• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2024

Ginseng is a traditional herbal medicine used for prevention and treatment of various diseases as a tonic. Recent scientific cohort studies on life prolongation with ginseng consumption support this record, as those who consumed ginseng for more than 5 years had reduced mortality and cognitive decline compared to those who did not. Clinical studies have also shown that acute or long-term intake of ginseng total extract improves acute working memory performance or cognitive function in healthy individuals and those with subjective memory impairment (SMI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or early Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia who are taking AD medication(s). Ginseng contains various components ranging from classical ginsenosides and polysaccharides to more recently described gintonin. However, it is unclear which ginseng component(s) might be the main candidate that contribute to memory or cognitive improvements or prevent cognitive decline in older individuals. This review describes recent clinical contributors to ginseng components in clinical tests and introduces emerging evidence that ginseng components could be novel candidates for cognitive improvement in older individuals, as ginseng components improve SMI cognition and exhibits add-on effects when coadministered with early AD dementia drugs. The mechanism behind the beneficial effects of ginseng components and how it improves cognition are presented. Additionally, this review shows how ginseng components can contribute to SMI, MCI, or early AD dementia when used as a supplementary food and/or medicine, and proposes a novel combination therapy of current AD medicines with ginseng component(s).

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2012

본 연구는 황련, 감초, 오미자 그리고 산수유 한약재 복합추출물의 $E.$ $coli$ O157:H7에 대한 항균효과와, 한약재 복합추출물과 염소산나트륨 합제의 $E.$ $coli$ O157:H7 감염 마우스에 대한 항균효과를 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 한약재 복합추출물, CGSC10을 이용하여 $E.$ $coli$ O157:H7에 대한 항균효과 확인 시험을 수행한 결과, CGSC10 5, 10, 그리고 20%를 첨가한 배지에서 30시간 동안 배양한 후, $E.$ $coli$ O157:H7의 성장이 각각 34.7, 60.2, 그리고 76.4% 억제되는 효과가 관찰되었다. 또한, $E.$ $coli$ O157:H7을 감염시킨 마우스에 CGSC10, 염소산나트륨, 그리고 CGSC10와 염소산나트륨 합제(CGSCS10)를 음용수를 통해 투여한 결과, 투여 3일째부터, 모든 투여군에서 대조군과 비교하여 $E.$ $coli$ O157:H7의 균수가 유의성 있게 감소하였으며($p$ < 0.001), 투여 7일째에는, 10% CGSC10, 15mM 염소산나트륨, 그리고 CGSCS10을 투여한 군에서 대조군과 비교하여 $E.$ $coli$ O157:H7의 균수가 각각 27.1, 67.7, 그리고 83.3% 정도 감소하는 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과로부터, CGSCS10을 $E.$ $coli$ O157:H7에 감염된 마우스에 음수로 투여할 경우, 감염증상을 완화 시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

본 연구는 황련, 금은화, 그리고 백작약 등 한약재 복합 추출물의 E. coli O157:H7에 대한 항균효과와, 한약재 복합추출물과 dioctahedral smectite의 합제의 E. coli O157:H7 감염 마우스에 대한 효과를 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 한약재 복합추출물, CLP1000을 이용하여 E. coli O157:H7에 대한 항균효과 확인 시험을 수행한 결과, CLP1000 10%와 20%를 첨가한 배지에서 E. coli O157:H7의 성장을 각각 30%와 47%를 억제하는 효과가 관찰되었다. 또한, E. coli O157:H7을 김염시킨 마우스에 CLP1000, dioctahedral smectite (DHS), 그리고 CLP1000와 DHS 합제 (CLPS1000)를 각각 7 일 동안 경시별로 마우스 분변 중의 E. coli O157:H7 균수의 변화를 관찰한 결과, 투여 3일째에, 10% CLPS1000을 투여한 군에서 대조군과 비교하여 E. coli O157:H7의 균수가 유의성 있게 감소하였으며(p < 0.05), 투여 7일째에는 10% CLP1000 (p < 0.05)과 10% CLPS1000을 투여한 군에서 대조군과 비교하여 E. coli O157:H7의 균수가 유의성 있게 감소하는 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과로부터, CLPS1000을 E. coli O157:H7에 감염된 마우스에 투여할 경우 감염증상을 완화 시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.185-197
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• 2007

