• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.750-756
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• 1994

The effect of onion juice on ethanol -induced lipid peroxidation were studied were studied in rats. The contents of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) -reactants increased significantly in liver thanol(4ml/kg/day) administered -rats. The activities of serum alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase increased by ethanol administration compared with control group, but alterations of antioxidant enzymes activities in liver of ethanol administered rats were not significant vs control group. The glutathione contents in liver decreased by ethanol , whereas the glutathione level increased in ethanol and onion juice group compared with ethanol group. The contents of hepatic TBA-reactants and serum aminotrasnferase activity in ethanol group were reduced by onion juice administration. In these results, increased hepatic TBA-reactants of liver in ethanol group might be due to decreased glutathione contents in liver. Reduced glutathione (GSH) plays an important roles in the liver in several detoxification and the reduction of lipid peroxides. So the protective effects of onion juice on ethanol-induced increment of TBA-reactants may be due to the increament of lgutathions content. The glutathione depletion by ethanol was an important factor of ethanol-induced cell damage, and the prevention of onion juice to the glutathione depletion reduced by ethanol may be an important factor on the protection from ethanol-induced lipid perpxidation in rats.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.253-259
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• 1995

To investigate an effect of ethanol pretreatment on the bromobenzene metabolism, the brornobenzene (400 mg/kg body wt. i. p.) was given 3 times at intervals of one day to the male rats orally pretreated with 5% ethanol throughout 2 months. In the ethanol pretreated rats, liver injuries were not demonstrated on the basis of the liver weight per body weight, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and histopathologic findings. By the bromobenzene treatment, ethanol pretreated rats showed the more decreased levels of serum ALT and liver weight/body weight(%), and decreased degree of liver damage on histopathological observation than the control group. The ethanol pretreated rats showed the more increased activities of hepatic aniline hydroxylase, glutathione Stransf erase (GST) and the more decreased contents of glutathione than the control. Concomitantly the ethanol pretreated rats showed the more decreased contents of hepatic glutathione and increased activities of GST by the bromobenzene treatment. Above results indicate that ethanol pretreatment enhance the metabolizing ability of bromobenzene in rats.

• 환경생물
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2000

생쥐에서 카드뮴 전 처리에 의하여 카드뮴의 치사독성이 완화되는지를 조사하고 치사완화 효과와 간 조직내의 glutathione(GSH)함량이 상관성이 있는지를 조사하였다. 치사량의 카드뮴을 주사하기 전에 치사량 이하의 카드뮴을 주사하면 치사량의 카드뮴에 의한 치사작용이 완화되는 효과가 나타났으며 카드뮴의 전 처리의 경과시간은 48시간의 경우에, 전 처리량은 체중 kg당 40$\mu$moles을 주사한 경우에 효과가 가장 좋았다. 카드뮴을 전 처리한 생쥐는 카드뮴에 의해 치사되는 경우에도 그 생존기간이 최대 72시간까지 연장되었다. 치사량의 카드뮴을 주사한 경우에 카드뮴 전 처리에 의하여 생존한 개체들은 간조직내의 glutathione함량은 대조군에 비하여 별다른 차이가 없었으나 치사한 개체들은 glutathione 함량이 감소하였고 또한 전처리를 하지 않은 실험군은 치사량의 카드뮴에 의하여 glutathione 함량이 감소하였다. 이러한 실험결과는 치사량 이하의 카드뮴을 생쥐에 전 처리하면 치사작용을 완화하는 인자들이 유도되어 후속 주사하는 치사량의 카드뮴에 의한 치사작용을 완화하고, 간 조직내의 glutathione이 카드뮴 치사작용에 대한 방어인자가 될 수 있음을 암시한다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2000

