• Spatial Information Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.11-20
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• 2015

Abstract Monitoring is the most critical element in implementing "forest carbon offset project" to enhance the visibility of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) in North Korea. This study is intended to explore monitoring potential in terms of forest carbon offset project using satellite image for Baekdu mountain of North Korea. The permanent record of standard satellite remote sensing system demonstrated its capability of presenting area-wide visual evidences of monitoring conditions in Mt. Baekdu mountain of North Korea (site suitability, carbon stock by forest biomass growth, carbon emission by forest biomass loss, deforestation and degradation, environmental, social and economic impact specified in the Carbon Sequestration Law). It doesn't seem very difficult to comply with monitoring requirements for "the forest carbon offset project" due to the probative value of satellite data. Therefore, it could be considerable or realistic approach to utilize CSR based forest carbon offset project as a point of reform and open-door in North Korea. It is anticipated that this research output could be used as a valuable reference for Korea-based enterprises to ensure monitoring potentials using satellite image in exploring forest carbon offset project sites in North Korea.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2013

Little research has been conducted to explore the heavy metal removal potential of biochar. The adsorption characteristics of heavy metals by sesame waste biochar (pyrolysis at $600^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour) as heavy metal absorbent were investigated. The sesame waste biochar was characterized by SEM-EDS and FT-IR, and heavy metal removal was studied using Freundlich and Langmuir equations. The removal rates of heavy metals were higher in the order of Pb>Cu>Cd>Zn, showing that the adsorption efficiency of Pb was higher than those of any other heavy metals. Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were used to model the equilibrium adsorption data obtained for adsorption of heavy metals on biochar produced from sesame waste. Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn equilibrium adsorption data were fitted well to the two models, but Pb gave a better fit to Langmuir model. Heavy metals were observed on the biochar surface after adsorption by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Main functional groups were aromatic C=O ring (at $1160cm^{-1}$, $1384cm^{-1}$ and $1621cm^{-1}$) by FT-IR analysis. Thus, biochar produced from sesame waste could be useful adsorbent for treating heavy metal wastewaters.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.605-614
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• 2020

This study was conducted to compare the growth performances of three groups of commercial Korean native chickens (KNCs) including two strains of crossbreeds and H3 (Hanhyeop 3) from hatch to twelve weeks of age. (1A, 2A, and H3). A total of 468 one-day-old chicks were allocated in a completely randomized design with 15 replicates per treatment for the crossbreeds and 9 replicates per treatment for H3 (12 birds per cage). Commercial broiler diets (i.e., Week 0 - 5 crude protein [CP] 22.0%, metabolizable energy [ME] 3,025 kcal·kg^-1; week 5 - 8 CP 20.0%, ME 3,100 kcal·kg^-1; week 8 - 12 CP 19.0%, ME 3,150 kcal·kg^-1) were provided according to the Korean Feeding Standard for Poultry on an ad-libitum basis with fresh clean water during the twelve-week period. Body weight gain and shank length (SL) were measured weekly until week 6 and bi-weekly during week 6 to 12. Compared to H3, the two crossbreed groups had a higher body weight (BW) on weeks 3 to 8; however, the bodyweight of H3 on week 10 was significantly higher than the other groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of H3 was higher than that of the two crossbreed groups from hatching to 84 days except for week 3, and H3 showed a lower average daily gain (ADG) on weeks 3 and 10 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, H3 had a higher feed conversion ratio compared to another crossbreed chicken on weeks 1 to 8 and the last week after hatching. Among all the groups, there was no significant difference for shank length during the experimental period.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.699-713
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• 2003