Objective : This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Hwangryunhaedok-Tang and Geongangbuja-Tang on the change of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) level induced by LPS I.C.V. injection in mice. Method : We devided group into 6 mice and 6 mice were assingned to each group. In the normal group only saline was administered intragastrically, and in the control group LPS was injected intracerebroventricularly 1 hr after intragastric administration of saline. In the experiment groups Hwangryunhaedok-Tang(0.5g/kg, 1.0g/kg, 3.0g/kg) was administered intragastrically to mice 1 hr prior to LPS(100mg/mouse) I.C.V. injection.. Also Geongangbuja-Tang (0.5g/kg, 1.0g/kg, 3.0g/kg) was administered intragastrically to mice 1 hr prior to LPS(100mg/mouse) I.C.V. injection. To measure the plasma IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ level of mice, their blood samples were collected from retro-orbital plexus, immediately centrifuged at $4^{\circ}C$, and plasma was removed and stored frozen at $-83^{\circ}C$ for later determination of IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$. The level of IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ production was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the plasma. Result : Regarding IL-6 level, The 0.5g/kg and the 1g/kg groups of Geongangbuja-Tang decreased IL-6 level. Especially the 3g/kg control group decreased IL-6 level significantly than the normal group(p<0.01). Regarding $TNF-{\alpha}$ level, the 3g/kg group of Geongangbuja-Tang decreased it significantly(p<0.05). Conclusion : These data revealed that Hwangryunhaedok-Tang might not have the anti imflammatory effect and Geongangbuja-Tang(3g/kg)might have the anti imflammatory effect by reducing the plasma IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ level in mice LPS Injection.EIM (Eighteen Incompatible Medicaments) is an important component in Oriental pharmacology and is directly related to clinical prescriptions. Medical practitioners argued that the definite cause and meaning of EIM was ambiguous and therefore debated the issue of clinical application of the EIM. This study conducted an in-depth literary research on the origin, meaning and contents of EIM with the purpose to contribute in its efforts to be used clinically. Even after thousands of years have past since establishment of Oriental medicine, EIM is still tabooed and was an obstacle that hindered ideologies. Modern herbal medicine texts claim that the use of EIM can reduce treatment effects and promote poisoning and side effects. However, since long ago, there has been medical practitioners who reject this as false. Recently, poisoning caused by EIM has been claimed to be from the toxicity of the drug itself, rather than the result of interaction between the drugs, and therefore they suggest that EIM is not a forbidden domain. In addition, EIM showed a difference in number depending on the era. However, this can be understood not as a definite number, but instead as a warning to be careful during combination of drugs for use as clinical medicine. Historically, there were very few cases in which EIM was used for clinical tests and thus, the clinical value is not, while others applied EIM directly to their bodies, which showed signs for the usefulness and potential of EIM for us. A more concrete and in-depth study must be made on EIM.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.411-418
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• 2012

환경친화적인 농산물 살균소독 세척방법으로 소성칼슘 및 열처리에 의한 신선편이 브로콜리 저장 중 품질 및 미생물적인 안전성 향상 효과를 구명하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 브로콜리를 절단한 뒤 수돗물, $50{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 염소수 및 $1.5g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 소성칼슘 용액과 $45^{\circ}C$의 수돗물 열처리, 열처리와 살균소독제를 혼합한 $45^{\circ}C$의 $1.5g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 소성칼슘 용액에서 각각 2분 세척하였다. 그리고 신선편이 브로콜리를 $50{\mu}m$ PE 필름에 포장하여 $5^{\circ}C$에서 9일 저장하면서 기체조성, 전기전도도, 미생물수, 색 및 관능적인 품질을 조사하였다. 포장내부의 기체조성은 열처리에서 $O_2$ 농도가 낮고, $CO_2$ 농도는 높았으나 비열처리구에서는 살균소독 방법 간에 차이가 없었다. 소성칼슘 및 염소수 살균소독처리는 수돗물 처리보다 신선편이 브로콜리의 미생물 감소에 효과적이었고 열처리는 저장 3일까지는 효과가 있었으나 6일 이후에는 나타나지 않았다. 전기전도도는 소성칼슘 + 열처리에서 높게 나타났고, 색은 저장기간이 지나면서 명도가 낮아지고 황색도는 증가하였으나 살균소독 처리간에는 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 신선편이 브로콜리 저장 중 미생물수는 소성칼슘 단독처리가 염소수와 비슷한 수준으로 저장 9일 동안 일반세균수 제어효과를 나타냈고, 대장균군도 수돗물 처리보다 저장기간 내내 적게 나타났다. 또한 브로콜리 절단면의 변색 억제에는 열처리가 효과적이었으나 이취는 높게 나타났으며, 비열처리구에서 소성칼슘 용액처리는 염소수와 같이 수돗물보다 외관이 우수하고, 이취가 적게 나타났다. 따라서 소성칼슘 처리는 환경친화적인 방법으로서 신선편이 브로콜리의 염소 살균소독 세척을 대체할 수 있는 방법으로 판단되었다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2022

