• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Objectives : Gossypium arboreum (cotton) is traditionally used to treat various health disorders. However, anti-amnesic effect of G. arboreum has not been reported. The objective of this study was to investigate in-vivo the anti-amnesic effects along with in vitro antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition potential in G. arboreum seed essential oil. Methods : The essential oil of G. arboreum obtained by solid phase microextraction (SPME) techniques were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay were performed to determine the antioxidant activity at various concentrations (312.5, 625, 1250, 2500, 5000, 10000 ㎍/㎖. Y-maze, passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests were carried out to evaluate improved effect on scopolamine (1 mg/kg)-induced memory dysfunction at the dose level of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. Donepezil (5 mg/kg) was used as a positive drug control. We performed acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity assay in ex vivo. Results : Five volatile compounds were identified in G. arboreum. The assays of DPPH and ABTS revealed that G. arboreum increased antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. G. arboreum ameliorated the percent of spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test, shortened step-through latency in the passive avoidance test, and increased swimming time in the target zone in the Morris water maze test. In addition, G. arboreum inhibited the AChE activity. Conclusions : Based on these findings, G. arboreum may aid in the prevention and treatment of learning and memory-deficit disorders through antioxidant and AChE inhibitory activities.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1317-1321
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• 2004

The differentiation of the sebaceous gland is remarkably species-specific and sebocytes may play crucial parts in the pathophysiologic processes and disorders of pilosebaceous unit SZ95 cell is an immortalized human sebaceous gland cell line that shows characteristics of normal human sebocytes, In this study, we investigated the effect of testosterone and the anti-androgenic effect of 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cis-RA) on lipid synthesis in SZ95 cells. Cytoplasmic lipid droplets were shown by Oil-red staining. The majority of the SZ95 cells positively labeled with Oil-red dye, while HaCaT cells negatively labeled with Oil red dye. Total lipid level of SZ96 cells is higher 4 times than that of HaCat cells. Testosterone markedly increased 2 times lipid synthesis of SZ95 cells in compared with control. 13-cis-RA significantly inhibited lipid synthesis and cell proliferation in SZ95 cells. Combined treatment with testosterone and 13-cis-RA resulted in a lower total lipid levels than that with androgen alone. In conclusion, SZ95 cells well resembled the morphologic and functional characteritics of normal human sebocytes. This in vitro model could provide a valuable tool for the study of sebocytes with a key role in pathophysiology and differentiation of sebaceous glands.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.106-110
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• 2020

Citrus mosaic sadwavirus (CiMV) is a closely related virus with the Satsuma dwarf virus (SDV) along with Navel orange infectious mottling virus (NIMV), Natsudaidai dwarf virus (NDV), and Hyugagatsu virus (HV). The present study found that the typical symptoms of CiMV-infected citrus fruits include the appearance of dark blue speckles or ringspots on fruit rinds and the browning of oil glands in the spots as rind coloring began. As rind coloring progressed, the spots gradually faded, whereas the browning of the oil glands worsened to the point that the tissues surrounding the oil glands became necrotic. In very early satsuma mandarins (Citrus unshiu 'Miyamoto Wase') and 'Setoka' cultivar (C. hybrid 'Setoka') of late-maturity citrus, the symptomatic fruits were eventually dropped. And in early satsuma mandarin (C. unshiu 'Miyakawa Wase'), the peel hardness of the virus-infected fruit (1,618.3 ± 305.5, g-force) was more than twice as hard as that of the healthy fruit (636.5 ± 39.1, g-force). The ratio of flesh weight to total fruit weight was higher for the healthy fruit (77.3 ± 1.7%) than for the infected fruit (70.7 ± 0.6) and peel puffing was more severe in the infected fruit (2.9 ± 0.4 mm) than in the healthy fruit (0.9 ± 0.2 mm). The soluble solids content in infected citrus fruits was less values than the healthy fruit by 0.5-1.5 °Brix. These findings reveal that CiMV infection on citrus trees reduces the fruit quality of citrus.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.444-450
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• 2016