Statement of problem. Titanium is the most important material for biomedical and dental implants because of their high corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility. These beneficial properties are due to a protective passive oxide film that spontaneously forms on the surface. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the responses of osteoblast-like cells on different surface treatments on Ti discs. Material and Methods. Group 1 represented the machined surface with no treatment. Group 2 surfaces were sandblasted with $50{\mu}m\;Al_2O_3$ under $5kgf/cm^2$ of pressure. Groups 3 and 4 were sandblasted under the same conditions. The samples were treated on a titanium oxide surface with reactive sputter depositioning and thermal oxidation at $600^{\circ}C$ (Group 3) and $800^{\circ}C$ (Group 4) for one hour in an oxygen environment. The chemical composition and microtopography were analyzed by XRD, XPS, SEM and optical interferometer. The stability of $TiO_2$ layer was studied by petentiodynamic curve. To evaluate cell response, osteoblast extracted from femoral bone marrow of young adult rat were cultured for cell attachment, proliferation and morphology on each titanium discs. Results and Conclusion. The results were as follows : 1. Surface roughness values were, from the lowest to the highest, machined group, $800^{\circ}C$ thermal oxidation group, $600^{\circ}C$ thermal oxidation group and blasted group. The Ra value of blasted group was significantly higher than that of $800^{\circ}C$ thermal oxidation group (P=0.003), which was not different from that of $600^{\circ}C$ thermal oxidation group (P<0.05). 2. The degree of cell attachment was highest in the $600^{\circ}C$ thermal oxidation group after four and eight hours (P<0.05), but after 24 hours, there was no difference among the groups (P>0.05). 3. The level of cell proliferation showed no difference among the groups after one day, three days, and seven days (P>0.05). 4. The morphology and arrangement of the cells varied with surface roughness of the discs.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2003

Statement of problem : Implant screw loosening remains a problem in implant prosthodontics. Some abutment screws with treated surfaces were introduced to prevent screw loosening and to increase preload. DLC(Diamond Like Carbon) film has similar properties on hardness, wear resistance, chemical stability, biocompatibility as real diamond materials. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lubricant layer on abutment screw and to discriminate more effective method between soft lubricant and hard lubricant to prevent screw loosening. Material and method : In this study, $1{\mu}m$ thickness DLC was used as protective, lubricating layer of titanium screws and 3 times removal torque was measured on the abutment screws to investigate the difference in 10 coated and 10 non-coated abutment screws. Results : The results indicated that the implants with DLC coating group were not more resistant to the applied force in screw loosening. At 32Ncm, the 3 times removal torque in DLC group were $27.75{\pm}2.89,\;25.85{\pm}2.35$ and $26.2{\pm}2.57$. The removal torque in no-coated abutment screws were $27.85{\pm}4.23,\;27.35{\pm}2.81$ and $27.9{\pm}2.31$, respectively. Conclusion : The lubricant layer used in this study was Diamond Like Carbon(DLC) and it have a properties of hard and stable layer. The DLC coating layer was hard enough to prevent distortion of screws in the repeated unscrewing procedure in clinical situation. The reduced friction coefficient in hard DLC layer was not effective to prevent screw loosening.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2011

Korea coastal area is highly potential dangerous zone of marine accident due to frequent ship's encounters. VTS center can't identify ship's information because of beyond VHF range. It is also difficult of us to efficiently manage vessel traffic beyond VTS control area, so that it can't prevent marine accident. Presently, korean government is conducting maritime traffic safety assessment according to enlargement of harbor & development of new port but do not have the system which provide danger of information depending on maritime traffic environment with real time. So it is necessary to develop evaluation index which can assess sea risk through the evaluation of maritime traffic environment. In this paper, on the basis of vessel navigator's risk consciousness, we carried out survey & statistical analysis vessel navigator's subjective risk depending on the LOA, crossing situation($045^{\circ}$, $090^{\circ}$, $135^{\circ}$), overtaking, head-on situation, encountering vessel's side, within or outside harbor, speed with other vessel(ex. same, fast or slow), speed difference with other vessel and distance with other vessel & propose basic expression to develop maritime traffic safety evaluation model. And by using this model, we can confirm that this proposing expression is suitable for domestic maritime traffic environment.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.304-309
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• 2008