Bulbophyllum auricomum Lindl.은 희귀 난초이며 매력적인 향기가 지닌 꽃이 피어난다. 본 연구는 미세 증식을 위한 조직 배양 방법을 조사하였다. 인공 자가 수분으로부터 파생된 캡슐은 MS 기본 배지에서 최상의 종자 발아를 위해 얻어진다. 식물 성장 조절제(1.0 mg/L의 BAP 및 2.0 mg/L의 NAA)는 원괴체 유래 유사구근 절편체의 캘러스 유도에 영향을 받았다. 캘러스 계대배양을 위해 10가지 처리 배지에서 다른 천연물 추출물을 테스트하였다. 이 중 150ml/L 코코넛 워터를 첨가한 MS 배지는 일반적으로 1개월 및 2개월에 생중량(1.75 ± 0.08) 및 (3.01 ± 0.20) 캘러스 증식 및 PLB 유도에 효과가 있었고, 그 다음으로 바나나 30g/L와 감자 추출물 20g/L의 MS 조합이 뒤를 이었다. 식물 생장 조절제와 천연 추출물을 함께 첨가한 MS배지와 천연 추출물만 첨가한 MS 배지를 비교 연구한 결과, 천연 추출물(코코넛 워터 150ml/L)과 식물 생장 조절제(BAP 2.0 mg/L 및 NAA 1.0 mg/L)를 혼합하여 MS 배지에 첨가한 결과 배양 1개월 및 2개월 후에 각각 가장 높은 새싹 재생수로 (3.37 ± 0.17) 및 (6.41 ± 0.68)을 얻었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the blood pressure reducing effect of Qi-Ju-Di-Huang-Wan (QJDHW) in adults with essential hypertension by using methods of systemic review and meta-analysis. Major search engines, such as PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science, CNKI, CiNii, J-STAGE, KISS, NDSL, RISS, OASIS, DBpia and so on, were used. The search period we used is from the start date of the search engine to October 30, 2016 and no language limits were placed. Randomized controlled trials using QJDHW in adults with essential hypertension were searched and extracted by two independent researchers. Meta-analysis was performed on outcome variables of the total effective rate (TER), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Risk of bias (RoB) of Cochrane was used to assess methodological quality. Thirteen studies were finally selected. We observed that the combined treatment of QJDHW and antihypertensive drug had 3.6 times the odds ratio of TER for blood pressure lowering than a single use of an antihypertensive drug. Additionally, mean differences of SBP and DBP were -8.88 mmHg (95% Confidential Interval (CI) -12.77 mmHg, -5.00 mmHg, P<0.00001), -7.09 mmHg (95% CI -9.93, -4.25, P <0.00001), respectively. Single use of QJDHW did not reduce blood pressure more than an antihypertensive drug. All items of RoB were unclear and the methodological quality was low. Our analysis suggests that the combination of QJDHW and antihypertensive drugs may be more effective in reducing blood pressure than a single antihypertensive drug. But due to low methodological quality, careful interpretation will be needed and systematic long-term clinical trials will be required.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.101-116
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• 2012

