• 공업화학
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.153-163
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• 2020

액체 수소는 기체 수소 부피의 약 1/800로 감소시킬 수 있어 동일 압력에서 기체 수소 대비 800배의 체적 에너지 밀도를 가지고 있고, 기체 수소에 비해 폭발 위험성이 낮고 수송이 용이하다는 장점이 있다. 하지만 수소 액화를 위해서는 대규모 시설투자가 필요하고, 단순 압축 저장방식에 비해 많은 에너지가 필요함으로써 경제성 문제가 수반된다. 따라서 에너지 절감형 수소액화공정 연구는 매우 중요하다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 수소 액화를 위한 주요 공정으로 헬륨/네온(몰 비 80 : 20) 냉동사이클을 선정하고 화학공정모사기 AVEVA 사의 PRO/II ver. 10.2를 이용하여 공정모사 및 에너지 사용량을 도출하였다. 수소 액화를 위해 헬륨/네온 냉동사이클만을 사용하는 경우, SMR+헬륨/네온 냉동사이클을 사용하는 경우, C3-MR+헬륨/네온 냉동사이클을 사용하는 경우 에너지 사용량을 상호 비교하였다. 그 결과 수소 1 kg을 액화하는데 소요되는 압축기 총 소요 동력은 각각 16.3, 7.03, 6.64 kWh이었다. 헬륨/네온 냉동사이클만을 사용하는 것보다 상용화되어 있는 SMR 공정이나 C3-MR 공정을 사용하여 예냉하는 경우 에너지를 크게 절감할 수 있는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.30-34
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• 2016

An integral crank driven Stirling cryocooler is solidly based on concepts of direct IR detector mounting on the cryocooler's cold finger, and the integral construction of the cryocooler and Dewar envelope. Performance factors of the cryocooler depend on operating conditions of the cryocooler such as a cyclic mean pressure of the working fluid, a rotational speed of driving mechanism, a thermal environment, a targeted operation temperature and etc.. At given charging condition of helium gas, the cyclic mean pressure of helium gas in the cryocooler changes with temperatures of the cold end and the environment. In this study, effects of the cyclic mean pressure of helium gas on performances of the Stirling cryocooler were investigated by numerical analyses using the Sage software. The simulation model takes into account thermodynamic losses due to an inefficiency of regenerator, a pressure drop, a shuttle heat transfer and solid conductions. Simulations are performed for the performance variation according to the cyclic mean pressure induced by the temperature of the cold end and the environment. This paper presents P-V works in the compression and expansion space, cooling capacity, contribution of losses in the expansion space.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.8-12
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• 2009

We investigated the effects of the irradiation of light-ions on the superconducting $MgB_2$ thin films fabricated by using HPCVD. Deuterium and helium ions were irradiated on $MgB_2$ thin films by various doses, from $1{\times}10^{10}cm^{-2}\;to\;8{\times}10^{15}cm^{-2}$. During these experiments some reasonable results and unpredictable results have been obtained. The reasonable results are that the peak of the reduced maximum pinning force shifts by increasing the pinning sites in $MgB_2$ films and the slightly change of critical current density of films. We obtained some unusual results, which are the increasing of the transition temperature and the change of residual resistance ratio. Among the data of deuterium and helium ion irradiation experiments, the results of helium ion irradiation have most notable points so we will discuss mainly about helium irradiation experiments.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2003년도 제21회 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.238-241
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• 2003

터보펌프식 기체 공급계의 액체산소 탱크는 저압이 유지됨에 따라 탱크 내에서 추진제의 기화가 활발히 이루어지게 되며, 이러한 경향은 가압 기체의 온도가 높아짐에 따라 커지게 된다. 가압헬륨의 충진량을 결정하기 위해서는 이에 대한 정밀한 해석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 탱크내의 유동현상을 이상유동(two phase flow) 형태로 모델링 하여 탱크 내에서의 액체산소의 증발현상에 대하여 고찰하고 가압기체 온도 및 표면 열전달 계수에 따른 필요 헬륨 가스량을 예측한다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2009년도 제33회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.293-297
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• 2009

극저온 가압제를 사용하는 가압시스템에서 가압제의 공급을 차단하기 위하여 많이 사용되고 있는 밸브로는 공압구동밸브나 솔레노이드밸브, 파이로밸브 등이 있다. 공압구동밸브와 솔레노이드밸브는 파이로밸브에 비하여 구조가 복잡하고 무게가 무거운 단점이 있어, 본 연구에서는 극저온 및 고압에 적용이 가능하고 구조가 비교적 간단하고 무게가 가벼운 극저온 헬륨가스용 파이로밸브를 개발하여 내압 및 기밀시험과 진동시험, 극저온 공급시험을 수행하였다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.88.1-88.1
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• 2014