All the seeds of rape (Brassica napus) sprout vegetables were germinated within three days after seeding irrelevant to the light colors. The total fresh weight of rape sprout vegetables at 6 days after seeding have been increased when grown under green and white color lights by 0.339g/10plants and 0.339g/10plants compared with the control. The total flavonoid contents in rape sprouts were increased under red and blue lights by 72.5 and 70.9mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$. Those DPPH radical scavenging activities at 2,000mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$ were increased by 90.0 and 90.3% which were sprouted and grown under blue and white lights. Nitrite radical scavenging activity of sprouts were most decreased compared with the control when grown under the red light by 57.4mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$. And mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activity of rape sprouts was extremely increased under the green light by 22.5mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.525-534
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• 2016

In South Korea, paddy rice has been consumed over the entire region and it is the main source of income for farmers, thus mathematical model for the estimation of rice yield is required for such decision-making processes in agriculture. The objectives of our study are to: (1) develop rice yield estimation model using Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN), (2) choose hyper-parameters for the model which show the best performance and (3) investigate whether CNN model can effectively predict the rice yield by the comparison with the model using Artificial Neural Networks(ANN). Weather and MODIS(The MOderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) products from April to September in year 2000~2013 were used for the rice yield estimation models and cross-validation was implemented for the accuracy assessment. The CNN and ANN models showed Root Mean Square Error(RMSE) of 36.10kg/10a, 48.61kg/10a based on rice points, respectively and 31.30kg/10a, 39.31kg/10a based on 'Si-Gun-Gu' districts, respectively. The CNN models outperformed ANN models and its possibility of application for the field of rice yield estimation in South Korea was proved.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.188-196
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• 2014

This study aimed to understand the nutrient absorption, usage and allocation of Carpinus cordata in different soil and light environments. Seasonal changes of foliar nitrogen, phosphorous, chlorophyll contents, leaf mass per area (LMA) and nutrient retranslocation rates were investigated for C. cordata saplings growing in a natural deciduous broadleaved forest and an Manchurian fir (Abies holophylla) plantation in Gwangneung, Kyunggido. The deciduous forest had lower leaf area, higher light penetration, and better soil fertility than the Manchurian fir forest. However, available soil phosphorous content in the deciduous forest was only one third of that in the Manchurian fir forest, which caused lower foliar phosphorous content and higher P retranslocation rate of C. cordata in the deciduous forest than that in the Mancurian fir forest. Soil nitrogen contents in the deciduous forest were higher than that in the Manchurian fir forest, however, no differences in foliar nitrogen content and retranslocation rate in C. cordata between the two stands were found. C. cordata in the Manchurian fir forest with high LAI throughout a year, had lower LMA, foliar nitrogen content and chlorophyll a/b, while had higher total chlorophyll content and chlorophyll/N than that in the deciduous forest. These results implied C. cordata under different environments are using different strategies for nutrient use and allocations.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.234-240
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• 2005

This study was conducted to identify cross compatibility with table grape and pollen characteristics by flower type in Vitis amurensis Rupr. (GW-22, GW-45, GW-56, GW-200, GW-202 and GW-300) collected in Gangwon area. Flower structure, germinability and morphology of pollen, and cross compatibility with table grape were examined. Flowers of GW-22 and GW-56 had an aborted gynoecium and five erect fdaments, and all of them was male. The percentage of pollen germination of GW-22 and GW-56 on the agar medium was 27.6-29.8%. Flowers of GW-45, GW-200, GW-202 and GW-300 had well-developed pistils and five stamens with curled filaments. The percentage of pollen germination of female plant on the agar medium was 0%. Pollen grail)s from GW-22 and GW-56 (male flower) have symmetrically distributed three furrows on their surface and each furrow contains a germ pore at the equatorial level (Tricolporated). GW-45, GW-200, GW202, and GW-300 (Female flower) produced pollen grains with no germinative structures (acolporated). In self-pollina-tion of female flowers, berries of clusters were no berry and no seed. Therefore, flower structure in V. amurensis proved to be that of other dioecious Vitis species. In cross combination of female and male flower of V. amurensis made normal seeds. In cross combination of table grape and V. amurensis of male flower made normal seeds. But, in cross combination of female flower of V. amurensis did not make seeds. Therefore, V. amurensis was cross compatible with vitis spp, and V. amurensis varieties may contribute to breeding studies of Vitis spp.