• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1614-1621
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of graded levels of montmorillonite, a constituent of clay, on performance, hematological parameters and bone mineralization in weaned pigs. One hundred and twenty, 35-d-old crossbred pigs (Duroc${\times}$Large White${\times}$Landrace, $10.50{\pm}1.20$ kg) were used in a 28-d experiment and fed either an unsupplemented corn-soybean meal basal diet or similar diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 or 5.0% montmorillonite added at the expense of wheat bran. Each treatment was replicated six times with four pigs (two barrows and two gilts) per replicate. Feed intake declined (linear and quadratic effect, p<0.01) with increasing level of montmorillonite while feed conversion was improved (linear and quadratic effect, p<0.01). Daily gain was unaffected by dietary treatment. Plasma myeloperoxidase declined linearly (p = 0.03) with increasing dietary level of montmorillonite. Plasma malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels were quadratically affected (p<0.01) by montmorillonite with increases observed for pigs fed the 0.5 and 1.0% levels which then declined for pigs fed the 2.5 and 5.0% treatments. In bone, the content of potassium, sodium, copper, iron, manganese and magnesium were decreased (linear and quadratic effect, p<0.01) in response to an increase of dietary montmorillonite. These results suggest that dietary inclusion of montmorillonite at levels as high as 5.0% does not result in overt toxicity but could induce potential oxidative damage and reduce bone mineralization in pigs.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2008

The effects of noise stress response on hematological parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit and MCHC) and plasma parameters (cortisol, glucose and albumin) in Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), a very important commercial marine fish in Korea, were investigated. These parameters were analyzed on fish exposed to an explosion of noise. There were no significant differences or trends in hematological parameters (hematocrit; control $29.7{\pm}4.8%$, experiment 32.0 35.5%; hemoglobin; control $6.5{\pm}0.7g/dL$, experiment 6.2 7.8 g/dL; MCHC; control $19.6{\pm}0.6g/dL$, experiment 19.9~22.2 g/dL). However, plasma cortisol and glucose exhibited significant differences from start to finish and displayed the following patterns (cortisol; control $180.7{\pm}35.4ng/mL$, experiment 247.0 444.5 ng/mL; glucose; control $32.5{\pm}6.3mg/dL$, experiment 50.5 109.0 mg/dL). In addition, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA expression and basal levels of various tissues (eye, gills, liver, intestine, skin and gonads) were investigated for the first time in this marine fish. When the Korean rockfish was exposed to explosive noise stress, the GR mRNA was expressed more in the gonads than in other tissues tested and was elevated significantly from two and four times in the liver and gills, respectively, after noise exposure.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2015

A 8-week trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of photoperiod manipulation on the growth performance and hematological parameters of juvenile Caspian roach, Rutilus rutilus caspicus (average weight $1.46{\pm}0.12g$ mean${\pm}$SD) reared under five photoperiods (24 h Light, 24L; 18 h Light & 6 h Dark, 18L:6D; 12 h Light & 12 h Dark, 12L:12D; 6 h Light & 18 h Dark, 6L:18D; 24 h Dark, 24D) with constant light intensity 1,500 lx on the water surface. Triplicate of 20 fish were allocated into each of 15 fiberglass tanks of 50 L capacity and they were fed three times per day with the commercial feed (SFK, Co., Sari - Iran) contains 50.0% protein and 10.5% lipid. At the end of experimental period, final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rates of fish exposed to 24L were significantly higher than those of fish exposed to 12L:12D, 6L:18D and 24D (P < 0.05). Red blood cell and hemoglobin of fish exposed to 24L were significantly higher than those of fish exposed to 24D. No significant difference observed in hematocrit, white blood cell and plasma glucose among the different treatments groups. Therefore, these results demonstrated that the growth performance of juvenile Caspian roach can be significantly stimulated by using 24L and 18L:6D photoperiods without any measurable significant stress response such as plasma glucose concentration.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2016

