• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.318-323
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• 1997

The experimental hepatic cirrhosis was induced either by bile duct ligation (BDL) or by pretreatment with dimethyinitrosamine (DMNA). The pharmacokinetics of theophylline were studied after a single intravenous or a single oral administration. Using the ultrafiltration method, protein-drug binding experiments were also carried out. The bilirubin level was several-fold increased by BDL, but not by DMNA treatment. The albumin content was decreased in both cirrhotic groups. The total clearance (Clt, ml/kg/hr) of theophylline in both hepatic cirrhosis groups significantly decreased and the terminal half-life $(t_{1/2})$ in the cirrhotic rats was increased about two-fold after intravenous and oral administration. The volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss, ml/kg) was increased slightly in the cirrhotic groups. Protein binding in BDL $(8.67{\pm}4.85%)$ decreased about four-folds, but in DMNA $(73.00{\pm}9.85%)$ similar result war observed as compared with the control. Increased free fraction of theophylline did not increase the volume of distribution in BDL. Therefore decreased total body clearance of theophylline was mainly due to decreased intrinsic clearance of theophylline in the liver. The absolute bioavailability of theophylline in these experiments was between 63.8 and 72.8%(66.1% in BDL, 63.8% in Sham operated and Control, 72.8% in DMNA). These results suggest that in the experimental hepatic cirrhosis model, administration route does not affect the disposition of theophylline.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.19-24
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• 1983

The purpose of this study was to develop a method by which the sensitivity of radionuclide liver imaging for detection of liver cirrhosis could be enhanced. Dynamic blood flow scan were performed 21 cases of liver cirrhosis patients by using computerized gamma camera named arterialization index. The results were as follows: 1) Arterialization index were higher in liver cirrhosis comparing to normal value 0.33 and its mean is 2. 02. 2) Comparing to static liver scan, higher sensitivity in dynamic hepatic blood flow scan for detection of liver cirrhosis. Sensitivity for detection of liver cirrhosis is over 90%. 3) There are no correlation between arterialization index and serum albumin level. The use of hepatic dynamic blood flow scan proved effective in detection of liver cirrhosis. However, the test may be used as an aid in distinguishing between normal and pathologic livers.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.622-628
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• 1997

Hepatic cirrhosis is a common response to chronic liver injury from many causes and is one of the most common cause of all deaths. This study was carried out to compare experimental hepatic cirrhosis in rats to understand this disease and to apply for the pharmacokinetics in disease state. Following three kinds of experimental models were induced; 1) Bile duct ligation/scission (BDL/S), 2) N, N-dimethylnitrosamine(DMN), 3) Carbon tetrachloride. The hepatic cirrhosis was characterized by examing the liver/body weight ratio, serum biochemical values, hydroxyproline content in liver and histopathological lesions in cirrhotic rat liver. The results are as follows : (1) In BDL/S, the liver was enlarged to 250% of normal liver. In contrast the liver was shrinked to 48% and 78% of the normal liver in DMN and carbon tetrachloride, respectively. (2) In carbon tetrachloride and BDL/S, the serum ALT, AST, ALP and total bilirubin levels were significantly increased to 200~300% of normal level, while ALT and total bilirubin levels were significantly increased in DMN group. (3) Hydroxyproline content in cirrhotic rat liver was significantly 200~500% higher than that of normal liver. (4) Nodular formation with fibrosis was observed in BDL/S, DMN, carbon tetrachloride induced cirrhotic rat liver.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2007

Hepatic cirrhosis is an important feature of chronic liver disease. Liver cirrhosis is characterized by hyperaccumulation of fibrous tissue components and is commonly observed in latter or terminal states of chronic hepatic disease. The antifibrotic effects on liver cirrhosis by oriental herbs extraction material were examined in bile duct ligated rats. Oriental herbs extraction (0.99 mg/kg rat weight/day) was administrated to cirrohotic rats for 4 weeks. Liver collagen content of bile duct ligated rats was significantly increased. And liver histology showed collagen fiber deposition was increased as well as the normal architecture was lost with large zone of necrosis being observed. Herbs extraction administrated rats showed significantly decreased liver collagen content, accumulation of collagen fiber in histological analysis, and biochemical markers of hepatic diseases. Those results demonstrate the usefulness of herbs extraction materials as an antifibrotic agent for liver cirrhosis.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.41-53
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• 1970

