• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.229-233
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• 2001

This Paper deals with the development of a technology for making a hydrophilic gel of Polyethylene oxide reception in which radiating ability is employed to cause cross-linking of Polymers in a water solution. The gel of polyethylene oxide was shown to be nontoxic contain 5-50% of polymer and be useful in composite medicinal forms along with biologically active substances including Bac. subtilis proteases. Proteases immobilized in the gel possess high thermal stability and proteolytic activity and are readily applied in medicine. The effect of immobilized proteolytic and glucolytic enzymes of Bac. subtillis (Immozimase) on the warm ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) which can cause hepatic and jejunum injury was also studied. These enzymes were immobilized on water-soluble polymer polyethylene glycol by means of an electron beam. The number of degraanulated mast cells as well as serum ALT after I/R in the group with Immozimase was decreased to almost half as compared with the control group. Pretreatment with Immozimase resulted in significant reduction of hepatic and gut neutrophil accumulation as compared with control animals. It was concluded that Immozimase has a protective effect for hepatic and gut ischemia/reperfusion, and this effect seems to be associated with prevention of leukocyte accumulation .

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.684-687
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• 2002

귀뚜라미의 곤충산업의 발달로 대량체계화 사육된 귀뚜라미의 새로운 용도 개발의 일환으로 귀뚜라미의 간보호 효과를 조사하였다. 사염화탄소로 6주령의 ICR 응성 생쥐에 급성간염을 유발시킨 후 귀뚜라미 물 추출물(20 mg/kg) 및 메탄올 추출물(20 mg/kg)을 각각 투여하여 GOT, GPT, LDH 간혈청 효소 활성을 조사한 결과 귀뚜라미 메탄올 추출물은 대조구에 비해 GOT, GPT, LDH치가 74, 50, 101% 감소하였다. 지질과산화 억제정도는 귀뚜라미 물추출물 및 메탄올추출물이 정상군 대비 40%이상의 억제 효과를 나타내었다. 또한 강제수영법에 의한 귀뚜라미 추출물의 항피로 효과를 측정시 대조군에 비해 메탄올 200 mg/kg에서 현저한 수영시간 증가를 보여 양성대조군인 토코페롤 100 mg/kg 수준의 유의성 있는 항피로 효과를 나타낸 것을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 귀뚜라미의 수용성 및 알콜추출물은 간보호 효과를 가지는 건강보조식품으로서 개발 가능성을 가짐을 알 수 있다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.333-339
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• 2014

Exendin-4 (Ex-4), a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, has been known to reverse hepatic steatosis in ob/ob mice. Although many studies have evaluated molecular targets of Ex-4, its mechanism of action on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis has not fully been determined. In the liver, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is mainly expressed in hepatocytes, endothelial cells and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In the present study, the effects of Ex-4 on GLUT4 expression were determined in the liver of ob/ob mice. Ob/ob mice were treated with Ex-4 for 10 weeks. Serum metabolic parameters, hepatic triglyceride levels, and liver tissues were evaluated for hepatic steatosis. The weights of the whole body and liver in ob/ob mice were reduced by long-term Ex-4 treatment. Serum metabolic parameters, hepatic steatosis, and hepatic fibrosis in ob/ob mice were reduced by Ex-4. Particularly, Ex-4 improved hepatic steatosis by enhancing GLUT4 via GLP-1R activation in ob/ob mice. Ex-4 treatment also inhibited hepatic fibrosis by decreasing expression of connective tissue growth factor in HSCs of ob/ob mice. Our data suggest that GLP-1 agonists exert a protective effect on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in obesity and type 2 diabetes.