The effect of sudden changes of water temperature (WT) on the survival rate and physiological responses of the red spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara) were examined by manipulating WT control system for 9 days. Experimental condition was divided in two different regimes at low (from $10^{\circ}C$ to $4^{\circ}C$, decreased $1^{\circ}C/d$) and high (from $28^{\circ}C$ to $34^{\circ}C$, increased $1^{\circ}C/d$) WT. Survival rate of experimental fishes were observed, and determined the changes of hematological characteristics by analyzing plasma levels of cortisol, glucose, total protein, and electrolytes ($Na^+$, $Cl^-$, $K^+$). No mortality was observed until low WT $6^{\circ}C$ (144 h) and high WT $32^{\circ}C$ (96 h), and 100% mortality was observed at low WT $4^{\circ}C$ (216 h) and high WT $35^{\circ}C$ (171 h). Plasma levels of cortisol and glucose increased rapidly as decreasing WT, and the loss of swimming ability and respiration response was observed at low WT $7^{\circ}C$ and high WT $34^{\circ}C$ conditions.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.150-154
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• 2010

The immunosuppressive activity of the Methanol extract of bark of Madhuca longifolia (Koenig) consisting of a mixture of saponins, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, phenol and glycosides was studied on the immune responses in mice. Methanol extract of Madhuca longifolia (MLL) was administered orally at doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg/day to healthy mice divided into four groups consisting of six animals each. The assessment of immunomodulatory activity was carried out by testing the humoral (antibody titre) and cellular (foot pad swelling) immune responses to the antigenic challenge by sheep RBCs. Furthermore, the effect on hematological parameters as well as relative organ weight was determined. On oral administration MML showed a significant decrease delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response whereas the humoral response to sheep RBCs was unaffected. Thus MLL significantly suppressed the cellular immunity by decreasing the footpad thickness response to sheep RBCs in sensitized mice. With a dose of 100 and 150 mg/kg/day the DTH response was $7.66{\pm}2.75$ and $6.41{\pm}1.21$ respectively in comparison to corresponding value of $14.50{\pm}2.38$ for untreated control group. These differences in DTH response were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The study demonstrates that MLL shows preferential suppression of the components of cell-mediated immunity and shows no effect on the humoral immunity.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2007

금붕어(Carassius auratus)를 사용하여 수온변화에 따른 스트레스 반응에 대한 기초자료를 얻고자, 수온상승과 하강에 따른 혈액 성상 및 생리적 반응을 조사하였다. 수온은 $15^{\circ}C$로부터 급격하게 하강시켜 1시간이내에 $10^{\circ}C$로 사육수를 조절하였으며, 이후 자연적으로 수온이 상승하도록 조절하였다. 12시간째에 수온은 $15^{\circ}C$로 회복되어 24시간째까지 유지하였다. 이러한 수온자극 스트레스를 3일 연속하여 주었다. 혈장 cortisol, glucose 및 lactic acid에서 72시간까지 대조구보다 스트레스 실험구에서 유의적으로 높은 값을 보였다. 혈장 $Na^+,\;Cl^-$ 및 aspartate aminotransferase (AST)는 두 그룹에서 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구결과 혈장 cortisol, glucose, lactic acid, hematocrit, red blood cell 및 hemoglobin에서 일반적인 스트레스 반응을 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.497-501
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted on crossbred male calves to study the effect of arsenic (As) on immunity status and certain hematological parameters. Ten crossbred male calves of 3-4 months of age were distributed into two equal groups. Group I was kept as control, whereas, group II was supplemented daily with 50 ppm As (as $As_sO_3$) up to 90 days, in the diet. Calves of both groups were fed as per ICAR standards and their requirements were fulfilled by feeding concentrate mixture and green oats. All calves were kept under similar managemental conditions. Blood samples were collected at fortnightly intervals to estimate various haematological parameters and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity. Serum Ig and serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) were also measured. Cell-mediated immune responses of the calves were monitored at 0, 45 and 90 of experimental feeding, through lymphocyte proliferation. No change in blood total leukocyte counts (TLC), differential leukocyte counts (DLC), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) and SGPT was observed with As supplementation. A decrease in SOD activity was noticed in group II calves. Stimulation index (SI) for lymphocyte proliferation decreased from 1.14 to 0.79 in group II calves during 90 days experimental feeding, whereas, there was no change in SI values in group I indicating significant decrease in immune response of As supplemented calves. Blood As concentration increased in group II calves with the decrease in immune response. Short term supplementation of As to growing calves suggested suppressive effects on cell-mediated immunity. However, long term experiments are required to demonstrate clearly the efects of this toxic metal in calves.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.2191-2194
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• 2014

