• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.349-353
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• 2009

We developed a new barley cultivar "Dami" (Hordeum vulgare L.) with the auricleless gene lig (al, li, aur-a). The characteristic of auricleless is a spontaneous mutant type which has known as a monogenic recessive gene. The plant with the gene has erect leaf blades because of no auricle. The cultivar was derived from a cross between 'BGS60' and 'Kangbori'. 'BGS60' has the auricleless gene (li), while 'Kangbori' showed a high biomass with winter hardiness and resistance to BaYMV (Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus). Subsequent generations were handled by the bulk method in a pedigree selection program. A promising line showed both high yield and lodging resistance in the yield trials at Iksan in 2003 to 2004, and designated as Iksan414. The line was subsequently evaluated for winter hardiness, earliness, and yield in the seven locations around Korea for three years from 2005 to 2007 and was designated as "Dami" and released. It has the growth habit of III, erect plant type, green leaf and stem similar to the check cultivar 'Sunwoo' Its heading date was April 30, and maturing date May 31 in paddy field conditions, which were similar to those of 'Sunwoo' respectively. The cultivar Dami was 97 cm in culm length, had 643 spikes per $m^2$ and higher leaf dry weight, and better adaptability to dense planting, winter hardiness, and resistance to BaYMV than the check cultivar did. The average forage yield of "Dami" was about 12 ton $ha^{-1}$ in dry matter (33 ton $ha^{-1}$ in fresh matter) in paddy field. "Dami" also showed 7.5% of crude protein content, 28.5% of ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber), 50.1% of NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber), and 66.4% of TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients), including higher grade of silage quality for whole crop barley. This cultivar would be suitable for the area where the daily minimum temperature of January is above $-8^{\circ}C$ in Korean peninsula.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.9-17
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• 2012

In this study, in addition to the green tea - wood fiber hybrid composite boards of previous researches, to make effective use of saw dust of domestic cypress tree with functionalities and application as interior materials, eco-friendly hybrid composite boards were manufactured from wood fiber, green tea and saw dust of cypress tree. We investigated the effect of the component ratio of saw dust and green tea on dynamic MOE (modulus of elasticity). Dynamic MOE was within 1.41~1.65 GPa, and showed the highest value in wood fiber : green tea : saw dust = 50 : 40 : 10 of the component ratio, and had the lowest value in 50 : 30 : 20 of component ratio. These values were 1.4~1.6 times higher than static bending MOE of wood fiber - saw dust - green tea hybrid composite boards, and were 2.0~2.9 times lower than those of green tea - wood fiber hybrid composite boards reported in the previous researches. From the results of correlation regression analyses between dynamic MOE and static strength performances, a very high correlation coefficients were obtained, therefore it was found that static bending strength performances can be estimated with a high reliability from dynamic MOE.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.41-46
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• 2011

In this study, in addition to the green tea-wood fiber hybrid composite boards of previous researches, to make effective use of saw dust of domestic cypress tree with functionalities and application as interior materials, eco-friendly hybrid composite boards were manufactured from wood fiber, green tea and saw dust of cypress tree. We investigated the effect of the component ratio of saw dust and green tea on static bending strength performances. Static bending MOE (modulus of elasticity) was within 0.956~1.18GPa, and showed the highest value in wood fiber : green tea : saw dust = 50 : 40 : 10 of the component ratio, and had the lowest value in 50 : 30 : 20 of component ratio. These values were 2.0~3.1times lower than those of green tea-wood fiber hybrid composite boards reported in the previous researches. The bending MOR (modulus of rupture) showed 8.99~11.5MPa, the change of the bending MOR with component ratio of the factors was the same as that of bending MOE. These values had 1.9~3.5 times lower value than those of green tea-wood fiber hybrid composite boards, and showed the slightly lower values than the MOR of particle boards (PB) and medium density fiberboards (MDF) prescribed in Korean Industrial Standard. Therefore, it is considered that these hybrid composite boards need to improve strength performances by component ratio change, hybrid composite with other materials and adhesive change etc. in order to industrialize the hybrid composite boards.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.709-716
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• 2011

In order to collect basic data of soil environment in the Vicinity of King Sejong Station, King George Island, Antarctica, the physico-chemical characteristics of soils were investigated. Soil samples were collected in Barton Peninsula from 13 sites according to direction from the Sejong Cape. Soils from 13 sites were divided into three groups. The sand percentage of soils were much higher as above 90% than silt and clay percentages of soils at the all sites. Soil texture was classified sandy (10 sites) and loamy sand (3 sites). In distribution characteristics at different soil particles according to direction, large particles ($>500{\mu}m$) were higher in the order of Group 1 (Marian cove coast regions) > Group 2 (Inland regions) > Group 3 (Maxwell bay coast regions). On the other hand, small particles ($<355{\mu}m$) were higher in the order of Group 3 > Group 2 > Group 1. Chemical characteristic of soils showed significant differences at different areas. pH ranged 4.5-6.7, showing it was slightly acid and EC ranged $0.06-0.16dS\;m^{-1}$. T-N, OM and T-C contents were high at #6, #8, #12 and #13 sites. T-P and P2O5 contents were high at #9 and #12 sites. The results of this study will be helpful to understand soil environment in the Antarctic Peninsula and surrounding islands.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.465-472
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• 2011

