• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.147-150
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• 2012

Purpose: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection is a common childhood disease. However, old and immune compromised patients are also at risk. Necrotizing fasciitis is a life threatening infection of the subcutaneous tissues, rapidly extending along the fascial planes. It is associated with a significant mortality rate, reported between 20% and 50%, and is therefore regarded as a surgical emergency. The authors treated a patient, who developed skin necrosis of her nose and left hemifacial area, following VZV infection. There are few literatures concerning this case; therefore, we present a rare case with review of literature. Methods: A 39-year-old woman had shown a localized, painful, multiple bullae and eschar formation in her nose and left hemifacial area for several days. Her skin lesion had rapidly worsened in size and morphology. Results: We diagnosed her as a necrotizing fasciitis, following herpes zoster, and then we performed a debridement of necrotic tissue and took a full thickness skin graft on her nose and left hemifacial area. Now, she was followed up with acceptable aesthetic result after 6 months. Conclusion: Secondary bacterial skin infection following VZV, can cause a result in a higher risk of complications. Among the complication, a necrotizing fasciitis of the head and neck is uncommon, and involvement of the nose is even more rare. Through this uncommon case report, we intend to emphasize the fact that early diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis is very important, since it frequently necessitates surgical treatment which improves morbidity and leads to good recovery.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.607-610
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• 2009

수두 바이러스는 두 가지 임상 증후군을 유발하는 데, 초회 감염되면 수두를, 지각 신경절에 잠복해 있다가 재발하면 대상포진을 일으킨다. 수두백신이 널리 이용되면서 수두 이후의 대상포진 뿐만 아니라 수두백신 접종 후 발생한 대상포진도 관찰되고 있다. 수두바이러스에 의한 합병증으로는 2차 세균감염에 의한 농가진, 연조직염 등의 피부감염이 가장 흔하며 이외에도 호흡기계와 신경계의 합병증이 잘 알려져 있다. 또 수두 바이러스 감염 후의 합병증으로 심부정맥혈전증이 매우 드물게 보고되고 있다. 주로 혈관벽의 손상과 관련된 것으로 여겨지며 하지 정맥을 침범한다. 수두 감염된 심부정맥혈전증 증상을 보이는 환자에서 합병증을 의심하고 조기 진단하여 항응고치료를 하는 것이 추천된다. 이에 저자들은 수두 백신만 1회 접종한 환아에서 심부정맥혈전증을 동반한 대상포진이 발생하여 acyclovir 정맥주사와 저분자량 헤파린 피하주사로 회복되어 보고한다.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.215-224
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• 1998

Cloning, sequencing and expressing in E. coli of the thymidine kinase (TK) gene of Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) strain F was investigated. The TK gene, located in the BamHI 3.74 kb DNA fragment of the plasmid pHLA-12, was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The 1,131 kb PCR product was cloned into the BamHI and EcoRI sites of pBacPAK9 plasmid and then named pBac-TK recombinant. The TK gene was subcloned into the BamHI and BglII sites of pQE-30, and named pQE-TK recombinant. The nucleotide sequence of the 1,131 kb TK gene was determined, and the GC content was 65.13%. There were deduced 367 amino acid residues with a total molecular weight of 43 kDa. The weight was confirmed by the protein produced by E. coli M15/pQE-TK on the SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The production of the TK protein in the IPTG induced cells was measured over 4 h. At the end of 1, 2 and 3 h the level increased by 146, 204 and 242%, respectively. The amount of the protein at the highest fraction purified with Ni-NTA resin chromatography was $0.68\;{\mu}g$ per ml. The soluble state TK protein was present in the cytoplasm. In these results the F strain was different in base sequence and amino acid sequence from that of the CL101 strain, which caused difference in their strains.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.230-235
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• 2002

저자들은 임신 중에 수두를 앓거나 수두 환자와 접촉한 과거력이 없는 산모로부터 출산된 신생아가 생후 7일에 수두를 앓고 난 직후의 아이와 접촉한 후 생후 9개월에 우측 11번 흉곽 신경절을 따라 발생된 대상포진을 임상 및 검사로 확진하였고, acyclovir로 치유한 경험을 하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.144-147
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• 1999

A 72-year-old female patient was presented complaining of unbearable abdominal pain in the upper left quadrant at our hospital. Two weeks earlier she had developed a vesicular eruption on the right C3 dermatome and 1 week earlier she had experienced a vesicular eruption on the left T11 dermatome. Her medical history was unremarkable. She had suffered from severe abdominal pain in the upper left quadrant for 10 days and the mild pain in the right shoulder region for 20 days. The pain in the upper left quadrant had increased and was unresponsive to drugs prescribed by the local clinic. And we performed T11 root block with 0.5% lidocaine 5 ml and dexametasone 5 mg, and thoracic epidural blockade on 1st hospital day under diagnosis of herpes zoster infection. Her VAS were improved from 10 to 2 on 2nd hospital day. We performed thoracic epidural blockade with 0.5% lidocaine 6 ml. Her VAS were changed from 2 to 7 and so then we performed the thoracic epidural blockade with 0.5% lidocaine 5 ml and triamcinolone 40 mg on 3rd hospital day. On 4th hospital day, her VAS were from 7 to 1. After 4 month of our managements she was tolerable without any medications.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.210-218
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• 2013