Although the radioisotope liver scan has primarily been of use in the detection of the intra-hepatic space occupying lesions, there has been an increasing awareness of its use in evaluation of liver function. In this study, the degree of hepatomegaly, changes in shape and mottling radiodensity on each lobe and splenic visualization in the liver scans done with colloidal radiogold were numerically expressed as scores under the arbitrary standard in 210 patients with liver cirrhosis. The clinical value of this scoring system was studied with special regards to the correlation between the radiogold hepatic uptake half time and conventional liver function tests. Following were the results; 1) The normal scan appeared in 6.7% of 210 patients with liver cirrhosis. 2) The colloidal radiogold hepatic uptake half time was abnormally and progressively prolonged in parallel to severity of hepatocellular dysfunction. The mean hepatic uptake half time in cirrhosis showing normal scan was $2.76{\pm}0.73$ minutes. 3) The scoring system was well correlated with the serum albumin and globulin levels, A/G ratio and BSP retention. There was some correlative tendency in alkaline phosphatase activity. 4) There was no correlation with the thymol turbidity test, cholesterol levels, transaminase activities and bilirubin levels. 5) The spleen was visualized in 38.6% of total patients with liver cirrhosis. Excluding normal scans in liver cirrhosis, the spleen was visualized in 41.3%. 6) The scoring system appears to confirm the clinical diagnosis and to give a reliable estimate of the degree of hepatocellular dysfunction in patients with liver cirrhosis.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.220-224
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the dose dependent antifibrotic effects of polysaccharide from mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum. The experimental hepatic cirrhosis was induced by bile duct ligation/scission (BDL/S) in rats. BDL/S rats in each group were dosed 0.5 mg, 2.0 mg, 5.0 mg or 10.O mg/rat/day orally for 4 weeks after the operation. Antifibrotic effects were evaluated by serum biochemical values, hydroxyproline contents, and light microscopical histology. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Hydroxyproline contents in liver of 5.0 and 10.0mg polysaccharide-treated BDL/S rats were significantly reduced 2) In serum test, ALT, AST, ALP values in polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum-treated group were lower than BDL/S control group 3) The hepatic damage such as hepatocellular necrosis, inflammation, bile duct proliferation and fibrosis was less severe in the livers of 2.0 mg and 5.0 mg polysaccharide-treated rats. These results suggest that polysaccharide from mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum to be a promising agent for the inhibition of hepatic cirrhosis.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.256-261
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• 2022

Sarcoidosis often involves the liver. However, primary hepatic sarcoidosis confined to the liver without evidence of systemic involvement is rare. We report the case of a 37-year-old man with hepatic sarcoidosis who initially presented with elevated liver enzymes and suspicious cirrhotic nodules on computed tomography. The patient had cirrhosis but did not have portal hypertension. Based on the initial histopathologic finding of chronic granulomatous inflammation and the common clinical characteristics of sarcoidosis, he was initially diagnosed with primary biliary cholangitis, and his daily dosage of ursodeoxycholic acid was increased to 900 mg. After 14 months of treatment, his total serum bilirubin concentration was 10.9 mg/dL (upper normal limit, 1.2 mg/dL). Additionally, a transjugular liver biopsy revealed multiple noncaseating granulomas. He was diagnosed with primary hepatic sarcoidosis involving the lungs, heart, spleen, kidneys, and skin. Treatment with methylprednisolone was initiated. Two weeks later, he was started on azathioprine, and the dose of steroid was simultaneously reduced. These findings indicate the importance of including hepatic sarcoidosis as a possible diagnosis in patients with elevated liver enzymes or cryptogenic cirrhosis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.919-924
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• 2009

The liver is one of the principal organs involved in glucose metabolism. Diabetes mellitus(DM) commonly develops in patients with liver cirrhosis as a result of hepatocyte dysfunction. Hepatic encephalopathy(HE) is a major neuropsychiatric complication of liver cirrhosis. HE develops frequently in advanced stage of liver cirrhosis due to portal hypertension. We experienced a case of liver cirrhosis with DM and HE in 67 years old male patient. The patient's symptoms were lethargy, general malaise, asterixis, dizziness, and heavy headedness. Hwangryunjihwang-tang, Saengkankunbi-tang, Injinchija-tang and Injinho-tang were prescribed to the patient. Finally, the symptoms had been improved, however significant change was not observed from serum ammonia, fasting blood sugar and postparandial blood sugar. So we hope that this case report will be helpful in treating patient of liver cirrhosis.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2002

Liver cirrhosis is characterized by hyperaccumulation of fibrous tissue components and is commonly observed in latter or terminal states of chronic hepatic diseases. In this study, the antifibrotic effects of GLM001 on liver cirrhosis were examined in bile duct ligated rats and patients with hepatic diseases. GLM001 (250 mg/kg rat weight/ day) was administrated to cirrhotic rats for 4 weeks and to humans for 14 weeks. Bile duct ligated rats significantly increased liver collagen content and biochemical markers of hepatic injury. Liver histology showed collagen fiber deposition was increased and the normal architecture was lost with large zones of necrosis being observed frequently. GLM001 administrated rats showed significantly decreased liver collagen content, and accumulation of collagen fiber in histological analysis. Patients, who were treated with GLM001, showed decreases in biochemical markers of hepatic diseases. These results demonstrate the usefulness of GLM001 as an antifibrotic agent for liver cirrhosis.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.338-344
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the antifibrotic effects of polysaccharides extracted from Garnoderma lucidum. The biliary cirrhosis was induced by bile duct ligation/scission (BDL/S) in rats. BDL/S rats were dosed 5 mg/rat/day orally for 4 weeks after the operation. Antifibrotic effects were evaluated by serum biochemical values, serum procollagen type III peptide (PIIINP) levels, liver hydroxyproline contents, and light microscopical histology. The results obtained were as follows; 1) PIIINP levels in sera of treated BDL/S group were lowered to 50% of those of untreated BDL/S group. 2) Hydroxyproline contents in the liver of treated BDL/S group were also reduced to 83% of those of untreated BDL/S rats. 3) The hepatic damage such as hepatocellular necrosis, inflammation, bile duct proliferation and fibrosis was less severe in the livers of treated rats. These results suggest polysaccharides extracted from Garnoderma lucidum to be a promising agent for the inhibition of hepatic cirrhosis(fibrosis).