To investigate the effect of inorganic ($GeO_2$) and organic (Ge-132) germanium treatment on Brasica juncea C. plant, growth characteristics and Ge contents were examined with various inorganic or organic germanium treatments (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and $100mg\;L^{-1}$), respectively. Brasica juncea C. growth did not much inhibited until Ge $10mg\;L^{-1}$ concentration under both Ge-132 and $GeO_2$ treatments as compared to control. On the other hand, at Ge concentration higher than $25mg\;L^{-1}$ concentration, Brasica juncea C. growth was inhibited under both Ge-132 and $GeO_2$ treatments. Under treatment of $GeO_2$, length of root and shoot slightly increased until $5mg\;L^{-1}$ concentration and dry weight slightly increased until $10mg\;L^{-1}$ concentration. Under treatment of Ge-132, length of root and shoot slightly increased until $10mg\;L^{-1}$ concentration and dry weight slightly increased until $25mg\;L^{-1}$ concentration. Total Ge contents in Brasica juncea C. early seedlings with $GeO_2$ treatment were a bit higher than those with Ge-132 treatment. Germanium was primarily accumulated in the roots (77%) with organic Ge (Ge-132) treatments, whereas Ge was primarily accumulated in the leaf (70%, respectively) with $GeO_2$ treatments. The Ge uptake rates in inorganic Ge treatments were slightly high than those in organic Ge treatments. Under inorganic Ge treatment with $2.5mg\;L^{-1}$, about 3% of Ge was accumulated into plant and distribution in leaf and root was 84.8% and 15.2%, respectively. Under organic Ge treatment with $2.5mg\;L^{-1}$, about 2.6% of Ge was accumulated into plant and distribution in leaf and root was 66.4% and 33.6%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 2009

"Hanbaek", a white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. It was derived from the cross "Shan7859/Keumkang"//"Guamuehill" during 1996. "Hanbaek" was evaluated as "Iksan314" in Advanced Yield Trial Test in 2005. It was tested in the regional yield trial between 2006 and 2008. "Hanbaek" is an awned, semi-dwarf and hard winter wheat, similar to "Keumkang" (check cultivar). The heading and maturing date of "Hanbaek" were similar to that of "Keumkang". Culm and spike length of "Hanbaek" were 89 cm and 9.0 cm, which longer culm length and spike length than "Keumkang" (80 cm and 7.9 cm, respectively). "Hanbaek" had lower test weight (797 g) and higher 1,000-grain weight (47.7 g) than "Keumkang" (813 g and 44.9 g, respectively). "Hanbaek" showed resistance to winter hardiness and susceptible to pre-harvest sprouting, which lower withering rate on the high ridge (4.4%) and higher rate of pre-harvest sprouting (47.9%) than "Keumkang" (21.9% and 30.4%, respectively). "Hanbaek" had similar flour yield (74.4%) to "Keumkang" (74.1%) and higher ash content (0.45%) than "Keumkang" (0.42%). "Hanbaek" showed lower lightness (89.13) and similar redness and yellowness (-0.87 and 10.93) in flour color than "Keumkang" (90.02, -1.23 and 9.28, respectively). It showed similar protein content (12.8%) SDS-sedimentation volume (63.0 ml) and gluten content (10.8%) to those of "Keumkang" (11.9%, 62.3 ml and 10.2%, respectively). It showed lower water absorption (59.6%) and mixing time (3.8 min) in mixograph and higher fermentation volume (1,350 ml) than those of "Keumkang" (60.6%, 4.7 min and 1,290 ml, respectively). Amylose content and pasting properties of "Hanbaek " were similar to those of "Keumkang". "Hanbaek" showed same compositions in high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS, 2*, 13+16, 2+12), granule bound starch synthase (Wx-A1a, Wx-B1a, and Wx-D1a) and puroindolines (Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b) compared to "Keumkang". "Hanbaek" showed lower hardness (4.22N) and similar springiness and cohesiveness of cooked noodles (0.94 and 0.63) to those of "Keumkang" (4.65N, 0.93 and 0.64, respectively). Average yield of "Hanbaek" in the regional adaptation yield trial was 5.98 MT/ha in upland and 5.05 MT/ha in paddy field, which was 8% and 6% higher than those of "Keumkang" (5.55 MT/ha and 4.77 MT/ha, respectively). "Hanbaek" would be suitable for the area above the daily minimum temperature of $-10^{\circ}C$ in January in Korean peninsula.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2019