• 환경생물
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.230-236
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• 2009

An extract of Allomyrina dichotoma larva (ADL), one of the insects used most frequently in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of liver diseases such as hepatocirrhosis and hepatofibrosis, was assessed for antioxidant bioactivity in this study. In the current work, we have investigated the protective effects of ADL extracts on tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced hepatotoxicity in cultured hepa1c1c7 cells and in the mouse liver. The treatment of the hepa1c1c7 cells with ADL extracts induced a significant reduction of t-BHP-induced oxidative injuries, as determined by cell cytotoxicity, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reactive oxygen species contents, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, ADL extracts evidenced a protective effect against t-BHPinduced oxidative DNA damage, as revealed by the results of the Comet assay in hepa1c1c7 cells. ADL extracts also protected against hydroxyl radical-induced 2-deoxy-d-ribose degradation by ferric ion-nitrilotriacetic acid and $H_2O_2$. In addition, ADL extracts were shown to be able to quench 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. Our in vivo study revealed that ADL extracts pretreatment applied prior to t-BHP administration significantly prevented an increase in the serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers and reduced LPO in the mouse liver in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results suggest that the protective effects of ADL extracts against t-BHP-induced hepatotoxicity may be attributable, at least in part, to its ability to scavenge free oxygen radicals, and to protect against DNA damage due to oxidative stress.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.313-322
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• 1995

The covalent conjugation of human recombinant superoxide dismutase (hrSOD) with trichloros-triazine activated polyethylene glycol (PEG) 5000 formed soluble conjugates with molecular weight of 92KD, which retained $90{\sim}98%$ of original activity with a markedly prolonged plasma half-life of enzyme activity. The effect of hrSOD-PEG conjugates on acetaminophen (ACP)-induced hepatotoxicity was tested in male rats which were pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene. HrSOD-PEG conjugates inhibited the hepatotoxicity produced by ACP, on the other hand, native hrSOD had no protective effect. The above results indicated that oxygen radicals might participate in the mechanism of the ACP-induced hepatotoxicity and that polymer conjugated-protein drugs with prolonged half-lives could be employed as an effective therapeutic agent.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2002

Hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of Angelica tenuissima Nakai on the $CCl_4$-induced hepatotoxicity was investigated. To elucidate the hepatoprotective activity and free radical scavenging effect, we examined alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin, total protein, cholesterol, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) in hepatic tissue as compared with those of carbon tetrachloride-induced rats. The action mechanism also has been estimated by quantative analysis of cytochrome P450 (CYP), NADPH-CYP reductase for phase I metabolism and glutathion (GSH), glutathion S-transferase (GST) level for phase II metabolsim. Treatment of Angelica tenuissima methanol extract significantly lowered the levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. In addition, the levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, MDA, CAT were decreased, and SOD was activated. This result indicates that the hepatoprotective effect of Angelica tenuissima methanol extract on the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity would be originated from reduction of the NADPH-CYP reductase, GSH and the enhancement of the activities of GST, CYP.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.275-285
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• 2010

This study was designed to evaluated the nitrite scavenging activity and protective effect of the Puerariae Radix and green tea extract on lead acetate and cadmium-induced liver damage in mice. The quantitative analytical method for major antioxidants, isoflavones, puerarin, catechine and caffeine in galgun (Puerariae Radix) and green tera extract were established by HPLC. Contents of isoflavones, such as daidzin, genistin, daidzein and genistein were 4.23g/100g, 0.13g/100g, 0.07g/100g, and 0.03g/100g, and puerarin contents was 8.99g/100g, respectively. The total catechins and caffeine contents of green tea extract were 49.24g/100g and 6.53g/100g. The nitrite scavenging ability of galgun extract (pH 1.2, 100mg/ml) was 98.07% and it was higher than those of other extracts. It was the highest at the pH 1.2 and more than 64% in 25~100mg green tea extract, and was dependents on pH and concentration of the samples. The hepatoprotective effects of an aqueous extract from the root of gal gun and standard puerarin were evaluated against lead acetate and cadmium-induced liver damage in mice. Galgun extract and standard at a dose of 100mg/kg and 10mg/kg, 50mg/kg were administered orally once daily for successive 5 days and then a lead acetate and cadmium were orally at 3 hrs after the every day administration of galgun. The substantially elevated serum enzymatic activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase were due to lead acetate and cadmium treatment was dose dependently restored to the near normal level. In addition, galgun extract also significantly prevented the elevation of hepatic malon-dialdehyde formation in the liver of lead acetate and cadmium intoxicated mice in a dose-dependent manner. The results of this study clearly indicated that green tea and galgun extracts had nitrite scavenging ability and galgun extract had potent hepato-protective effects against lead acetate and cadmium-induced hepatic damage in mice and standard puerarin was also showed similar to the results of the galgun extracts.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2003

