• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2002

Cytotoxic and antimutagenic effects of a novel cis-$\varepsilon$-viniferin and five known stilbenes, transresveratrol, trans-$\varepsilon$-viniferin, gnetin H, suffruticosols A and B, isolated from the seeds of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Paeoniaceae) were determined against five different cancer cell lines, and mutagenicity of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, respectively. Six stilbenes showed cytotoxic activity in a dose-dependent manner, and especially did potent cytotoxic activity against C6 (mouse glioma) cancer cell with $IC_{50}$ values ranging from 8.2 to $20.5{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$. trans-Resveratrol showed significant cytotoxic activity against HepG2 (liver hepatoma) and HT-29 (colon) human cancer cell lines with $IC_{50}$ values of 11.8 and 25.2 g/ml, respectively. In contrast, trans-$\varepsilon$-viniferin and cis--viniferin, and gnetin H exhibited marked cytotoxic activity against Hela (cervicse) and MCF-7 (breast) human cancer cell lines with $IC_{50}$ values of 20.4, 21.5, and $12.9{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$, respectively. However, suffruticosol A and B had less cytotoxic effect against all cancer cells except C6. Meanwhile, six stilbenes exerted antimutagenic activity in a dose-dependent fashion. Of them, trans-resveratrol exhibited the strongest antimutagenic effect against MNNG with $IC_{50}$ value of $27.0{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/plate$, while other five resveratrol oligomers also did moderate antimutagenic activity with $IC_{50}$ values ranging from 31.7 to $35.2{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/plate$.

• 대한한방피부미용학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.127-144
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• 2005

This study compared the activity of the aerial part of P. japonicum with its root in order to examine the possibility of the medicinal use of the aerial part, which has not been used as medicine, in substitute for the root that has traditionally been used as medicine. For this purpose, the author measured the proliferation of Human $CD4^-$ T cells, which are related to immunity, the differentiation of HL-60 cells, and the contents of IL-6, IgE and $TNF-{\alpha}$ and compared their anti-cancer effect on Hep3B and A549 cells. The results of this study are as follows: 1. As for Human $CD4^-$ T cells, $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ methanol extract from the aerial part promoted the proliferation of the cells 1.8 times higher while $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ methanol extract from the root did by 1.76 times higher compared to the control group. 2. As for HL-60 cells, methanol extract and water extract from the aerial part showed differentiation 1.14 times higher and 1.12 times higher respectively while methanol extract and water extract from the root did 1.14 times higher and 1.07 times higher compared to tile control group. 3. Cell density was highest on Day 4 of culture in all samples, Methanol extracts from the aerial part and the root showed activities of $7.9{\times}10^3\;cells/m{\ell}$ and $7.5{\times}10^3\;cells/m{\ell}$ respectively, and water extracts from the aerial part and the root did activities of $5.3{\times}10^3\;cells/m{\ell}$ and $6.1{\times}10^3\;cells/m{\ell}$. 4. The secretion of IL-6 was highest on Day 4 of culture. Methanol extracts from the aerial part and the root showed secretions of $6.7{\times}10^{-3}\;pg/cells/m{\ell}$ and $7.2{\times}10^{-3}\;pg/cells/m{\ell}$ respectively, and water extracts from the aerial part and the root did secretions of as high as $7.0{\times}10^{-3}\;pg/cells/m{\ell}$ and $6.0{\times}10^{-3}\;pg/cells/m{\ell}$. 5. As for the production of IgE, water extract from the root effectively inhibited the product at $1,000\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, methanol extract from the root at $10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $100\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, water extract from the aerial at $1,000\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, and methanol extract from the aerial part at $1,000\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. 6. According to the result of measuring the content of $TNF-{\alpha}$, methanol extracts from the root and the aerial part showed inhibition effect at $10\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $100\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $1,000\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. 7. As for liver cancer cell Hep3B, $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ methanol extracts from the root and the aerial part showed inhibition effects of 78% and 70% respectively, and $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ water extracts from the root and the aerial part did inhibition effects of 56% and 59%. 8. As for lung cancer cell A549, $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ methanol extracts from the root and the aerial part showed inhibition effects of 75% and 70% respectively, and $1.0\;g/{\ell}$ water extracts from the root and the aerial part did inhibition effects of 48% and 45%. The results of this study presented above show that the aerial part of P. japonicum has immunizing and anti-cancer effects as high as its root, which has commonly been used as medicine. There should be more in-depth research on the aerial part of P. japonicum in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.519-529
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• 2017

