• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.399-407
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• 2021

Wrinkle formation and dryness are the most well-known symptoms of skin aging. This study investigated skin anti-aging and moisturizing effects of Mugunghwa (Hibiscus syriacus L.), the national flower of Korea. The effect of H. syriacus L. flower extract was examined in skin cells originating from humans in vitro and in hairless mice exposed to UVB in vivo. The in vivo study results showed that skin hydration-related factors such as involucrin, filaggrin, HAS1, HYAL1, and matrix metalloproteinase-I (a primary skin photoaging factor) were regulated by H. syriacus L. Additionally, epidermal thickness and collagen disruption, which resulted in wrinkle formation and skin dryness, were ameliorated by oral administration of H. syriacus L. These results indicate that H. syriacus L. flowers can play important roles in preventing aging and promoting skin moisturizing.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.1
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• pp.54-71
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• 1991

To classify and analyze the forest communities and their structures, the vegetation in Mt. Joghe was investigated from July, 1980 to August, 1989. The results obtained are as follow ; 1. A total of 750 kinds of vascular plant(49 orders, 122 families, 434 genera, 627 species, 1 subspecies, 111 varieties and 11 forma)were observed in Mt. Ioghe. The newly observed plant species were Dioscorea quingueloba, Spiranthes sinensis, Cephalanthera falcata, Angelica gigas, Clematis patents, Paeonia obovata, Hibiscus mulabilis, Ainsliaea acerifolia, Dictamnus dasycarpus, Cynachum ascyrifolia, Vaccinium koreanum, Erythrortium japonicum, Indigofera kirilowii (17species), Broussonetia kazinoki var, humillis, Euonymus, fortunei var. radicans, Juniperus communis var, nippnnica, Callicarpa japonica var. radicans, Joniperus communis var. rzipponica, Callicarpa japonica var. taquetii (4 varieties) and L indera obtusiloba for. billosum (1 forma). 2. The life spectrum of flora in Mt. Joghe was classified into $CH-D_1-R_5-e$ type. Distribution area was identical to Southern type by Nakai, Lee, and Yim. A few subtropical species were also observed. 3. Simpson's species diversity index(Ds) was 0.9 and Shannon-Weiner's diversity index (H') was 1.004. These indice suggest that the vegetation in Mt. Joghe is of complicated forest communities. 4. Pte-Q was 1.81 which was higher than the nationwide mean of 1.68. Urbanization Index (UI) was 28.75 for naturalized plant species, and 17.49 for exotic woody plant species, which were similar to those of Mt. Baekun and Mt. Naejang. 5. The forest vegetation of Mt. Joghe was grouped in 3 vegetation types : 7 natural plant Communities dominated by Quercus serrat, Quercus acutissima, Quercus variabilis, Carpinus laxiflora, Pinus derasiflora and Platycarya strobilacea, 8 substitutional plant communities Styrax japonica, Stewartia koreana, Lindera erytlrrocarpa, Zelkova serrata, Rhtrs chinensis, Controversa, and Frzrxirtus manrlshurica, and 7 plantation Communities composed of Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida, Magnolia nbnvata, Chamecyparis obkrsa, Larie ieptolepis, Castanea crenata and Cryptomeria japonica. 6. Actual vegetation maps and profile diagrams were made by phytosocialogical classification. 7. As the important and unique species in Mt. Joghe, Lindera sericea, Penicaria tilitorme, Hex macropoda, Hex macropoda for. pseudo-macropoda, Steroartia koreana, Adenopkora palustris and Corylop.,is coreana, which were also seported by Lee(1977), Kim and Yark(1989), were identified and Vaccinium coreanum, Cremastra appendiculinium, Juniperus comminis van. nipponica, Cephalanthera falcata, Broussortetia kazinoki var. humilis, paeonia obovata, Deutzia prunifolia, Dictamnus dasyarpus, Angelica gigics and Bupleurum falcatum were odditionally observed.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.347-350
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• 2011

