated) in SRNS with 55 common to SSNS and SRNS, while the rest were unique (50 in SSNS, 84 genes in SRNS). Pathway analysis of the significant (P≤0.05, -1≤ log2 FC ≥1) differentially expressed genes identified the transforming growth factor-β and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways to be involved in both SSNS and SRNS. DGE analysis of SSNS versus SRNS identified 2,350 genes with values of P≤0.05, and a heatmap of corresponding expression values of these genes in each subject showed clear differences in SSNS and SRNS. Conclusion: Our study observations indicate that, although podocyte injury follows similar pathways in different clinical subgroups, the pathways are modulated differently as evidenced by the heatmap. Such transcriptome profiling with a larger cohort can stratify patients into intrinsic subtypes and provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of podocyte injury.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.59-90
• /
• 2022

Purpose This paper presents a new method of classifying online platforms. It also explains how to apply the framework using case studies and generate new insight about platform strategies and policy development. Design/methodology/approach This paper focuses on the relationship between platforms, especially the hierarchy and power relations, and broadly classifies platforms as follows: content/services, meta information, app stores, operating systems, and cloud. Both the content/service platform and the meta information platform have matching as their main function. However, most content/services tend to collect and access information through meta-information platforms, so meta-information platforms are closer to infrastructure than content/service platforms. App store, operating system, and cloud can be said to be platforms of platforms. A small number of companies in the US and China dominate platforms of platforms, and become the recent development and regulatory targets of their respective governments. Findings We should be wary of the attempts to regulate domestic platforms by importing foreign regulations that ignore the hierarchical structure that our framework highlights. We believe that Korea's strategy to become a true platform powerhouse is clear. As one of the few countries with significant companies in the area of meta information platforms, it will be necessary to fully utilize the position and advance into the strategically important area of platforms of platforms. Furthermore, it is necessary to encourage world-class companies to appear in Korea in the app store, operating system, and cloud. To do so, the government needs to introduce promotion policies to strategically nurture such platforms rather than to regulate them.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제39권2호
• /
• pp.171-180
• /
• 2023

Spring black stem and leaf spot, caused by Phoma medicaginis, is an issue in annual Medicago species. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the response to P. medicaginis infection in a collection of 46 lines of three annual Medicago species (M. truncatula, M. ciliaris, and M. polymorpha) showing different geographic distribution in Tunisia. The reaction in the host to the disease is explained by the effects based on plant species, lines nested within species, treatment, the interaction of species × treatment, and the interaction of lines nested within species × treatment. Medicago ciliaris was the least affected for aerial growth under infection. Furthermore, the largest variation within species was found for M. truncatula under both conditions. Principal component analysis and hierarchical classification showed that M. ciliaris lines formed a separate group under control treatment and P. medicaginis infection and they are the most vigorous in growth. These results indicate that M. ciliaris is the least susceptible in response to P. medicaginis infection among the three Medicago species investigated here, which can be used as a good candidate in crop rotation to reduce disease pressure in the field and as a source of P. medicaginis resistance for the improvement of forage legumes.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.135-142
• /
• 2009

테이터 마이닝은 대용량의 데이터 셋을 분석하기 위하여 새로운 이론, 기법, 분석 툴을 제공하는 전산 지능분야의 새로운 영역중 하나이다. 데이터 마이닝의 주요 기법으로는 연관규칙 탐사, 분류, 클러스터링 등이 있다. 그러나 이들 기법을 기존 연구 방법들처럼 개별적으로 사용하는 것보다는 통합화하여 규칙들을 자동적으로 발견해내는 방법론이 필요하다. 이런 데이터 규칙 추출 방법론은 대량의 데이터들을 분석하여 성공적인 의사결정을 내리는데 도움을 줄 수 있기에 많은 분야에 이용될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 계층적 클러스터링 알고리듬과 러프셋 이론을 이용하여 대량의 데이터로부터 의미 있는 규칙들을 발견해 내는 자동적인 규칙 추출 방법론을 제안한다. 또한 UCI KDD 아카이브에 포함되어 있는 데이터 셋을 이용하여 제안하는 방법에 대하여 실험을 수행하였으며, 실제 생성된 규칙들을 예시하였다. 이들 자동 생성된 규칙들은 효율적인 의사결정에 도움을 준다.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.50.1-50.1
• /
• 2021

