• 생약학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.136-141
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• 1998

To analyze scientifically the polyprescription principle of Daekumeumja(對金飮子), which has been used for alcoholic damage, and Pyungwesan(平胃散), which has been used for indigestion, the transforming rate of hesperidin of these polyprescriptions to hesperetin was investigated. The transforming rate of the former was higher 3 times than that of the latter. The transforming rate of hesperidin of Aurantii nobilis Pericarpium was inhibited by Magnoliae Cortex, but was activated by Glycyrrhizae Radix. The activity of trypsin was inhibited by Glycyrrhizae Radix and Daekumeuja. However, Aurantii nobilis Pericarpium, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Magnoliae Cortex and Pyungwesan did not inhibited it. When human intestinal microflora were cultured with the media containing Daekumeumja, Pyungwesan and herbal medicines consisting of them, Aurantii nobilis Pericarpium and Magnoliae Cortex inhibited the activity of ${\beta}$-glucosidase. These results suggests that the therapeutic effect of Daekumeumja may be better than that of Pyungwesan on alcoholic damage and the therapeutic effect of Pyungwesan may be better than that of Daekumeumja on indigestion, although these prescriptions are consisted of the same herbal medicines.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.9-12
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• 2010

Objectives : To evaluate the extraction efficiency of water decoction with or without non-woven fabric underlying comparison of the HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) profiles of the hesperidin which is the standard of Citri Pericarpium. Methods : Pyungwisan, which is comprised of Atractylodis Rhizoma, Magnoliae Cortex, Citri Pericarpium, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Zingiberis Rhizoma, and Ziziphy Fructus, was extracted in boiling water with non-woven fabric or without non-woven fabric. Then hesperidin content was analyzed by HPLC. Results : The contents of hesperidin in the water extract of Pyungwisan which was decocted without non-woven fabric showed $219.57{\pm}2.51\;mg/g$ and $138.90{\pm}6.32\;mg/g$ in with non-woven fabric decoction. Conclusions : These results suggest that herbal decoction without non-woven fabric might increase extraction efficiency.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.143-146
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• 2001

Eight flavonoids, including rutin, naringin, hesperidin, quercetin, hesperetin, nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-methoxylated flavone, and tangeretin, in the peels of satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) species of Halla, Gungcheon, Hungjin, Namgam-20, Illnam-1, and Chungdo harvested between August and December were analyzed through HPLC. Hesperidin content of Halla harvested during early maturation was 28.70 mg/g, and was the highest among the tested citrus fruits. Rutin content of Hungjin harvested during early maturation was 2.66 mg/g. Naringin in all citrus species and hesperetin in Halla, Gungchun, Namgam-20, and Chungdo were only detected in the peel of fruits harvested during early maturation. Hesperidin and rutin were detected mainly in all citrus species, and other flavonoids in trace. Flavonoid content in the peel of fruits was high during early maturation. Flavonoid contents in the peels of all fruit samples were generally high in the early stage of maturation, which then decreased rapidly.

• 폴리머
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2014

망막색소상피(retinal pigment epithelium, RPE)는 시기능을 유지하는데 중요한 역할을 하여 RPE의 퇴화는 여러 망막변성질병을 유발한다. 현재 이에 대한 효과적인 치료법이 부족하여 세포 이식에 적합한 지지체를 제작하기 위해, 생분해성 고분자인 PLGA와 항염증, 항산화 작용 등의 기능이 있는 헤스페리딘을 이용하여 하이브리드 필름을 제조하였다. ARPE-19를 파종한 후, MTT 분석법을 이용하여 세포 증식률을 확인하고, 세포의 부착 및 세포 형태를 SEM을 통하여 확인하였다. 또한 RPE 세포의 특이적 유전자 발현정도를 확인하기 위하여 RT-PCR을 수행하였고, RPE65의 발현을 확인하기 위해 AEC 면역화학적 염색을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 헤스페리딘/PLGA 필름은 PLGA보다 RPE 세포의 부착, 증식 및 표현형 유지가 우수함을 확인하였고, 이를 통해 헤스페리딘/PLGA 필름의 망막재생을 위한 조직공학적 담체로써 응용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.318-326
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• 1991