Biofilms are surface-attached microbial communities with phenotypic and biochemical properties distinct from free-living planktonic cells. Biofilm bacteria show much greater resistance than planktonic counterparts and much higher concentration of biocide is needed to treat biofilms compared to the dosage used for planktonic bacteria. As a result, alternative strategies or more effective agents exhibiting activity against biofilm-producing micro-organisms are of great interest. Therefore, we turned our attention to control of biofilm of S. aureus. The aims of this research are to investigate substances which inhibit the formation of biofilm by S. aureus and to suggest effective materials for controlling skin problems. We coated slide glasses with human placental collagen and the coverslip was incubated with test materials and bacteria. The coverslip was stained with crystal violet and we measured optical density of each sample. The biofilm inhibitory activity was calculated by crystal violet staining degrees. In this study, S. aureus ATCC 6538 was used as test organism. Our results show that both water soluble and insoluble Hinoki cypress polysaccharide strongly inhibited biofilm formation. Whereas, green tea and sunset hibiscus root extract promoted biofilm. Xylitol showed a concentration dependent effect; high concentration (3 % and 5 %) of xylitol reduced biofilm while promoted biofilm formation at a concentration of 1 %. These results support that Hinoki cypress polysaccharide and xylitol have ability to suppress biofilm formation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.46-60
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• 1997

The purposes of this research are to select the appropriate kinds of landscape woody plants for afforestation artificial ground and to find out the way of developing planting-tree area of artificial ground through test planting and case study. The summary of the research is as follows; As a result of observing the state of trees' growth, trees on artificial grounds grow as well as, or even better than those on natural grounds. The kinds of trees which represent better growth states on artificial soil of rooftop test area are Thuja occidentalis, Prunus armericana var. ausu, Acer palmatum, Viburnum sargentii for. sterile, Buxus microphylla var. koreana, etc. In addition, soils than on natural soils. As a result of investigating the tree's growth state according to soil beds of artificial soils, shrubs don't represent distinct differences. They show that shrubs can be planted on 30cm soil bed. The rest of trees no differences according to the variation of soil beds, and they are in normal condition or have slight damage. This means that though arbor planting area of artificial ground is made 45~60cm, it is possible for trees to grow on it. In consequence of analyzing the cases on areas of landscaping artificial grounds, as the appropriate kinds of trees for afforestation artificial ground, Diospyros kaki, Hibiscus syriacus, Syringa dilatata, Magnolia kobus, Acer ginnala and cornus alba are selected in Capital region, and Nandina domestica, Taxus cuspidata, Ilex crenata, Viburnum awabuki, Aucuba japonica and Euonymus japonica are selected in southern region. In addition, Juniperus chinensis, Zelkova serrata, Juniperus chinensis var. kaizuka, etc. are selected regardless of regional character. In accordance with the state of soil it shows great difference, namely, fertilization once or more a year and irrigation for drought is advantageous to tree's growth. This research represents that it is necessary that standards related to landscaping artificial grounds are subdivided. In addition to it, the plan for revising related to regulation is drawn up.

• CELLMED
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.5.1-5.8
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• 2014

Healthcare-associated infection represents a frequent cause of mortality that increases hospital costs. Due to increasing microbial resistance to antibiotics, it is necessary to search for alternative therapies. Consequently, novel alternatives for the control of resistant microorganisms have been studied. Among them, plant antimicrobial protein presents enormous potential, with flowers being a new source of antimicrobial molecules. In this work, the antimicrobial activity of protein-rich fractions from flower tissues from 18 different species was evaluated against several human pathogenic bacteria. The results showed that protein-rich fractions of 12 species were able to control bacterial development. Due its broad inhibition spectrum and high antibacterial activity, the protein-rich fraction of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis was subjected to DEAE-Sepharose chromatography, yielding a retained fraction and a non-retained fraction. The retained fraction inhibits 29.5% of Klebsiella pneumoniae growth, and the non-retained fraction showed 31.5% of growth inhibition against the same bacteria. The protein profile of the chromatography fractions was analyzed by using SDS-PAGE, revealing the presence of two major protein bands in the retained fraction, of 20 and 15 kDa. The results indicate that medicinal plants have the biotechnological potential to increase knowledge about antimicrobial protein structure and action mechanisms, assisting in the rational design of antimicrobial compounds for the development of new antibiotic drugs.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.416-430
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• 2017