The Gaia mission opens a new window to study the kinematics and dynamics of young stellar systems in detail. The kinematic properties of young stars provide vital constraints on the formation process of their host systems. Here, we present a kinematic study of the two associations Monoceros OB1 (Mon OB1) and R1 (Mon R1). Member candidates are first selected from the published list of member candidates, a compilation of OB star catalogues, and the classification of young stellar objects with the AllWISE data. According to the conventional wisdom, we selected a total of 728 members with similar proper motions at almost the same distance. Mon OB1 and Mon R1 have high levels of substructures that are also kinematically distinct. We identify six stellar groups in these associations, of which five show a pattern of expansion. In addition, the signature of rotation is found in two stellar groups of Mon OB1. Star formation history is inferred from a color-magnitude diagram. As a result, star formation in Mon OB1 has been sustained for several million years, while Mon R1 formed at almost the same epoch as the recent star formation in Mon OB1. Some old members in the outskirt of Mon OB1 have outward motions, which rules out the previously proposed outside-in star formation scenario. Star-forming regions including Mon OB1 and Mon R1 are found along a large arc-like gas structure. Hence, the formation of these two associations may originate from the hierarchical star formation along filaments in a turbulent molecular cloud.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2022년도 제66차 하계학술대회논문집 30권2호
• /
• pp.333-335
• /
• 2022

본 논문에서는 기존에 두 가지 모델이 필요했던 작업을 하나의 모델로 처리할 수 있는 자연어 처리 아키텍처를 제안한다. 단일 모델로 알츠하이머 환자의 언어패턴과 대화맥락을 분석하고 두 가지 결과인 환자분류와 챗봇의 대답을 도출한다. 일상생활에서 챗봇으로 환자의 언어특징을 파악한다면 의사는 조기진단을 위해 더 정밀한 진단과 치료를 계획할 수 있다. 제안된 모델은 전문가가 필요했던 질문지법을 대체하는 챗봇 개발에 활용된다. 모델이 수행하는 자연어 처리 작업은 두 가지이다. 첫 번째는 환자가 병을 가졌는지 여부를 확률로 표시하는 '자연어 분류'이고 두 번째는 환자의 대답에 대한 챗봇의 다음 '대답을 생성'하는 것이다. 전반부에서는 셀프어탠션 신경망을 통해 환자 발화 특징인 맥락벡터(context vector)를 추출한다. 이 맥락벡터와 챗봇(전문가, 진행자)의 질문을 함께 인코더에 입력해 질문자와 환자 사이 상호작용 특징을 담은 행렬을 얻는다. 벡터화된 행렬은 환자분류를 위한 확률값이 된다. 행렬을 챗봇(진행자)의 다음 대답과 함께 디코더에 입력해 다음 발화를 생성한다. 이 구조를 DementiaBank의 쿠키도둑묘사 말뭉치로 학습한 결과 인코더와 디코더의 손실함수 값이 유의미하게 줄어들며 수렴하는 양상을 확인할 수 있었다. 이는 알츠하이머병 환자의 발화 언어패턴을 포착하는 것이 향후 해당 병의 조기진단과 종단연구에 기여할 수 있음을 보여준다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.150-190
• /
• 2024

This article proposes a framework to elucidate the structural dynamics of the generative AI ecosystem. It also outlines the practical application of this proposed framework through illustrative policies, with a specific emphasis on the development of the Korean generative AI ecosystem and its implications of platform strategies at AI platform-squared. We propose a comprehensive classification scheme within generative AI ecosystems, including app builders, technology partners, app stores, foundational AI models operating as operating systems, cloud services, and chip manufacturers. The market competitiveness for both app builders and technology partners will be highly contingent on their ability to effectively navigate the customer decision journey (CDJ) while offering localized services that fill the gaps left by foundational models. The strategically important platform of platforms in the generative AI ecosystem (i.e., AI platform-squared) is constituted by app stores, foundational AIs as operating systems, and cloud services. A few companies, primarily in the U.S. and China, are projected to dominate this AI platform squared, and consequently, they are likely to become the primary targets of non-market strategies by diverse governments and communities. Korea still has chances in AI platform-squared, but the window of opportunities is narrowing. A cautious approach is necessary when considering potential regulations for domestic large AI models and platforms. Hastily importing foreign regulatory frameworks and non-market strategies, such as those from Europe, could overlook the essential hierarchical structure that our framework underscores. Our study suggests a clear strategic pathway for Korea to emerge as a generative AI powerhouse. As one of the few countries boasting significant companies within the foundational AI models (which need to collaborate with each other) and chip manufacturing sectors, it is vital for Korea to leverage its unique position and strategically penetrate the platform-squared segment-app stores, operating systems, and cloud services. Given the potential network effects and winner-takes-all dynamics in AI platform-squared, this endeavor is of immediate urgency. To facilitate this transition, it is recommended that the government implement promotional policies that strategically nurture these AI platform-squared, rather than restrict them through regulations and stakeholder pressures.