Helium mass in the envelope is one of the most important properties in progenitors of type Ib/c supernovae (SNe Ib/c), since SN Ib/c progenitors are distinguished by the presence of He I lines. However, previous progenitor models do not reproduce the required He mass limit($M_{He}$ < $0.14M_{\odot}$) suggested by a spectroscopic analysis of SN Ib/c. In this work, we investigated the effect of overshooting on the evolution of pure helium stars, focusing on the final He mass in the envelope, $M_{He,f}$. We used the MESA code to calculate single helium star models with the initial masses of $M_{init}=5{\sim}30M_{\odot}$, Z=0.02, 0.04 and overshooting parameters of $f_{ov}=0{\sim}0.4$. The final He mass $M_{He,f}$ decreases as $f_{ov}$ increases, due to larger burning core compared to weak overshooting models. Dependence of the final mass $M_{He,f}$ on overshooting is strongest for models with $M_{init}=7{\sim}10M_{\odot}$, and this effect originates from accelerated mass loss during transition between WNE and WC/O phase. However, $M_{He,f}$ exceeds $0.27M_{\odot}$ for all models, which still doesn't meet the criteria of $M_{He}$ < $0.14M_{\odot}$. This implies that mass loss during the post helium burning phase must be enhanced dramatically compared to what the standard models predict.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2000

This paper describes experimental investigations of helium-air exchange flow through openings with vertical partitions. Such exchange flows may occur following rupture accident of stand pipe in high temperature gas cooled reactor. Exchange flow rates are investigated experimentally by using partitioned opening and opening with extended partition to assess fluids interference of the exchange flow at the stand pipe rupture accident. A tests vessel with the two types of opening on top of test cylinder is used in the experiments. An estimation method of mass increment is developed and applied to measure the exchange flow rate. A technique of flow visualization by Mach-Zehnder interferometer is provided to recognize the exchange flows. Amplitude and progress of interference fringes of the flows are observed and used as a support in comparison with the exchange flow rates. Flow passages of upward flow of the helium and downward flow of the air for both two types of the opening are separated by inserted partition within the opening, but in the case of partitioned opening, unseparated flow is formed at the opening entrance and the two flows interface. The exchange flow rate for the partitioned opening is not greater than that of the opening with extended partition because of the fluids interference at the entrance of opening. Finally, the fluids interference at the opening entrance is found to be one of important factors on the helium-air exchange flow rate.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.6-9
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• 2013

Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) has a helium refrigeration system (HRS) with the cooling capacity of 9 kW at 4.5 K. Main cold components are composed of 300 tons of superconducting (SC) magnets, main cryostat thermal shields, and SC current feeder system. The HRS comprises six gas storage tanks, a liquid nitrogen tank, the room temperature compression sector, the cold box (C/B), the 1st stage helium distribution box (DB#1), the PLC base local control system interconnected to central control tower and so on. Between HRS and cold components, there's another distribution box (DB#2) nearby the KSTAR device. The entire KSTAR device was constructed in 2007 and has been operated since 2008. This paper will present the maintenance result of the KSTAR HRS during the campaign and discuss the operation record and maintenance history of the KSTAR HRS.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.372-380
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• 1997

This paper describes experimental investigations of helium-air exchange flows through parti¬tioned opening and two-opening. Such exchange flows may occur following rupture accident of stand pipe in high temperature gas cooled reactor. A test vessel with the two types of small open¬ing on top of test cylinder is used for experiments. An estimation method of mass increment is developed and applied to measure the exchange flow rate. A technique of flow visualization by Mach-Zehnder interferometer is provided to recognize the exchange flows. In the case of exchange flow through the partitioned opening, flow passages of upward flow of the helium and downward flow of the air within the opening are separated by vertical partition, and the two flows interact out of entrance and exit of the opening. Therefore, an experiment of the exchange flow through two-opening is made to investigate effect of the fluids interaction of the partitioned opening sys¬tem. As a result of comparison of the exchange flow rates between the two types of the opening system, it is found that the exchange flow rate of the two-opening system is larger than that of the partitioned opening system due to absence of the effect of fluids interaction. Finally, the fluids interaction between the upward and downward flows through the partitioned opening is found to be an important factor on the helium-air exchange flow.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.164-170
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• 2010

Thermodynamic consideration was performed for Alloy 617 exposed to an impure helium ($H_2$ 20pa, $H_2O$ 0.5pa, $CH_4$ 2pa and CO 5pa) at $950^{\circ}C$. Oxidation power was decreased in the order Al > Ti > Si > Cr > Mn. Decarburization and carburization reactions were available leading to carbon activity decrease and increase, respectively, depending on carbon and Cr activities. The thermodynamic prediction was compared with the experimental results obtained in similar conditions (($H_2$ 20pa, $H_2O$ 0.05pa, $CH_4$ 5pa and CO 2pa) and $950^{\circ}C$) by others for Alloy 617. The driving force for oxidation of Al, Ti and Si is very large to be oxidized at a given impure helium and the environment is actually carburizing towards the structural alloy, which is consistent with this work.