Sodium butyrate (SB) has various metabolic actions. However, its effect on dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) needs to be studied further. We aimed to evaluate the metabolic actions of SB, considering its physiologically relevant concentration. We evaluated the effect of SB on regulation of DPP-4 and its other metabolic actions, both in vitro (HepG2 cells and mouse mesangial cells) and in vivo (high fat diet [HFD]-induced obese mice). Ten-week HFD-induced obese C57BL/6J mice were subjected to SB treatment by adding SB to HFD which was maintained for an additional 16 weeks. In HepG2 cells, SB suppressed DPP-4 activity and expression at sub-molar concentrations, whereas it increased DPP-4 activity at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}M$. In HFD-induced obese mice, SB decreased blood glucose, serum levels of insulin and $IL-1{\beta}$, and DPP-4 activity, and suppressed the increase in body weight. On the contrary, various tissues including liver, kidney, and peripheral blood cells showed variable responses of DPP-4 to SB. Especially in the kidney, although DPP-4 activity was decreased by SB in HFD-induced obese mice, it caused an increase in mRNA expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, and $IL-1{\beta}$. The pro-inflammatory actions of SB in the kidney of HFD-induced obese mice were recapitulated by cultured mesangial cell experiments, in which SB stimulated the secretion of several cytokines from cells. Our results showed that SB has differential actions according to its treatment dose and the type of cells and tissues. Thus, further studies are required to evaluate its therapeutic relevance in metabolic diseases including diabetes and obesity.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권spc1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

Tocotrienol의 건강식품 및 의료용 가공품으로의 고부가가치화 가능성을 평가하기 위하여 미강에서 추출한 tocotrienol의 항암 효과 및 독성평가를 실시하였다. HepG2 간암 세포를 대상으로 한 항암효과 분석 결과 tocotrienol이 간암세포의 증식을 억제함을 입증할 수 있었다. 또한 랫드를 이용한 경구독성 검사를 수행한 결과 tocotrienol 최종 생산물은 경구투여 한계량인 $2,000mg\;kg^{-1}$ 수준에서도 사망률, 일반 증상, 체중 변화 등에 이상을 보이지 않았으며, 부검 후 흉강 및 복강의 모든 장기에 대한 육안적 부검 소견 등에서도 아무런 독성학적 변화가 유발되지 않음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2001

인삼의 항암효과의 분자적 기전을 규명하기 위하여 인삼의 성분 중 강력한 항암효과를 가지는 것으로 보고된 polyacetylene 계 성분이 Ras 단백질의 post-translational modification에 관여하는 효소인 farnesyl protein trasnferase(FPTase)와 carboxyl methyl transferase(CMTase)의 활성에 미치는 영향을 확인하였고, 인삼의 지용성 성분(PEE)이 세포주기에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 소의 뇌로부터 FPTase와 CMTase를 부분정제하여 인삼의 polyacetylene계 성분이 두 효소의 활성에 미치는 영향을 확인한 결과, FPTase는 10mM panaxynol과 10mM panaxydol에 의해서 효소활성이 각각 16.2%와 21.3% 저해받았고, CMTase 효소활성은 polyacetylene계 성분인 panaxynol과 pnanxydol에 의해서 활성을 저해받지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 인체 결장 암세포인 HT-29와 인체 간암세포인 HepG2의 배양액에 인삼의 PEE 성분의 첨가배양시 세포크기가 상당히 위축되며 사멸되었음을 볼 수 있었고, 세포주기 분석 결과 인삼의 PEE 성분의 첨가배양시 G1 단계 세포가 증가하고, S단계세포가 감소하여 세포주기의 진행이 G1-S 단계에서 현저히 억제됨을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 인삼의 지용성 성분에 의한 항암효과는 Ras의 post-translational modification 에 관여하는 효소의 활성저해에 기인하기보다는 세포주기의 진행 과정에서 세포주기 조절인자들의 발현변화 및 세포주기의 진행에 관여하는 단백질의 활성억제와 관련이 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.452-459
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• 2019