사염화탄소(carbon tetrachloride, 이하 $CCl_4$라함)에 의한 간 중독시 flavonoids가 미치는 영향을 보기 위하여 $CCl_4$를 투여한 뒤 rutin, hesperidin을 주사하여 경시적으로 간 microsome과 혈청중 total cholesterol, transaminase(GOT, GPT) 및 alkaline phosphatase(Alk. P) 활성도를 측정 비교하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. (1) 간장중 total cholesterol 함량은 rutin과 hesperidin 1회 투여후 1일에 대조군과 비교할 때 감소하다가 2일에 45%까지 증가되었으나 4일 후에는 정상으로 완전히 회복 되었다. 이와 같은 현상은 혈청중 cholesterol 함량에도 직접적으로 영향을 주어 시간이 경과함에 따라 어느정도 저하됨을 알 수 있었지만 혈청중에서 positive한 결과를 얻기는 어려웠다. (2) 간의 microsome 분획의 Alk. P 활성도는 대조군의 활성치에 비하여 2일에 급격히 증가를 보인 후 4일만에 대조군보다 낮은 활성을 보이다가 6일까지 완만하게 증가하였다. 그러나 본 연구에서 Alk. P 활성도는 $CCl_4$ 투여군과 비교할 때 flavonoids 투여후 별다른 변동은 없었다. 그러나 혈청중 Alk. P 활성도는 hesperidin 투여로 인하여 저하 효과를 나타냈다. (3) GPT 활성도를 측정한 결과 간의 microsome 분획에서는 hesperidin 2회 투여에서, 그리고 혈청중 GPT 활성은 rutin과 hesperidin 두군 모두에서 아주 낮은 활성을 보여 flavonoids가 $CCl_4$ 투여로 인한 간독성을 해독하는 작용이 있음을 보여 주었다. (4) $CCl_4$독성을 일으킨 흰쥐의 간 microsome내 GOT 활성은 rutin 투여로 인하여 불규칙한 변동을 보여 rutin이 GOT활성에 별다른 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 hesperidin 투여군에서는 증감의 변동없이 대조군치와 거의 비슷한 수준을 유지하였지만 $CCl_4$ 투여군과 비교할 때 낮은 활성을 보였다. 혈청중에서 GOT 활성은 flavonoids 1회 투여군에서는 4일만에, 2회 투여군에서는 6일만에 서서히 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 이상과 같이 $CCl_4$에 의하여 상승되는 total cholesterol, GPT, GOT, Alk. P의 활성도는 flavonoids중 rutin과 hesperidin 성분이 감소시키는 작용이 있는 것으로 보이며, 특히 hesperidin 성분은 $CCl_4$ 중독을 억제 또는 방어하고 치료에 효과가 있는 것으로 본다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2015

Our previous study demonstrated that yuzu has an anti-platelet effect in rat blood. In the present study, we examined whether the anti-platelet effect of yuzu can be extended to human blood by investigating its ability to inhibit aggregations induced by various agonists in human platelet rich plasma (PRP). This study also investigated the underlying mechanism of yuzu focusing on ADP granule secretion, $TXB_2$ formations, and $PLC{\gamma}$/Akt signaling. The results from this study showed that ethanolic yuzu extract (YE), and its components, hesperidin and naringin, inhibited human platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. YE, hesperidin and naringin also inhibited $TXB_2$ formation and ADP release. The phosphorylation of $PLC{\gamma}$ and Akt was significantly inhibited by YE, heperidin and naringin. Furthermore, we demonstrated that YE, heperidin and naringin has anti-platelet effects in rat ex vivo studies, and lower side effects in mice tail bleeding time studies. The results from this study suggest that YE, hesperidin and naringin can inhibit human platelet aggregation, at least partly through the inhibition of $PLC{\gamma}$ and Akt, leading to a decrease in $TXB_2$ formation and granule secretion.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.195-200
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• 2005