The kenaf plant is used widely as food and in traditional folk medicine. This study evaluated the morphological characteristics, functional compounds, and genetic diversity of 32 kenaf cultivars from a worldwide collection. We found significant differences in the functional compounds of leaves from all cultivars, including differences in levels of chlorogenic acid isomer (CAI), chlorogenic acid (CA), kaempferol glucosyl rhamnoside isomer (KGRI), kaempferol rhamnosyl xyloside (KRX), kaemperitrin (KAPT) and total phenols (TPC). The highest TPC, KAPT, CA, and KRX contents were observed in the C22 cultivars. A significant correlation was observed between flowering time and DM yield, seed yield, and four phenolic compounds (KGRI, KRX, CAI, and TPC) (P < 0.01). To assess genetic diversity, we used 80 simple sequence repeats (SSR) primer sets and identified 225 polymorphic loci in the kenaf cultivars. The polymorphism information content and genetic diversity values ranged from 0.11 to 0.79 and 12 to 0.83, with average values of 0.39 and 0.43, respectively. The cluster analysis of the SSR markers showed that the kenaf genotypes could be clearly divided into three clusters based on flowering time. Correlations analysis was conducted for the 80 SSR markers; morphological, chemical and growth traits were found for 15 marker traits (corolla, vein, petal, leaf, stem color, leaf shape, and KGRI content) with significant marker-trait correlations. These results could be used for the selection of kenaf cultivars with improved yield and functional compounds.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2005

Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematde, Steinernema carpocapsae Pocheon strain (ScP) was evaluated against different larval stages(2nd, 3-4th and 5th) of Anomis commode and Anomis mesogona(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in petri dish and pot. The $LC_{50}$ values were increased in proportion to larval stage of A. commoda and A. mesogona. $LC_{50}$ value of ScP against 2nd instar of A. commoda and A. mesogona was 9.7 and 4.5, respectively. The 2nd instar of both species was also susceptible to ScP in pot test. That is, mortality of 2nd instar of A. commode and A. mesogona was higher representing $72.5\%\;and\;87.5\%$ 5 days later after treatment, respectively, when ScP was applied at the ,ate of 90,000 infective juveniles(Ijs) per $pot(=1\times10^9\;Ijs/ha)$. However, susceptibility was decreased from 3rd instar. Mortality of 5th instar of A. commoda and A. mesogona was $5.0\%\;and\;10.0\%$, respectively, at the rate of 90,000 Ijs/pot. When ScP was applied into pot including mixed larval stages from 2nd to 5th instar(10 larvae far 2nd instar, 10 larvae for 3rd - 4th instars, and 10 larvae for 5th instar) at the rate of 90,000 Ijs/pot, mortality of A. commoda and A. mesogona was $69.2\%\;and\;50.0\%$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.41-55
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• 2011