Background: Ginsenoside compound K(C-K), a major metabolite of ginsenoside, exhibits anticancer activity in various cancer cells and animal models. A cell signaling study has shown that C-K inhibited nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) pathway in human astroglial cells and liver cancer cells. However, the molecular targets of C-K and the initiating events were not elucidated. Methods: Interaction between C-K and Annexin A2 was determined by molecular docking and thermal shift assay. HepG2 cells were treated with C-K, followed by a luciferase reporter assay for $NF-{\kappa}B$, immunofluorescence imaging for the subcellular localization of Annexin A2 and $NF-{\kappa}B$ p50 subunit, coimmunoprecipitation of Annexin A2 and $NF-{\kappa}B$ p50 subunit, and both cell viability assay and plate clone formation assay to determine the cell viability. Results: Both molecular docking and thermal shift assay positively confirmed the interaction between Annexin A2 and C-K. This interaction prevented the interaction between Annexin A2 and $NF-{\kappa}B$ p50 subunit and their nuclear colocalization, which attenuated the activation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and the expression of its downstream genes, followed by the activation of caspase 9 and 3. In addition, the overexpression of Annexin A2-K320A, a C-K binding-deficient mutant of Annexin A2, rendered cells to resist C-K treatment, indicating that C-K exerts its cytotoxic activity mainly by targeting Annexin A2. Conclusion: This study for the first time revealed a cellular target of C-K and the molecular mechanism for its anticancer activity.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1321-1325
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• 1999

The inhibitory effect of Ramaria botrytis on the mutagenicity in Salmonella assay and cytotoxicity on cancer cell were studied. Ramaria botrytis methanol extracts showed antimutagenic effects of 60~90% on B(a)P and AFB1 in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100. These extracts showed 73~85% antimutagenicity on TA100 against MNNG. The methanol extracts with strong antimutagenic activities were further fractionated by ethylacetate and water, the ethylacetate fraction were found to be stronger antimutagen icity against MNNG than water fraction. Ramaria botrytis methanol extracts and ethylacetate fraction revealed the highest cytoxicity against HT 29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells in which cell growth was inhibited by 57~88% and 69~94% at 0.25~1.0mg/ml, respectively. These methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction exhibited 53~79% and 66~87% inhibition against HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cells, respectively. But water fraction showed only 10~24% inhibition. However, these extract and fractions did not show cytotoxic effect against human chang liver cells. From these results, it is considered that Ramaria botrytis has stronger antimutagenic and anticancer effects in vitro.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.115-127
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 방울토마토 라이코펜 품종의 기능성 식품 또는 식품 소재로서의 효용성을 알아보기 위하여 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량, 항산화 활성, 암세포 생육억제 효과를 검증하여 보았다. 방울토마토 라이코펜 품종의 폴리페놀 함량은 건조물 1 g당 $12.28{\pm}1.78mg$으로 국내산 일반 토마토와 유사하였으며, 플라보노이드는 건조물 1 g당 $3.89{\pm}0.54mg$이 함유되어 있어, 일반 토마토에 비해 4~6배 가량 높았다. 방울토마토 라이코펜 품종의 항산화 활성을 알아보기 위해 DPPH radical scavenging activity(DSA), ABTS radical scavenging activity(ASA) 및 Ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP)를 측정하였다. DSA와 ASA를 측정한 결과, 추출물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 라디칼 소거 활성이 증가하였으며, $IC_{50}$은 각각 $328.64{\pm}4.190{\mu}g/mL$, $350.61{\pm}3.30{\mu}g/mL$이었다. 또한, FRAP값은 $26.92{\pm}0.68{\mu}mol$ $Fe^{2+}/g$으로 밝혀져 방울토마토 라이코펜 품종은 항산화 활성이 있음이 확인되었다. 방울토마토 라이코펜 품종의 세포독성과 암세포 생육억제 효과를 검증한 결과, 폐암세포(A549)에 대해 강한 생육 억제 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 방울토마토 라이코펜 추출물은 처리 농도가 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 A549 세포의 생육을 억제하였다. 추출물을 $500{\mu}g/mL$ 농도로 처리하였을 경우, 67.39%의 암세포 억제 효과를 보였으며, $IC_{50}$은 $375.46{\pm}33.67{\mu}g/mL$이었다. 또한, 방울토마토 라이코펜 추출물은 자궁경부암세포(HeLa)와 간암세포(HepG2)에 대해서도 약한 생육억제 효과를 보임을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 통해 방울토마토 라이코펜 품종은 기능성 식품 또는 식품 소재로서의 가치가 매우 높음이 확인되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.1371-1376
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• 2007