In the present study, we investigated the protective effect of the Lycii Fructus water extracts (LFE) against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and the mechanism underlying these protective effects in the rats. The pretreatment of LFE has shown to possess a significant protective effect by lowering the serum alanine and aspartate aminoteansferase (AST and ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This hepatoprotective action was confirmed by histological observation, In addition, the pretreatment of LFE prevented the elevation of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and the depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) content and catalase activity in the liver of CC1₄-injected rats. The LFE also displayed hydroxide radical scavenging activity in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 83.6 μg/ml), as assayed by electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping technique. Moreover, the expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) mRNA, as measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), was significantly decreased in the liver of LFE-pretreated rats when compared with that in the liver of control group. Based on these results, it was suggested that the hepatoprotective effects of the LFE may be related to antioxidant effects and regulation of CYP2E1 gene expression.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.127-141
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• 2002

Objectives: Haeganjeon(HGJ) has been used for the treatment of liver disease in traditional medicine. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and protective effects of HGJ extract on oxidative damage of hepatocytes by tert-butyl hydroperoxide(t-BHP). Methods: In the linoleic acid water-alcohol system, the levels of lipid peroxide(LPO) were determined by TBA method. The scavenging effect of HGJ on ${\alpha},{\alpha}-diphenyl-{\beta}-picrylhydrazyl$(DPPH) radical was determined according to the method of Hatano. In the Fenton system(ferrous ion reaction with hydrogen peroxide), the levels of hydroxyl radical induced LPO in rat liver homogenate were determined according to the method of TBA. Inhibitory effect of HGJ on superoxide generation was measured by xanthine-xanthine oxidase system. In order to evaluate antioxidative activity of HGJ in the liver cell, cultured normal rat liver cells(Ac2F) were prepared and incubated with or without HGJ. After 18hr, cells placed in DMEM medium without serum, and then incubated with 1mM tert-butyl hydroperoxide(t-BHP) for 2hrs. Viable cells were detected by MTT assay. Conclusions: In the linoleic acid autoxidation system, HGJ extract significantly inhibited the time course of the lipid peroxidation. These effects were similar to those of BHA HGJ extracts showed about 70% scavenging effect on DPPH radical. And HGJ extract inhibited the lipid peroxide formation in rat liver homogenate induced by hydroxyl radical derived from Fenton system. In addition, HGJ extract protected the cell death induced by t-BHP and significantly increased cell viability in the normal rat liver cell. These result indicated that HGJ extract might playa protective role against oxidative hepatic cell injury by means of free radical scavenger.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.9-33
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• 2005

Acetaminophen, which causes acute liver min in humans and animals, has made useful inducer of hepatoxicity for studying hepatopreventive drugs. Injinhotang is known as one of the hepatopreventive drugs. However, its mechanism of recovery of hepatoxicity treated with acetaminophen is poorly understood. this study was performed to observe the antioxidative effect of injinhotang extract and its several combination groups. The results were obtained as follows:1. In the study on free radical scavenging effect in vitro(the suppressing effect on peroxidation of linoleic acid on concentration, the scavenging effect of DPPH radical, inhibitory effect of superoxide in xanthine-xanthine oxidase system and the inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation reaction by hydroxy radical in H2O2-Fe2+system, injinhotang have more effect than its components groups relatively. 2. In the study on antioxidants system in vivo(the level of serum LPO, the level of hepatic LPO, catalase, GSH, GST), only injnhotang has a significant effect. 3. In the study on hepatotoxicity(GOT, GPT, $\gamma$-GTP, ALP, LDH, b ilirubin), only injinhotang has a significant effect. These results suggest that injinhotang has the protective effect on acetaminophen-induced hepatoxicity. The mechanisms of these are supposed to be involved in antioxidant and three drugs' cooperative synergy effect.