Inhibitory effects of the methanol extract, hexane extract, methanol soluble fraction (MSF) and juice from 3 weeks fermented Kimchi on the tumor formation in sarcoma-180 cell transplanted mice were studied. Effects of the solvent extracts and juice of the Kimchi on the levels of lipid peroxide, glutathione, and the enzyme activities of the liver were also investigated in normal and sarcoma-180 cell transplanted mice. At 32 days following trans-plantation, MSF reduced the tumor formation by 54% compared with the control group, resulting in the smallest tumor weight. Lipid peroxided content in liver increased by the transplantation of sarcoma-180 cells. However, it decreased when MSF of Kimchi was treated to the mice. MSF also suppressed xanthine oxidase activity in cytosol of the liver cells in mice transplanted by sarcoma-180 cells. Kimchi extracts had no inhibitory effect on hepatic aminopyrine-N-demethylase activity in sarcoma-180 cell transplanted or normal mice. Methanol extract and hexane extract of Kimchi slightly increased hepatic glutathione contents in sarcoma-180 treated mice. The injection of MSF from Kimchi markedly increased glutathione levels in the liver of sarcoma-180 treated mice. The injection of MSF from Kimchi markedly increased glutathione levels in the liver of sarcoma-180 treated mice compared to the controls. The MSF recovered the activities of hepatic glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase that decreased by the injection of sarcoma-180 cells. These results showed that MSF of Kimchi could suppress the growth of tumors, inhibiting lipid peroxide production and xanthine oxidase activity, in mice. We also suggested that Kimchi extract might play an important role in the prevention of cancer by enhancement of the glutathione level itself as well as via glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.678-684
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• 1993

To evaluate the role of xanthine oxidase in liver damage by CCl4, a group of rats were fed tungstate for a month, which suppressed the activities of xanthine oxidase in serum and liver. Control group of rats were fed standard diet without tungstate. Liver damage was induced both in tungstate fed and control groups by two intraperitoneal injections of CCl4 at the level of 0.1ml/100g body weight at intervals of 24 hours. Increases in the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase by CCl4 were significantly smaller in tungstate fed rats than in control rats. Concomitantly, histopathologic changes were less in tungstate fed rats than in control ones. In rats either treated with CCl4 or not, hepatic type O xanthine oxidase activities were remarkably reduced by tungstate feeding. Hepatic aniline hydroxylase activities were higher in rats fed tungstate than control rats when animals were not treated with CCl4, but the enzyme activities were lower in tungstate fed rats than control when they were treated with CCl4. Neither tungstate feeding nor CCl4 treatment caused any significant changes in hepatic glutathione contents, and activities of hepatic glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. It is concluded xanthine oxidase reaction augment CCl4 induced liver damage via oxygen free radical system.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 1990

The present study was undertaken to determine the inhibitory effects of cholane compounds, unsodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) on the development of morphine-induced tolerance and physical dependence, and also to determine the hepatic glutathione contents. UDCA and CDCA inhibited the development of morphine-induced tolerance and physical dependence significantly. UDCA inhibited the hepatic glutathione decrease induced by morphine multiple injections, while this effect was not observed in CDCA treated mice. It was throught that the inhibitory effects of hepatic glutathione decrease in morphine-treated mice by UDCA and CDCA showed a tendency of inhibitory effects of development of morphine tolerance and dependence.

• 환경생물
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2001

생쥐에서 카드뮴이나 비소의 전처리에 의하여 카드뮴과 비소의 치사독성이 완화되는 효과가 카드뮴과 비소를 교차 전처리 한 경우에도 이 같은 효과가 나타나는지를 조사하였다 치사량의 비소를 주사하기 전에 치사량 이하의 비소를 생쥐에 주사하면 치사량의 비소에 의한 치사작용이 완화되는 효과가 나타나며 카드뮴 전처리에 의해서도 카드뮴의 치사독성은 완화되었다. 두 경우에서 생존한 개체의 간조직의 glutathione함량은 대조군과 별 차이가 없었으나 치사한 개체는 그 함량이 상당량 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 카드뮴이나 비소의 전처리에 의하여 카드뮴과 비소의 치사독성이 완화되는 효과가 간조직의 glutathione 함량과 관련이 있음을 제시한다. 치사량의 카드뮴을 주사하기 24시간 전에 치사량 이하의 비소를 전처리한 경우에 카드뮴의 치사독성은 완화되지 않았으나 치사량의 비소를 주사하기 24시간 전에 카드뮴을 전처리한 경우에 비소의 치사독성은 완화되었다. 이상과 같은 실험결과는 간조직의 glutathione 함량이 카드뮴이나 비소의 치사독성 완화효과에 직접적인 관련성은 있는 것이 아니라, 카드뮴 전처리에 의하여 유도된 어떤 다른 인자들이 후속 주사하는 치사량의 카드뮴에 의한 치사독성을 완화하고, 이 인자들 중에는 비소의 치사독성도 완화할 수 있는 공통의 인자가 존재함을 암시한다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.247-252
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• 1995