예로부터 약용으로 이용되어온 헛개나무 잎을 이용하여 항돌연변이원성 및 암세포 성장 저해효과를 조사하였다. 헛개나무 잎의 돌연변이 억제 효과를 Ames test로 검색한 결과, 헛개나무 잎의 메탄올 추출물과 분획물 그 자체의 돌연변이원성은 없었으며, 헛개나무 잎의 메탄올 추출물은 직접 변이원인 N-methyl-N#-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine(MNNG)와 간접변이원인 benzo(a)pyrene(B(a)P)의 돌연변이 유발성을 크게 저해하였다. 또한 메탄올 추출물에서 분리한 분획물들도 유의성 있는 돌연변이 억제효과를 나타내었으며 특히 헥산, 클로르포름, 부탄올 분획물의 경우는 물 분획물보다 MNNG와 B(a)P에 대해서 더 큰 항돌연변이 효과를 나타내었다. 그리고 헛개나무 잎의 메탄올 추출물과 그 분획물들의 사람의 암세포주인 HT29와 HepG2에 대한 성장 저해 효과를 MTT assay로 검토한 결과 헛개나무 잎의 메탄올 추출물과 헥산, 클로로포름 분획물들이 높은 암세포 성장 저해 효과를 나타내었으며 농도 의존적인 경향을 보였다. 그러나 사람의 정상 간세포인 Chang cell에서는 세포독성이 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 실험 결과로 헛개나무 잎은 발암물질로부터 생체를 보호하는 물질을 함유하고 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2014

Physalis alkekengi var. francheti Hort. is known as an insecticide and traditional remedy for liver related diseases. Therefore, this study investigated the chemopreventive effects of extracts and several solvent fractions (n-hexane, dichloromethane, n-butanol, water) of Physalis alkekengi var. francheti Hort. First, their cytotoxicity and NQO1 activity were measured using an MTT assay, plus a quinone reductase [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone); NAD(P)H: (quinone acceptor) oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.99.2]-inducing activity assay was performed using cultured murine hepatoma cells (Hepa1c1c7) and its mutant cells(BpRc1). The reduction of electrophilic quinones by NQO1 is an important detoxification pathway and major mechanism of chemoprevention. When compared with the other solvent soluble fractions with different polarities, the dichloromethane fraction of Physalis alkekengi var. francheti Hort. showed a higher NQO1-inducing activity that was also dose-dependent. Moreover, the dichloromethane fraction of Physalis alkekengi var. francheti Hort. induced ARE-luciferase activities in HepG2-C8 cells that were generated by transfecting the ARE-luciferase gene construct, suggesting the Nrf2-ARE-mediated induction of anti-oxidative enzymes. In conclusion, the dichloromethane-soluble fraction of Physalis alkekengi var. francheti Hort. showed a relatively strong induction of detoxifying enzymes, thereby meriting further study to identify the active components and evaluate their potential as cancer preventive agents.