Background: Fluorouracil-based regimens have been widely accepted and recommended in the guidelines for treating patients with early or advanced staged colon cancer, although results are controversial. Here we performed a systemic analysis to evaluate the impact of S-1 based regimens on response and survival of patients with colon cancer. Methods: Clinical studies evaluating the impact of S-1 based regimens on response and survival of patients with colon cancer were identified using a predefined search strategy. Summary response rates (RRs) to treatment were calculated. Results: Six clinical studies which including 227 patients with advanced colorectal cancer were considered eligible for inclusion. Two studies were conducted using combination of S-1 and Oxaliplatin, and four studies featured S-1 and irinotecan. Systemic analysis showed that, in all patients, pooled RRs was 43.17%. Major adverse effects were hematological toxicities, gastrointestinal disturbance, neurosensory toxicity. No treatment related death occurred. Conclusion: This systemic analysis suggests that S-1 based regimens, both with oxaliplatin or irinotean are associated with acceptable response and toxicity in patients with colon cancer.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2014

구리 ($CuSO_4$)는 양식현장에서 부착 및 병원생물 억제 용도로 광범위하게 사용되고 있으나, 구리의 독성은 그 물질의 농도뿐만 아니라 수온에 의해서도 영향을 받는다. 본 연구에서는 조피볼락, Sebastes schlegeli에서 수온변화 (18, 23 및 $28^{\circ}C$)에 따른 구리의 독성을 혈액 및 혈청학적 요소로 평가하였다. 4일 동안 구리 (100 및 $200{\mu}g/L$)에 노출 시킨 후, 조사한 적혈구 수와 hematocrit 수치는 $28^{\circ}C$에서 유의한 상승을 보였고, total protein 농도는 온도가 증가함에 따라 glucose 농도와 함께 증가하는 경향을 보였다 (P<0.05). 그러나, 혈청 Ca와 Mg은 수온변화와 무관하게, $200{\mu}g/L$ 구간에서 유의한 증가를 보였다. ALT와 LDH와 같은 혈청 효소농도도 구리를 처리한 구간에서만 유의한 상승을 보였다. 이 결과는 혈청 무기 성분과 효소활성이 구리 노출에 따른 민감한 지표가 될 수 있음을 시사한다. 구리 (100 및 $200{\mu}g/L$)에 노출된 조피볼락의 혈청 cortisol 수치는 농도 및 수온 증가에 따라 현저한 증가를 보였다. 즉, 이러한 변화는 수온 스트레스에 대한 초기 반응이 구리노출에 따라 지속되었음을 의미한다. 결론적으로, 구리에 단독으로 노출되었을 때보다 수온 상승이 동반되었을 때, 혈액 및 혈청 유기성분 및 cortisol의 변동이 더욱 가속된 것으로 보인다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion of propolis extraction residue in the feed of broilers from 1 to 21 d of age on phagocytic activity of macrophages, cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response to phytohemagglutinin, antibody production against Newcastle disease, lymphoid organ weight and hematological profile and to determine the optimal level of inclusion. 120 chicks, reared in metabolism cages until 21 days of age, were distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% of propolis residue) and six replications. The relative weight of thymus and monocyte percentage were affected by propolis residue, with a quadratic response (p<0.05) and lowest values estimated at 2.38% and 2.49%, respectively. Changes in relative weight of cloacal bursa and spleen, percentage of lymphocyte, heterophil, basophil, eosinophil, and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio, antibody production against Newcastle disease, phagocytic activity of macrophages and the average number of phagocytosed erythrocytes were not observed. The nitric oxide production with regard to positive control (macrophages+erythrocytes) decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increased doses of propolis residue. The remaining variables of nitric oxide production (negative control - macrophages, and difference between the controls) were not affected by propolis residue. The cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response to phytohemagglutinin as determined by the increase in interdigital skin thickness exhibited a quadratic response (p<0.05), which predicted a lower reaction response at a dose of 2.60% of propolis residue and highest reaction response after 43.05 hours of phytohemagglutinin injection. The inclusion of 1% to 4% of propolis extraction residue in broiler diets from 1 to 21 days of age was not able to improve the immune parameters, despite the modest changes in the relative weight in thymus, blood monocyte percentage, nitric oxide concentration, and interdigital reaction to phytohemagglutinin.