• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.124-129
• /
• 2001

하수종말처리장의 처리효율에 미치는 염분의 영향을 알기 위하여 염분의 농도 변화에 따른 종속영양세균, 총세균 그리고 FISH 방법으로 세균 군집 구조를 파악하였다. 총세균수는 염분과 관계없이 큰 변화가 없었으나, 종속영양세균수와 군집구조는 염분에 따라 다르게 변화하였다. 염분이 1% 인 경우에는 대조구에 큰 변화가 없었으나, 염분이 2% 이상이 되면 종속영양세균과 Eubacteria의 비율이 줄어들고, 세균 군집도 큰 변화가 있었다. 특히 Proteobacteria $\alpha$-group, $\gamma$-group 및 Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group의 비율이 감소하였다. 염분이 증가하면, 종속영양세균수와 세균 군집이 변화하므로, 하수처리과정에서 염분이 유입될 경우에는 염분을 1% 이하로 유지하여야 한다.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.122-128
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 J 하수 처리장의 최종 방류수를 대상으로 종속영양세균의 증식과 수중 물리, 화학적 영향인자와의 관계를 고찰하였다. 하수 중의 용존 유기물질 농도는 종속영양세균의 성장과 가장 밀접한 관계를 보였다. 미생물의 영양원인 단백질, 지방, 전분, 섬유소, 팩틴의 분해 세균 분포를 파악한 결과 하수 중 단백질 및 지방세균의 비율은 전체의 81%로 가장 높았다. 종속영양세균은 연중 8월에 가장 높은 수치를 나타냈다. 하수 방류수에 대해 10 mg/L의 유리염소를 주입하여 15 min간 접촉시 THMs의 농도는 $71{\mu}/L$ (< $100{\mu}/L$- 먹는 물 수질기준)의 값을 나타내어 높지 않았다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.399-404
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the population densities, R/S ratios, and identification of heterotrophic bacteria on the rhizosphere soil of halophyte Suaeda japonica found on the western and southern mudflats of Korea. The population densities of aerobic and anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria on the rhizosphere soil of Suaeda japonica were in the range of $1.3\;{\pm}\;0.3\;{\times}\;10^6\;{\sim}\;6.3\;{\pm}\;3.3\;{\times}\;10^7\;and\;2.8\;{\pm}\;1.3\;{\times}\;10^4\;{\sim}\;1.8\;{\pm}\;0.7\;{\times}\;10^7\;cfu\;g^{-1}\;d.\;wt.$, respectively. In case of physiologically specific bacteria, population densities of amylolytic bacteria on the rhizosphere soil of Suaeda japonica were in the range of $4.4\;{\pm}\;0.6\;{\times}\;10^6\;{\sim}\;2.5\;{\pm}\;1.2\;{\times}\;10^7\;cfu\;g^{-1}\;d.\;wt.$, those of cellulolytic bacteria were from $8.5\;{\pm}\;6.0\;{\times}\;10^4\;{\sim}\;2.3\;{\pm}\;1.6\;{\times}\;10^6\;cfu\;g^{-1}\;d.\;wt.$, and those of proteolytic bacteria were from $3.8\;{\pm}\;1.8\;{\times}\;10^5\;{\sim}\;4.2\;{\pm}\;2.9\;{\times}\;10^6\;cfu\;g^{-1}\;d.\;wt.$, respectively. The R/S ratios were ranged from 2.33 to 2.39. Among eleven isolates from the roots of halophyte Suaeda japonica of Goheung bay by using 16S rDNA analysis, five clones were closely related to ${\gamma}-Proteobacteria$ group and six clones were closely related to ${\alpha}-Proteobacteria$ group. Among four isolates from Suncheon bay, two strains were related to ${\gamma}-Proteobacteria$ group and another two were related to Actinobacteria and Bacilli group, respectively.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.230-236
• /
• 1988

최근 평화의 댐 건설에 따른 영향으로 다량의 물을 방류하여 미생물 생태계의 큰 변화가 예상되는 파로호에서 미생물 분포 및 활성도에 관하여 1987년 1월부터 11월까지 격월로 조사, 연구하였다. 총 세균수는 $0.3\times 10^{5}-13.1\times10 ^{5}$cells/ml의 비교적 낮은 값을 나타내었으며 3월에 급격한 증가를 보여 $10.7\times 10^{5}-13.1\times10 ^{5}$ cells/ml 의 최고치를 나타애었다. 종속영양세균은 $1.9\times 10^{3}$ - $3.1\times 10^{4}$CFUs/m의 변화를 갖으며 총 세균수의 변화와 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. Alpha-및 beta-glucosidase를 분비하는 세균의 비율은 지역적인 차이보다는 계절적인 변화가 우세하였으며 Phosphatase를 분비하는 세균의 비율은 22.7-63.0%로 최고치를 나타내었다. 전자전달계 활성도는 480-1696${\mu}gO_{2}$/l/day의 변화를 갖으며 지역적으로 유입수에서, 계절적으로 여름에 높았다. 유기연산염의 분해율은 0.4-9.1%/h로 다른 댐보다 낮았으며, 수온이 상승함에 따라 분해율이 커졌으며 Phosphatase를 분비하는 세균의 비율변화와 관계가 있음을 알 수 있였다. 종속영양세균의 생리적 활성도는 여름의 최고치가 8.2%/h로 계절적으로 DOM 증가 에 따른 활성도의 증가가 관찰되었다. 파로호의 급격한 변화는 세균류의 개체수 변화에 큰 영향을 미쳤으냐, 활성도 및 특정호소 분비세균비율에는 영향을 주지 못 하였다. 활성도 및 특정효소 분비비율은 계절적 소장이 뚜렷하여, 식물성플라크톤의 증식과 일차 생산력과의 밀접한 관계를 보였다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.131-137
• /
• 2008