Objecitves: Peel of Citrus unshiu (Rutaceae) has been used in traditional herbal prescriptions. Hesperidin and naringin contents of Citri Unshii Pericarpium were determined and compared to herbal prescriptions. Then, the different extractions from prescriptions are explained with traditional herbal theories. Methods: The herb and herbal prescriptions were extracted in boiled water. A quantitative analysis was made of hesperidin and naringin using HPLC with-reversed-phase CIS column and a UV detector at 204nm. Elution was carried out at 1.0ml/min with $38\%$ methanol. Results and Conclusions: The extract of Citri Unshii Pericarpium for 180 min was the better method for extracting naringin and hesperidin. The flavonoid contents in remedies are different among several traditional herbal prescriptions. The reason for the difference can be explained with traditional drug interaction theories.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.337-341
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• 2011

An HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography)-PDA (photodiode array) detection method was established for the determination of naringin, hesperidin and neohesperidin in the fruit of Citrus paradisi and C. grandis. The flavonoids were separated in less than 20 min using an YMC RP 18 column with isocratic elution using acetonitrile and water (23 : 77, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min, and a PDA detector. The levels of naringin, hesperidin and neohesperidin were 1345.92, 950.62, and 2078.82 ${\mu}g/g$, respectively, in the peel, and 102.43, 59.13, and 86.68 ${\mu}g/g$, respectively, in the flesh of C. paradisi. In C. grandis, the levels of naringin, hesperidin and neohesperidin were 3530.56, 80.00, and 5.26 ${\mu}g/g$, respectively, in the peel, and 59.59, 7.43, and 38.41 ${\mu}g/g$, respectively, in the flesh. The total content was highest in the peel, reaching 0.44% and 0.36% in C. paradisi and C. grandis, respectively, while the flesh contained only 0.025% and 0.011%, respectively. Therefore, the peels of C. paradisi and C. grandis are necessary for the processing and utilization of flavonoids.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.181-187
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• 1997

New HPLC method was developed for determination of some flavonoids such as naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, rutin, quercitrin, naringenin, hesperetin and apigenin and their contents in citrus juice and citrus peel from citrus varieties Brown in Cheju. Detection was at 280nm and reverse phase ${\mu}$-Bondapak C-18 column was used. Water/methanol/acetic acid as the mobile phase was better than water/acetonitrile/acetic acid. Flavonoids were more stable in 20% n,n-dimethylformamide in methanol(20% DMF) than methanol and pH 12 adjusted by 1N-sodium hydroxide solution. Standard flavonoid solutions were injected three times consecutively and the reproduciability was 0.236 to 3.550%, Correlation coefficient of the calibration curve was 0.9946 to 0.9999. The exiraction efficiency of hesperidin from citrus peel was evaluated with different extraction method such as reflux, ultra-sonicating method, using three solvents (aqueous solutions with pH12 adjusted by 1N-sodium hydroxide, methanol and 20% DMF), respectively. The reflux for 4 hour in 20% DMF was the most efficient of the tested methods and solvents, and recovery percentage were 78.0∼130.0%. Flavonoids were determined in citrus juice. Naringin was 68.2mg/100$m\ell$ in Natsudaidai, Hesperidin were 85.6mg/100$m\ell$ in Sankyool and Neohesperidin was 25.3mg/100$m\ell$ in Dangyooja. Flavonoids were determined in citrus peel. Naringin was 110mg/g in Dangyooja, Hesperidin was 242mg/g in Hungjin and Neohesperidin was 87.9mg/g in Dangyooja.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.38-41
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• 2004

유자 착즙액에 naringiase와 탁주용 당화 효소 3% 처리 결과 naringin과 hesperidin의 함량이 61.94 mg%, 9.98 mg%에서 각각 8.43 mg%, 0.06 mg%와 6.58 mg%, 1.11 mg% 감소하였다. Hunter value를 측정한 결과 적색도/녹색도(a값)는 효소처리구 모두 대조구보다 높게 나타났고, 황색도(b값)와 명도(L값)는 탁주용 당화 효소가 가장 높았다. 복합 효소 처리후 실제 관능적으로 고미제거에 대한 효과와 선호도를 조사한 결과는 각 제조사별 복합효소를 처리한 시료구가 대조구보다 전체적으로 선호도가 높았고, naringin의 함량이 적을수록 기호도는 증가하였다. 호소의 최적 첨가량은 3% 내외가 바람직한 것으로 사료된다.