• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.327-329
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• 1988

Blood samples were obtained from Korean native cattle and dairy cattle of Holstein species in the slaughter house and methylene blue color tests were performed for the detection of the inherited susceptibitity to hemolysis. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities expressed as the optical density obtained by methylene blue color test were the highest as 0.54 in male Korean cattle, 0.62 in female Korean cattle and 0.72 in dairy cattle of Holstein species. Percent hemolysis, packed cell volume and plasma protein contents were measured and compaired with relation to the results of methylene blue color test and no correlation were observed in each.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1250-1253
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• 1992

A patient with intravascular hemolysis due to residual shunt and right ventricular outflow track obstruction after total correction of TOF was presented. The patient was 29 years old female. She underwented VSD closure with dacron patch, infundibulectomy, pulmonic valvotomy and direct closure of PFO. 8 months after the operation, severe intravascular hemolysis and hemolytic anemia appeared. Conservative therapies were not effective, her general condition and laboratory finding got worse gradually. She underwent reoperation, the shunt was closed and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction was corrected by pulmonary valvotomy, infudibulectomy and transannular patch. After operation, hemolysis disappeared dramatically. Severe hemolysis may induce renal failure and necessitate transfusion frequently. If hemolytic anemia is not corrected by conservative treatment, early reoperation is required.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.8
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• pp.314-320
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• 2020

Background: The accumulation of unpaired α-globin chains in patients with β-thalassemia major may clinically create ineffective erythropoiesis, hemolysis, and chronic anemia. Multiple blood transfusions and iron overload cause cellular oxidative damage. However, α-tocopherol, an antioxidant, is a potent scavenger of lipid radicals in the membranes of red blood cells (RBCs) of patients with β-thalassemia major. Purpose: To evaluate the effects of α-tocopherol on hemolysis and oxidative stress markers on the RBC membranes of patients with β-thalassemia major. Methods: Forty subjects included in this randomized controlled trial were allocated to the placebo and α-tocopherol groups. Doses of α-tocopherol were based on Institute of Medicine recommendations: 4-8 years old, 200 mg/day; 9-13 years old, 400 mg/day; 14-18 years old, 600 mg/day. Hemolysis, oxidative stress, and antioxidant variables were evaluated before and after 4-week α-tocopherol or placebo treatment, performed before blood transfusions. Results: Significant enhancements in plasma haptoglobin were noted in the α-tocopherol group (3.01 mg/dL; range, 0.60-42.42 mg/dL; P=0.021). However, there was no significant intergroup difference in osmotic fragility test results; hemopexin, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione (GSH), or oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels; or GSH/GSSG ratio. Conclusion: Use of α-tocopherol could indirectly improve hemolysis and haptoglobin levels. However, it played no significant role in oxidative stress or as an endogen antioxidant marker in β-thalassemia major.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.131-137
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• 1994

Drug delivery system by the use of red blood cells was established to sustain the release of drugs in the circulatory system by the intravenous injection. The entrapment method by the preswelling technique was re-examined and evaluated for searching the new entrapping conditions without hemolysis. The addition of 4 volume of $0.6{\times}\;hank's$ balanced salt solution (HBSS) into 1 volume of 50% red blood cells suspension did not induce the hemolysis and change the hematocrit level in this experimental condition (within 15 min). Most of daunorubicin could be entrapped into red blood cells within 15 min. While the intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level followed by the entrapment was reduced to 86% of normal ATP level, the membrane fluidity and the shape factor of red blood cells were not altered. The release rate of daunorubicin from red blood cells was affected by the hemolysis under this condition. To maintain the intracellular ATP in red blood cells, the new reaction buffer was made With the addition of ATP and sodium pyruvate during the entrapment procedure because the hemolysis during the release test would reflect the loss of intracellular ATP that might result in the decrease of the viability in vivo. The addition of ATP raised the intracellular ATP level, which protect the hemolysis during the release test.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.353-362
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• 2000

Minimization of hemolysis is one of the key factors for successful axial flow blood pumps. It is, however, difficult to estimate the hemolytic performance of axial flow blood pumps without experiments. Instead, the Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) analysis enables the prediction of hemolysis. Three-dimensional fluid dynamics of axial flow pumps with different impellers were analyzed using the CFD software, FLOTRAN. The turbulence model k-$\varepsilon$ was used. The changes in turbulent kinetic energy applied to each particle (red blood cell) flowing through the pumps were computed and displayed by the particle trace method (particle spacing of 10 msec). Also, the Reynolds shear stress was calculated from the turbulent kinetic energy. The shear stress was higher behind the impellers than elsewhere. The CFD analysis could predict in vitro results of hemolysis and also the areas where hemolysis occurred. The CFD analysis was found to be a useful tool for designing less hemolytic rotary blood pumps.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.62-65
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• 2008

Purpose: Vitamin $B_{12}$ and folic acid are type of water-soluble vitamin and those work as a secondary vital enzyme, but especially those are involved in the nuclear DNA synthesis. Those are mainly measured in order to diagnose megaloblastic anemia and to assess the storage of folic acid during pregnancy. It is generally known that the hemolyzed serum is useless for folic acid and vitamin $B_{12}$, but it is not easy to abide by this information because our lab (Samkwang Medical Laboratories) is reference laboratory. We tested how much the extent of hemolyzed serum had influence on the results. Materials and Method: We performed the tests of vitamin $B_{12}$, folic acid. For the hemolysis effect study, we used 40 cases. According to the level of A, B and C groups, each group had 10 samples which were mechanically hemolyzed serum. Results: Hemolysis did not affect the vitamin $B_{12}$ results. However in case of folic acid, the value increased according to the degree of hemolysis. And severe hemolyzed cases had the highest value (greater than 20 ng/ml). Conclusions: Preventing the hemolysis, it has to be informed that blood-collecting, separation and storage are performed more carefully. As you see from the above results, hemolyzed serum is not proper for folic acid test, and hemolysis does not affect the results of vitamin $B_{12}$. However, for the more accurate results, it is necessary to avoid hemolysis.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2003