Numerous studies have suggested that Korean red ginseng (KRG) extract has various immune modulatory activities both in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we used a mouse model to examine the effects of orally administered KRG extract on immunity against herpes simplex virus (HSV). Balb/c mice were administered with 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg oral doses of KRG extract for 10 d and then vaginally infected with HSV. We found that KRG extract rendered recipients more resistant against HSV vaginal infection and further systemic infection, including decreased clinical severity, increased survival rate, and accelerated viral clearance. Such results appeared to be mediated by increased vaginal IFN-${\gamma}$ secretion. Moreover, increased mRNA expression of IFN-${\gamma}$, granzyme B, and Fas-ligand was identified in the iliac lymph node and vaginal tracts of KRG extract treated groups (200 and 400 mg/kg). These results suggest that the activities of local natural killer cells were promoted by KRG extract consumption and that KRG may be an attractive immune stimulator for helping hosts overcome HSV infection.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제45권7호
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• pp.479-494
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• 2022

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that have been intensively studied as therapeutic tools for a variety of disorders. To enhance the efficacy of MSCs, therapeutic genes are introduced using retroviral and lentiviral vectors. However, serious adverse events (SAEs) such as tumorigenesis can be induced by insertional mutagenesis. We generated lentiviral vectors encoding the wild-type herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene and a gene containing a point mutation that results in an alanine to histidine substitution at residue 168 (TK(A168H)) and transduced expression in MSCs (MSC-TK and MSC-TK(A168H)). Transduction of lentiviral vectors encoding the TK(A168H) mutant did not alter the proliferation capacity, mesodermal differentiation potential, or surface antigenicity of MSCs. The MSC-TK(A168H) cells were genetically stable, as shown by karyotyping. MSC-TK(A168H) responded to ganciclovir (GCV) with an half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value 10-fold less than that of MSC-TK. Because MSC-TK(A168H) cells were found to be non-tumorigenic, a U87-TK(A168H) subcutaneous tumor was used as a SAE-like condition and we evaluated the effect of valganciclovir (vGCV), an oral prodrug for GCV. U87-TK(A168H) tumors were more efficiently ablated by 200 mg/kg vGCV than U87-TK tumors. These results indicate that MSC-TK(A168H) cells appear to be pre-clinically safe for therapeutic use. We propose that genetic modification with HSV-TK(A168H) makes allogeneic MSC-based ex vivo therapy safer by eliminating transplanted cells during SAEs such as uncontrolled cell proliferation.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2022

대상포진은 소아에서 흔하지 않은 질환이며, 국외의 자료에서는 수두 백신 접종 정책 시행 후 대상포진의 발생률이 감소되었다. 저자들은 건강한 어린 소아에서 수두 백신 접종 후 발생한 대상포진 2예를 경험하였다. 특히 이중 1예에서는 피부 검체를 검사하여 대상포진이 백신주 varicella-zoster virus (VZV)에 의한 것을 확인하였다. 2예 모두 발진이 번지는 양상이어서 항바이러스제를 투여하였고 호전되었다. 수두 백신을 접종 받은 어린 소아가, 수두에 이환 되거나 노출된 적이 없으며, 대상포진이 발병하였을 경우 백신주에 의한 대상포진의 가능성을 고려해야 한다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.16-34
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• 2023

Herpes zoster (HZ) results from the reactivation of a varicella-zoster virus infection and is accompanied by moderate-to-severe pain in most patients. The most common treatment is medication; however, there are still limitations. Acupuncture reportedly has meaningful therapeutic effects and is a possible alternative option in HZ. However, no systematic reviews examining the use of acupuncture and electro-acupuncture (EA) alone have been published; in this study, we therefore aimed to systematically review those techniques. We searched for clinical trials of acupuncture and EA treatment for HZ up to October 2022. Trials that used acupuncture were included. Outcomes were visual analog scale (VAS) and effective rate. Secondary outcomes were time to pain relief, time to pain elimination, incrustation, decrustation, lastly incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN). In total, 22 randomized controlled trials were included in this research. Compared with conventional medication therapy, acupuncture was associated with a significant improvement in VAS, effective rate, and times to pain relief and elimination. Times to new blister cessation, incrustation, and decrustation (days) were significantly improved. Furthermore, the incidence rate of PHN was lower in acupuncture groups. The results suggest that acupuncture could be a reasonable treatment option for patients with HZ who suffer from pain and accompanying symptoms.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.384-394
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• 2024

Background: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), known to latently infect the host's trigeminal ganglion, can lead to severe herpes encephalitis or asymptomatic infection, potentially contributing to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. The virus generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that significantly impact viral replication and induce chronic inflammation through NF-κB activation. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an oxidative stress regulator, can prevent and treat HSV-1 infection by activating the passive defense response in the early stages of infection. Methods and results: Our study investigated the antiviral effects of ginsenoside Rg5, an Nrf2 activator, on HSV-1 replication and several host cell signaling pathways. We found that HSV-1 infection inhibited Nrf2 activity in host cells, induced ROS/NF-κB signaling, and triggered inflammatory cytokines. However, treatment with ginsenoside Rg5 inhibited ROS/NF-κB signaling and reduced inflammatory cytokines through NRF2 induction. Interestingly, the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 suppressed the expression of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1) and enhanced the expression of KEAP1 in HSV-1 infected cells. This led to the reversal of VP16 expression inhibition, a protein factor associated with HSV-1 infection, thereby promoting HSV-1 replication. Conclusion: These findings suggest for the first time that ginsenoside Rg5 may serve as an antiviral against HSV-1 infection and could be a novel therapeutic agent for HSV-1-induced neuroinflammation.