Background: The roots of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi contain atractylone, which is used to suppress appetite and indigestion caused by gastrointestinal disturbance. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of several organic compost on the growth and root yield of A. macrocephala with organic fertilizer. Methods and Results: When organic fertilizer was applied basally, the average yield of 10 a was 184.6 kg in the HA (Hwanggeumjidae, organic material mix), 171.3 kg in the GG (Gyunbaeyangchegreen, bacterial cuture filtrate) and 175.0 kg in the CF (Customary fertilization, control) each other in practice of CF had no statistical significance. Atractylenolide I was significantly greater in the HA (0.036%) than the GG (0.034%) or CF (0.023%). With regard to the amount of organic fertilzer, 10 a yield was the most common of 203.0 kg at 2.0 times of the organic 1 (HA), conventional fertilization of 134.0 kg and 173.0 kg of no application was a statistically significant. Organic fertilizer 1 was 1.5 to 2.0 times, organic fertilizer was 2 to 1.5 times that were most suitable. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that HA and GG are the most suitable for the organic cultivation of A. macrocephala. The content of atractylone I was highest under the HA treatment and lowest under the CU (Chamjoa, oil cake), TG (Totogreen, plant oil cake) and HG (Heuksalgreen, Castor oil cake) treatment.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.37-44
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• 2019

Objectives : Acne is a common disease that affects more than 70% of adolescents. Acne patients have a poor quality of life compared to patients with other skin diseases. We tried to demonstrate the effectiveness of acne treatment using cleansing soap which is easily used in daily life. Methods : We selected 20 students with acne symptoms on their facial skin. We made herbal Cp (Cold process) soaps using Seosiokyongsan, Kyungohkgo, Hwangryunhaedoktang and Baeksoooh and distributed them to experiment participants. We let them wash their face in the morning and evening for 6 weeks using herbal Cp soap. Prior to the experiment, their skin condition was checked and assessed using A-ONE Smart One-Click Automatic Facial Diagnosis System three times at 3-week intervals. Acne status was classified into 6 stages according to KAGS and acne status was also measured 3 times in total. After the experiment, the changes of skin were analyzed through facial analysis test. Results : Based on the KAGS classification, the condition of acne has improved as a whole. The state of moisture was gradually increased and the state of skin oil was significantly decreased after 6 weeks of using soap compared to before using soap. Conclusions : Cp soaps made from four kinds of herbal medicine are believed to improve the condition of acne by increasing the moisture of the facial skin and decreasing the skin oil content.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.737-747
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• 2017

This experiment was carried out to determine the optimal concentration of agricultural organic materials using sulfur and oil for the insect pest control in pepper and cherry tomato cultivation. The control value of aphids and Oriental tobacco budworm (OTB) was examined one day after spraying with sulfur preparation (SP) (0.33~0.17%), oil preparations (OP) (2.00~0.33%), SP+OP, OP+ginkgo leaf extracts (GLE), SP+OP+GLE on the "Super Manidaa"pepper. The aphid control in pepper was complete by applications of SP+OP (0.25+1.00%) in the early growth stage and the control value was above 98.1% by the application of OP+GLE (1.00+1.00 %), SP+OP+GLE (0.25+1.0+1%), SP+OP+GLE (0.25+1.0+0.5%) in the middle to late growth stage while showing 0% in the control treatment. The OTB was completely controlled by the 3 times application with the high concentration of SP+OP (0.25+1.00%) in pepper cultivation. This result indicates that the oil and the sulfur preparations should be applied at low concentration before insect pests do not appeared, and then sprayed at the high concentration after they appear at pepper plant. The greenhouse whitefly in 'Minichal' tomatoes was completely controlled by three times application of SP (0.25~0.33), OP (1.0~2.00%). and all the treatment of SP+OP. However, continuous control with intervals of 1~3 days was considered favorable in the tomato plant. By the periodical control with agricultural organic materials using sulfur and oil, the greenhouse whitefly, which is a high-temperature insect pest, several moths of OTB did not occur at all. In conclusion, SP+OP (0.17%+0.33%) treatment was the most economical combination to control the aphid, OTB, and greenhouse whitefly in pepper and tomato cultivation when considering operating cost. In addition, we recommend that SP should not be sprayed on the plant shoots during the day time from July to August because of high temperature.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.285-292
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• 2014