To evaluate the effect of xanthine oxidase on liver injury by $CCl_4$, liver damage was induced both in allopurinol pretreated rats (500 mg/kg. ip) and control group by twice intraperitoneal injection of $CCl_4$ (0.1 ml/100 g body wt. 50% in olive oil) at interval of one day. Increases in the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and liver weight/body weight (%) by $CCl_4$ were significantly smaller inallopurinol pretreated rats than in control whereas the hepatic microsomal glucose-6-pholphatase activities were significantly higher in allopurinol pretreated rats than control group by $CCl_4$ treatment. These results indicates that allopurinol pretreatment may reduce the liver damage in $CCl_4$ intoxicated rats. In rats either with $CCl_4$or not, hepatic type O xanthine oxidase activities were significantly reduced by allopurinol pretreatment and the increasing rate of these enzymes to each control was remarkably lower in allopurinol pretreated rats than control. Liver cytosolic protein contents and aniline hydroxylase, aminopyrine demethylase activities were higher in allopurinol pretreated rats than coirol rats when animals were treated with $CCl_4$. On the other hand, neither allopurinol pretreated nor $CCl_4$ treatment caused any significant changes in hepatic superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Hepatic glutathione contents were higher in $CCl_4$-treated rats than control, but no significant changes were found in both between the allopurinol treated rats and $CCl_4$-treated rats pretreated with allopurinol, and glutathione and glutathione S-transferase activities were significantly reduced in $CCl_4$-treated rats than control whereas these enzyme activities showed on significant change in both between allopurinel treated and $CCl_4$-treated rats pretreated with allopurinol. It is concluded that xanthine oxidase reaction system augment $CCl_4$ induced liver injury via even oxygen free radical system.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.377-383
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• 1997

To investigate the circadian variation in the bromobenzene metabolism, bromobenzene(400 mg/kg body weight) was intraperitoneally administered to the rats every other day for 6 days both in the night; 24:00 and the day; 12:00. Each group of animals was sacrificed at 8hr after last injection of bromobenzene. The contents of hepatic CYP were more increased in control rats of night phase than those of day phase but in case of bromobenzene treatment there were no differences in hepatic CYP between rats of the night phase and those of day phase and the injection of prednisolon inhibited the hepatic CYP content in rats. Furthermore, the decreasing rate of hepatic glutathione contents to the control was higher in rats of day phase than those of night phase by the bromobenzene treatment. And the hepatic glutathione S-transferase activities were increased both in control and bromobenzene treated rats of the night phase than those of day phase. On the other hand, liver weight per body weight(%), hepatic lipid peroxide content, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase were more increased both in bromobenzene-treated and control rats of the night phase than those in the day phase. These results indicate that the rats of night phase may induce more accelerated formation of bromobenzene 3,4-oxide from bromobezene than those of day phase in rats.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.739-744
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• 2009

This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic action of administration of Nigella sativa (NS) and Peganum harmala (PH) oils in diabetes and hepatic toxicity. Results show that treatment of diabetic rats with NS oil or PH oil ameliorate hyperglycaemia induced stress oxidative and hepatic dysfunction in diabetic rats. Administration of NS or PH oil to diabetic rats caused an anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities by the decrease in plasmatic glucose level and increase in hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities, reduced glutathione (GSH) and glycogen contents compared to untreated diabetic rats. Besides, NS and PH oils protect the hepatic function observed by decrease of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCh), and increase of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-Ch) levels in serum and hepatic tissues. Moreover, a diminution in the bilirubin, transaminase glutanic pyruvic (TGP), and transaminase pyruvic oxaloacetic (TPO) contents in serum and the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances levels (TBARs) in hepatic tissues are also detected.