This study was performed to confirm the influence of chlorogenic acid (CGA) and 3,5-dicaffeyolquinic acid (3,5-diCQA) intake on problems caused by high-fat diet. CGA was more effective in suppressing weight gain than 3,5-diCQA. In contrast, 3,5-diCQA was more effective in improving glucose tolerance than CGA. In the biopsy, it was confirmed that CGA inhibited visceral fat and liver fat accumulation. 3,5-diCQA also inhibited visceral fat accumulation, but 3,5-diCQA increased liver fat accumulation. The liver fat accumulation induced oxidative stress, but 3,5-diCQA reduced oxidative damage through its antioxidant activity. The increased liver fat accumulation was because a 3,5-diCQA greatly increased Akt phosphorylation and decreased AMPK phosphorylation in the liver. Consequently, CGA was effective in alleviating the problems caused by high-fat diets, while maintaining normal balance. 3,5-diCQA also showed a positive effect on problems caused by high-fat diets, but it increased liver fat accumulation and thereby had negative consequences.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.94-99
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• 2019

The objective of this study is to establish the shelf life of non-pasteurized whole egg, egg yolk and egg white liquid. Each sample was stored for two weeks at $5^{\circ}C$, $10^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$, and $25^{\circ}C$, and then sensory, microbial, and physicochemical tests were performed periodically. The estimation of shelf life was based on the microbial standards of total viable counts and coliforms. The chemical properties highly correlated with the sensory evaluation were also used. Our results showed that the shelf life was the most influenced by microbial properties. Exceptionally, however, whole egg and white liquid stored at $5^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$ with limited bacterial growth were affected by chemical property. The shelf life of the three non-pasteurized liquids was calculated to be less than one day at over $15^{\circ}C$. At $5^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$, the shelf life was calculated to be 5 d and 1 d for egg yolk liquid, 5 d and 5 d for egg white, and 7 d and 5 d for whole egg, respectively. Therefore, it is advisable to establish reasonable shelf life in the more specific manner based on consideration of these findings.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.122-147
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• 2012

The Four-guardian statues in Song-gwang buddhist temple, Suncheon, Korea, have been remade in AD 1628 and have been repaired and repainted over several times since then. Therefore, the study of the pigments applied on the statues can provide good chance for investigation about pigments used in the late Chosun Period. Pigments on fragments from Gwang-mok(Virupaksha), one of the Four-guardian statues, have been analyzed by optical microscope, SEM-EDX and XRD in order to identify the components and compounds. Six types of materials were found from the fragments, which are soil layer with brown clay band, soil layer containing a lot of fibers, Korean paper with loose texture, Korean paper with dense texture, silk, and hemp textile. Presumably, the soil layer which have brown clay band is basis layer and the other layers are repaired layers. From comparative study for the components of the pigments, applied on upper and lower parts of the repaired layers, we have concluded that those repaired layers had been applied on the statue by the following order; basis layer ${\rightarrow}$ Korean paper with loose texture ${\rightarrow}$ soil containing a lot of fibers ${\rightarrow}$ silk ${\rightarrow}$ hemp textile and Korean paper with dense texture. In addition, the years that those materials were applied on the statue have been estimated as 1720~1891, 1926, 1946 and 1976, respectively. The distinct features of each age are as the following; lead white and copper chloride hydroxide are major white and green pigments before 1891, zinc white, barium white, emerald green, and ultramarine blue appear after 1926 and titanium white uprises around 1976. Our result presented here, study on pigments applied on traditional statues over several different periods, will provide good database for future study on pigments used for traditional painting in Buddist temples and Dancheong.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.379-392
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• 2019

The current study investigated the effect of Gabjubaekmok (Diospyros kaki) ethanolic extract (GEE) on $H_2O_2$-induced human neuroblastoma MC-IXC cells and amyloid beta $(A{\beta})_{1-42}$-induced ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice. GEE showed significant antioxidant activity that was evaluated based on ABTS, DPPH scavenging activity, and inhibition of malondialdehyde (MDA) and acetylcholinesterase activity. Further, GEE inhibited ROS production and increased cell viability in $H_2O_2$-induced MC-IXC cells. Administration of GEE ameliorated the cognitive dysfunction on $A{\beta}$-induced ICR mice as evaluated using Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests. Results of ex vivo test using brain tissues showed that, GEE protected the cholinergic system and mitochondrial functions by increasing the levels of antioxidants such as ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) against $A{\beta}$-induced cognitive dysfunction. Moreover, GEE decreasd the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, p-JNK, p-tau, BAX and caspase 3. While, expression levels of p-Akt and $p-GSK3{\beta}$ increased than $A{\beta}$ group. Finally, gallic acid was identified as the main compound of GEE using high performance liquid chromatography.