Essential oil yields and chemical compositions from 5 populations of Chamaecyparis obtusa with several environmental factors were investigated through essential oil extracted distillation apparatus and metabolite profiling by GC-MS analysis. Among the populations, content of essential oil at Gokseong was significantly higher than other populations. To compare the several environmental factors affecting on chemical composition and essential oil yields from C. obtuse at Gokseong, the environmental factors (soil condition, temperature, humidity, and moisture content) were measured during 1 year. The essential oils at Goksung based on humidity on March, July, and November was significantly different from other months. The essential oils at Goksung based on temperature on July and August was significantly different from other months. The essential oils at Goksung based on the moisture content on September were significantly different from other months. The percentage of T-N, OM, and yield of oil at Gokseong were significantly different on from other populations. The main constituents of C. obtusa at all populations were ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, ${\alpha}$-terpinene, ${\gamma}$-terpinene, terpinene-4-ol, isobonyl acetate, terpinyl acetate, and cedar acetate. Specially, Essential oil compositions (%) of ${\alpha}$-terpinene and cedar acetate were higher at Gokseong than at other populations. The chemical compositions of essential oils were variable depend on populations and environmental conditions. Therefore, this study might be used as fundamental research on study for selection of high productive terpenoids and for understanding about biosynthesis of essential oils in C. obtusa.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.531-536
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• 2007

The aerial part of Artemisia iwayomogi Kitamura has traditionally been used for inflammation, infectious disease, cancer, pyretic, diuretic, liver protective effect, and choleretic purposes in Korea. We investigated that the essential oil induces apoptosis in KB cell as evidenced by Hoechst-33258 dye staining, flow cytometry (cell cycles), and DNA fragmentation for nuclear condensation and Western blotting for activation of caspases-3, -8, -9, Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. In the present study, we found that the essential oil could induce apoptosis in KB cells, as characterized by DNA fragmentation, activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9, and PARP cleavage. The efficacious induction of apoptosis was observed as a dose-dependent. The essential oil-induced apoptotic cell death was accompanied by up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2. The essential oil also caused the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytosol. These findings indicate that mitochondrial pathways might be involved in the essential oil-induced apoptosis and enhance our understanding of the anticancer function of the essential oil in herbal medicine.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.120-128
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to investigate the variation of crude protein, crude oil, fatty acid, and sugar contents in five Korean domestic black soybean cultivars grown at different latitudinal locations, a high latitude, Suwon ($37^{\circ}$16'N) and a low latitude, Milyang ($35^{\circ}$30'N). The crude protein content was highest in Geomjeongkong # 3 (43.9%) and crude oil content was highest in Geomjeongkong # 4 (21.8%) among the five cultivars. Crude protein and oil contents in black soybean cultivars except Geomjeongkong # 4 were not significantly different between high latitude and low latitude. In most black soybean cultivars grown at high latitude, oleic acid content was higher, while linoleic acid, and linolenic acid contents were lower compared to low latitude. Sucrose content in Geomjeongkong # 3, raffinose contents in Geomjeongkong # 3, # 4, Ilpumgeomjeongkong, and Cheongjakong, and stachyose content in Geomjeongkong # 1 grown at low latitude was higher compared to high latitude. The variations of crude protein, crude oil and fatty acid contents seemed to be affected by genotype than growing locations according to different latitude as they did not show the significant interaction between cultivars and locations. In contrast, the variations of glucose, sucrose, and stachyose contents maybe affected by environmental condition as different latitude than the genotype because they showed the significant interaction between cultivars and locations.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.146-151
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• 2011

Essential oil was extracted from cones of metasequoia (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) by steam distillation, fragrance was determined by sensorial analysis and chemical compositions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with solid-phase microextraction apparatus. Metasequia contained 0.40% of essential oil in the cone. Major impact fragrances of the essential oil were woody, coniferous and herbal, and minor impact fragrances were minty, spicy and oily. There were nine constituents in the essential oil : 8 hydrocarbons and 1 oxide. Constituents were limonene (66.18%), ${\delta}$-3-carene (11.11%), ${\beta}$-caryophyllene (6.66%), ${\beta}$-myrcene (5.92%), ${\beta}$-pinene (4.14%), caryophyllene oxide (2.39%), camphene (2.32%), ${\alpha}$-caryophyllene (0.85%), and tricyclene (0.43%). Herbal and minty frangrances could be due to limonene and ${\delta}$-3-carene, spicy frangrance to caryophyllene, woody and coniferous frangrances to ${\alpha}$-pinene and ${\beta}$-pinene, and oily fragrance to camphene.