This study investigated the population densities and diversity of heterotrophic bacteria, and the rhizosphere-to-soil ratios (R/S) in the rhizosphere soil of halophyte Phragmites communis at the western coastal mudflats of Korea. The population densities of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria on the rhizosphere soil of P. communis were in the range of $3.3\;{\pm}\;0.9\;{\times}\;10^7\;{\sim}\;1.2\;{\pm}\;0.5\;{\times}\;10^8\;cfu\;g^{-1}$ dry weight (d. wt.). Population densities of amylolytic bacteria ranged from $1.1\;{\pm}\;0.2\;{\times}\;10^6$ to $3.0\;{\pm}\;1.2\;{\times}\;10^6\;cfu\;g^{-1}\;d.\;wt.$, while those of cellulolytic bacteria and proteolytic bacteria ranged from $5.6\;{\pm}\;2.3\;{\times}\;10^6$ to $1.5\;{\pm}\;0.3\;{\times}\;10^7\;cfu\;g^{-1}\;d.\;wt.$ and from $1.4\;{\pm}\;0.3\;{\times}\;10^6$ to $3.5\;{\pm}\;2.3\;{\times}\;10^7 \;cfu\;g^{-1}\;d.\;wt.$, respectively. The R/S ratios ranged from 2.26 to 6.89. Genetic (16S DNA) analysis of fifty-one isolates from the roots of P. communis suggested that the dominant species were closely related to the ${\gamma}$-proteobacteria group (18 clones) and the ${\alpha}$-proteobacteria group (14 clones). We found that halophyte species and mudflat environment both affected the rhizosphere bacterial communities.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 2003

Seasonal fluctuations of physico-chemical and biological aspects of the environment were studied in Vladivostok harbour (Golden Horn Bay, the East Sea/Sea of Japan). The benthic community structure was described with a focus on size-spectra (bacteria, meio- and macrofauna) related with the chemical environment and chemical fluxes in sediment and to reveal their possible ecological role in the process of bioremediation of the environment. Samples from two sites with different concentrations of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn, Cr, Ni Cd, Co) and petroleum hydrocarbon were assessed by a number of methods. These included plate counts of culturable bacteria, observation through a scanning electron (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). These approaches were complemented with microscopic assessments of the diversity of the benthic community. The specific communities had a limited number of species, tolerant to abnormally high levels of toxic compounds. The dominant species were presented by several sho.1-lived small polychaetes (Capitella capitata) and nematodes (Oncholaimium ramosum). The highest population density was recorded in microbenthos, in various diatoms, various physiological groups of bacteria which participate in biomineralization: marine heterotrophic bacteria, which oxidized oil, black oil in addition to groups resistant to heavy metals. They have the entire set of mechanisms for neutralizing the negative effect of those compounds, forming the detrital food web and biogeochemical circulation of material in sediments, which results in the biological self-recycling of sea basins. Macro- and meiobenthic organisms were more sensitive to a greater extent of $H_2S$ and petroleum hydrocarbons than to metal content, but the within-site rankings were the same as those achieved for microbiological analyses.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국미생물학회 2005년도 International Meeting of the Microbiological Society of Korea
• /
• pp.201.2-201
• /
• 2005

• 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경농학회 2011년도 30주년 정기총회 및 국제심포지엄
• /
• pp.296-296
• /
• 2011

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.236-240
• /
• 1999

A preliminary study was carried out to find characteristics of microbial trophic relations in hypoxic waters of Lake Shihwa in May and August 1996. Abundances of bacteria, viruses, and heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) and HNF grazing on bacteria were measured. Dissolved O$_2$ (DO) saturation ranged from 13 to 34% in the bottom waters, and % of DO saturation strongly correlated with salinity. Ratios of HNF-to-bacteria abundance (42-118${\times}$10$^{-5}$) and biomass (0.06-0.25), and ratios of virus-to-bacteria abundance (110-297) in the hypoxic water were similar to those found in the surface layer, indicating similar structures of microbial abundances and trophic functions in hypoxicand surface waters during the study period. In the hypoxic water, an energy flow from organic matter to bacteria to HNF might operate as equally as in oxic surface layer.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.871-879
• /
• 2010

To figure out the removal efficiency of indicator and pathogenic bacteria by unit processes of a sewage treatment plant using activated sludge process, analyses were done for incoming sewage, influent and effluent of primary clarifier, aeration tank, secondary clarifier and final discharge conduit of the plant. A matrix of bacterial items (average of bacterial reduction [log/ml], p value of paired t-test, number of decreased cases of twenty analyses, removal percentage only for decreased cases) between incoming sewage and final effluent of the plant were heterotrophic plate counts (1.54, 0.000, 20, 95.01), total coliforms (1.38, 0.000, 19, 83.94), fecal coliforms (0.90, 0.000, 20, 94.84), fecal streptococci (0.90, 0.000, 20, 98.08), presumptive Salmonella (0.23, 0.561, 7, 99.09), and presumptive Shigella (1.02, 0.002, 15, 92.98). Total coliforms, fecal coliforms, heterotrophic plate counts, and fecal streptococci showed highest decrease through secondary clarifier about 1-log (p<0.001) between 88% and 96%, and primary clarifier represented the significant (p<0.05) decrease. However, final effluent through discharge conduit showed higher total coliforms and fecal streptococci than effluent of secondary clarifier (p<0.05). In addition, final effluent once violated the water quality standard while effluent of secondary clarifier satisfied the standard. Hence some control measures including elimination of deposits in discharge conduit or disinfection of final effluent are necessary.