Objectives : This study aims to analyze the papers of the east-west medical combined treatment and suggest the research direction. Methods : 183 research papers were collected by using 25 keywords including combination(in korean words, 병용), collaborative practice(in korean words, 협진) in Korean Medical Database(KMbase) and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System(OASIS). We analysed the type of studies, the kind of diseases, the treatment method, the kind of herbs and drugs in frequent use, and the result of research. Results : Among the analysed 183 papers, clinical studies are 89 cases and experimental studies are 94. 5 cases of clinical studies are Randomized Controlled Trial(RCT). The cancer(50 papers) and diseases of the circulatory system(25 papers) occupied mostly in treatment studies. Because Combined treatment was actively progressed in oriental medicine, treatment was mainly applied the combined oriental medical treatment with herbs and western drugs. In herbal medicine, Mahwangyounpae-tang(麻黃潤肺湯) and Eunkyo-San(銀翹散) were frequently used in the papers. In western drugs, Cyclophosphamide, Cisplatin, and Mitomycin C were frequently used in the papers. 154 papers introduced the treatment effect, 14 papers announced the safety, and 4 papers mentioned the side effect. Conclusions : We suggested several future research direction as follows. Clinical studies based on experiment studies must be more activated and many RCT shoud be shown. Experimental group in clinical studies should be clearly separated to confirm the treatment method is effective or isn't effective. Studies about the side effect must be expanded, and every study should be confirmed both the treatment effect and safety.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7179-7186
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• 2013

Background and Aims: Scutellaria is one of the most popular traditional Chinese herbal remedies against various human diseases, including cancer. In this study, we examined the active effects of Scutellaria extract and its main flavonoid constituents on the proportion of side population cells within human multiple myeloma cell line RPMI8226 in vitro and explored the potential molecular mechanisms involved. Materials and Methods: The contents of flavonoids in ethanolic extract of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. The antiproliferative effect of the ethanolic extract on RPMI-8226 was determined by CCK assay. Apoptosis was measured by annexin combining with propidium iodide in a flow cytometer. Cell cycle analysis was performed by propidium iodide staining in combination with flow cytometry analysis. Hoechst 33342 exclusion assay was used for the identification of side population within RPMI8226 cells. The expression of ABCG2 protein was assessed by Western blotting assay. Results: The content of major flavonoids constitutents of Scutellaria extract was baicalin (10.2%), wogonoside (2.50%), baicalein (2.29%), and wogonin (0.99%), respectively. The crude Scutellaria extract did not show significant anti-proliferative effect, apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest in RPMI-8226 within the concentrations of $1-75{\mu}g/mL$. However, the ethanolic extract, baicalein, wogonin and baicalin reduced the side population cells in RPMI-8226, and data showed that baicalein and wogonin had stronger inhibitory effects. Correspondingly, they also exhibited significant effects on decreasing the expression level of ABCG2 protein in RPMI-8226 in vitro. Conclusions: Our results for the first time demonstrated a novel mechanism of action for Scutellaria extract and its main active flavonoids, namely targeting SP cells by modulating the expression of ABCG2 protein. This study provides an insight for new therapeutic strategies targeting cancer stem cells of multiple myeloma.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2018

본 연구는 수세가 강한 '캠벨얼리'를 시험재료로 착립률 증진을 위한 개화기 신초 비틀기의 효과를 규명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 수세가 강한 '캠벨얼리'의 신초 비틀기 처리에 따른 발아기 및 개화기는 처리별 차이가 없었으나 수확기는 3일 정도 지연되었다. 신초 비틀기 처리구에서 수확기가 지연된 것은 '캠벨얼리'의 과방중과 착립률이 개화전 7일과 개화시 모두 3절 비틀기 처리구에서 높게 나타났기 때문이었다. 신초 비틀기에 의한 '캠벨얼리'의 가용성 고형물 및 산도는 처리간 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 수량은 '개화 전 7일 3절 비틀기' 처리에서 12.1 kg/주으로 무처리에 비하여 1.6배 증가하였다. 안토시아닌 함량은 무처리에 비하여 수량이 많은 처리구에서 낮았으나 착색도인 Hunter 값은 처리간 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다.