This study was carried out to survey and analyze the transition of landscape plants on an apartment complexes in the 1990's and 2000's. The results are summarized as follows; The ratio of landscape area was increased from 30.0% to 34.7%. The number of trees per 100 square meter decreased from 22.5 to 15.7. The number of shrub per 10 square meter increased from 19.3 to 38.7. Species of Evergreen tree were increased 21 to 39. The species that a lot of use continuously were Pinus densiflora, Pinus strobus and Taxus cuspidata. The species that increase use were Abies holophylla and Pinus densiflora for. multicaulis. The species that decrease use exceedingly, were Pinus parviflora, Juniperus chinensis, Pinus koraiensis and Thuja orientalis. The species that do not use were Cedrus deodara. Species of deciduous tree were increased 42 to 68. The species that a lot of use continuously were Zelkova serrata, Acer palmatum, Diospyros kaki, Prunus armeniaca and Prunus yedoensis. The species that increase use were Lagerstroemia indica, Chionanthus retusa, Cornus officinalis, Styrax japonica, Sorbus alnifolia, Prunus mume, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Acer triflorum, Prunus sargentii, Chaenomeles sinensis and Cornus kousa. The species that decrease use exceedingly, were Acer buergerianum, Sophora japonica, Malus spp., Ginkgo biloba, Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis, Platanus orientalis and Albizzia julibrissin. The species that do not use were Liriodendron tulipifera, Acer saccharinum, Ailanthus altissima and Paulownia coreana. Species of shrub were incresed 39 to 65. The species that a lot of use continuously were Buxus koreana, Rhododendron schlippenbachii for. albiflorum, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Syringa dilatata and Euonymus japonica. The species that increase use were Rhododendron indicum, Ilex serrata, Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora, Taxus cuspidata var. nana, Kerria japonica, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense, Euonymus alatus, Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila, Nandina domestica, Cornus alba, Hydrangea serrata for. acuminata, Prunus tomentosa, Deutzia parviflora and Pyracantha angustifolia. The species that decrease use exceedingly, were Hibiscus syriacus, Rosa multiflora var. platyphylla, Chaenomeles lagenaria and Rosa spp. The species that do not use were Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, Jasminum nudiflorum and Sasa borealis.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2002

Eveuadies 71' kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) was grown at five plant densities (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 plants per hill; 16,000, 32,000, 48,000, 64,000 and 80,000 plants/10a) from April 13 to October 8, 2001 in Jeju island to determine influence of plant number per hill on agronomic characteristics, forage yield and quality. As plant density increased from 1 to 5 plants per hill, the plant height averaged across two harvests increased 176 to 185 cm. Compared with the plant density of two plants per hill, the plant height decreased at higher plant densities (183, 180, and 166 cm for 3, 4 and 5 plants per hill). The highest yield of fresh forage (114.6 MT/ha), dry matter (17.3 MT/ha), crude protein (2.33 MT/ha), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) (9.21 MT/ha) was obtained at 2 plants per hill. As plant density increased from 1 to 5 plants per hill, crude protein, ether extract, nitrogen free extract, and TDN contents increased from 13.1 to 15.4%, 3.0 to 3.7%, 20.1 to 23.2% and 41.1 to 45.4%, respectively, while crude fiber and crude ash contents decreased from 41.2 to 34.9% and 9.4 to 8.2%, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2002

This study was conducted from April 13 to October 8, 2001 in Jeju to determine the influence of cutting height (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 cm from the soil surface) on growth, forage yield and chemical composition of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.). As cutting height was increased from 2 to 10 cm, plant height averaged across two cuttings increased from 157.7 to 184.7 cm. This pattern held fir the number of leaves and branches per plant, stem diameter and plant weight per plant. As cutting height increased from 2 to 10 cm, fresh forage, dry matter, crude protein and TDN yields increased from 85.5 to 113.7MT/ha, from 11.97 to 15.63 MT/ha, from 1.63 to 2.72, and from 4.95 to 7.54 MT/ha, respectively. As cutting height was increased from 2 cm to 10 cm, crude protein, ether extract, nitrogen free extract, and TDN contents increased from 14.2 to 17.6%, 2.9 to 3.9%, 24.2 to 25.8% and 43.1 to 48.5%, respectively, while crude fiber and crude ash contents decreased from 35.5 to 30.4 % and 9.9 to 8.1 %, respectively.