The purpose of this work was to assess and quantify whether the beneficial effects in long-term gas exchange at exciting frequency were obtained at different frequencies as well and then to develop a vibrating intravascular lung assist device(VIVLAD), for Patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) or chronic respiratory problems. We investigate the optimal condition of the frequency band excited with new vibrator at state of limit hemolysis when blood hemolysis came to through a membrane vibration action. The experimental design and procedures were given for a device used to assess the effectiveness of membrane vibrations. Quantitative experimental measurements were performed to evaluate the performance of the device . and to identify membrane vibration dependence on blood hemolysis. We developed an analytical solution for the hydrodynamics of flow through a bundle of sinusoidally vibrated hollow fibers that is used to provide some insight into how wall vibrations might enhance the performance of the VIVLAD. In the result, it was measured that the effect of various excited frequencies in gas transfer rate and hemolysis from the maximum gas transfer rate at no vibration when the maximum gas transfer rates showed at module type 6, module type 6 consisted of 675 hollow fiber membranes The maximum oxygen transfer rate was caused by the occurrence of maximum amplitude and transfer of vibration to hollow fiber membranes when it was excited by the frequency band of 7Hz at each blood flow rate. because this frequency became the End mode resonance frequency of the flexible in blood flow. Also, when module type 6 was excited at an excited frequency of 7Hz. blood hemolysis was low. Therefore, we decided that the limit of hemolysis frequency is 7Hz . because maximum amplitude occurred at this frequency.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2005

In Vitro hemolysis and methemoglobin (MetHb) formation in olive flounder rythrocytes were investigated using potassium permanganate ($KMnO_4$) ranging from 2 to 250 ppm, stabilized chlorine dioxide ($S-ClO_2$)ranging from 3.13 to 400 ppm, formalin (37% formaldehyde) ranging from 31.3 to 2,000 ppm and copper sulphate ($CuSO_4$) ranging from 0.04 to 5 ppm. Remarkable hemolysis was found to be induced at $KMnO_4$ concentrations of 31.3-250 ppm and $CuSO_4$ concentrations of 0.63-5 ppm. On the other hand, MetHb formation could not be found at the same treatment concentrations. It is suggested that the cell-damaging system of $KMnO_4$ may be similar from that of $CuSO_4$ in the erythrocytes of olive flounder. Remarkable hemolysis and MetHb formation were found to be induced at $S-ClO_4$ concentrations of more than 25 ppm and 6.25 ppm, respectively. Only $S-ClO_2$ showed both hemolysis and MetHb formation among the chemicals used in the present study. Formalin did not provoke hemolysis at the highest concentration of 2,000 ppm but induced MetHb formation at ranging from 250 to 2,000 ppm. These findings reveal that the mechanism involved in formalin-induced cell-damaging effects differs from that induced by $S-ClO_2$ to olive flounder erythrocytes compared with $KMnO_4$ and $CuSO_4$.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2004

The non pulsation blood pump is divided into axial flow and centrifugal style according to the direction of inlet and outlet flow. An axial flow blood pump can be made smaller than a centrifugal blood pump because centrifugal pump's rpm is fewer than axial flow pump. Hemolysis is an important factor for the development of an axial flow blood pump. It is difficult to identify the areas where hemolysis occurs. Evaluation of hemolysis both in in-vitro and in-vivo test requires a long-time and more expensive. Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) analysis enables the engineer to predict hemolysis on a computer which just can get not only amount of htmolysis but also location of hemolysis. It takes shorter time and less expensive than in-vitro test. The purpose of this study is to git Computational fluid dynamics in axial flow pump and to verify the accuracy of prediction by the possibility of design comparing CFD results with in-vitro experimental results. Also, wish to figure out the correction method that can bring improvement in shape of axial flow blood pump using CFD analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10b
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• pp.371-372
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• 2002

It is well known that red blood cells (RBCs) are suffered from chronic stresses in systemic circulation. The objective of this study is to clarify the effect of the aging of RBCs on rheological properties and hemolysis. Initially, RBCs age fractionation was performed by using a high-speed centrifugation (15[min] at 1500[G]), then young and aged RBCs were suspended in plasma to adjust the hematocrit level of 40[%]. After this pretreatment, the viscosity was measured by using a capillary type and a cone-plate type viscometers, respectively, and the hemolysis test was carried out by a seesaw type shaker. Results from these experiments showed that the viscosity of the aged RBCs measured by the capillary viscometer was increased by 10[%] as compared with that of the young RBCs. Under the condition of all shear zones, the viscosity of the aged RBCs was increased in case of using the cone-plate type viscometer. And the hemolytic level was increased twice as the aging. The data obtained in this study indicated that the ability of aggregation of RBCs was increased and the deformability of RBCs membrane got lower with the aging. Furthermore, it was exhibited that the fragility of RBCs ’ membrane was increased with the aging.