• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1996

The growth of total length(TL), total weight(TW) and somatic weight(SW) of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss alevin at yolk absorption period was expressed by the Gompertz growth model as $TLt=2.7e^{-1.24{\cdot}e^{-0.11t}}(r^{2}=0.66)$, $TWt=1.8e^{-2.03{\cdot}e^{-0.11t}}(r^{2}=0.66)$ and $SWt=1.8e^{-5.41{\cdot}e^{-0.13t}}(r^{2}=0.83)$ respectively. Yolk length, yolk height and yolk volume of rainbow trout decreased linearly. The relative growth of total weight-total length, somatic weight-total length, yolk length-total length, yolk height-total length, yolk volume-total length, yolk weight-total length, yolk weight-total weight, yolk weight-yolk height and yolk weight-yolk length at yolk absorption period revealed the pattern of yolk absorption in rainbow trout.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.45-45
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• 2017

On-site monitoring of vegetable growth parameters, such as leaf length, leaf area, and fresh weight, in an agricultural field can provide useful information for farmers to establish farm management strategies suitable for optimum production of vegetables. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are currently gaining a growing interest for agricultural applications. This study reports on validation testing of previously developed vegetable growth estimation models based on UAV-based RGB images for white radish and Chinese cabbage. Specific objective was to investigate the potential of the UAV-based RGB camera system for effectively quantifying temporal and spatial variability in the growth status of white radish and Chinese cabbage in a field. RGB images were acquired based on an automated flight mission with a multi-rotor UAV equipped with a low-cost RGB camera while automatically tracking on a predefined path. The acquired images were initially geo-located based on the log data of flight information saved into the UAV, and then mosaicked using a commerical image processing software. Otsu threshold-based crop coverage and DSM-based crop height were used as two predictor variables of the previously developed multiple linear regression models to estimate growth parameters of vegetables. The predictive capabilities of the UAV sensing system for estimating the growth parameters of the two vegetables were evaluated quantitatively by comparing to ground truth data. There were highly linear relationships between the actual and estimated leaf lengths, widths, and fresh weights, showing coefficients of determination up to 0.7. However, there were differences in slope between the ground truth and estimated values lower than 0.5, thereby requiring the use of a site-specific normalization method.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.172-179
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• 2010

Purpose: Accurate and exact measurement is an important factor for generating meaningful results in any properly designed study. If all the participating examiners are able to yield similar results, it will be possible to evaluate the objective results of the study more easily and quickly. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of histometric measurements in the intrabony periodontal defect model. Methods: One wall intrabony defects were surgically created at the distal aspect of the second and the medial aspect of the fourth mandibular premolars in the right and left jaw quadrants in twenty beagle dogs and the defect sites received the following ${\beta}$-tri calcium phosphate, growth differentiation factor-0, growth differentiation factor-100 and sham surgery. Histometric analysis was performed after 8 weeks. Histometric parameters were recorded and repeated at three months interval by three examiners. Intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility was assessed. Results: Most parameters of all the groups showed high intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility. Parameters including defect height, bone regeneration height, cementum regeneration height, and formation of junctional epithelium yielded interexaminer correlation ${\geq}0.9$. The intra-examiner reproducibility showed a high result, over 0.9. Conclusions: Histometric evaluation of the one-wall intra-alveolar periodontal defect model showed high reproducibility not only for a single given examiner but also among the three examiners.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2023

Growth modeling in plant factories can not only control stable production and yield, but also control environmental conditions by considering the relationship between environmental factors and plant growth rate. In this study, using the expolinear function, we modeled perilla [Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.] cultivated in a plant factory. Perilla growth was investigated 12 times until flower bud differentiation occurred after planting under light intensity, photoperiod, and the ratio of mixed light conditions of 130 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, 12/12 h, red:green:blue (7:1:2), respectively. Additionally, modeling was performed to predict dry and fresh weights using the expolinear function. Fresh and dry weights were strongly positively correlated (r = 0.996). Except for dry weight, fresh weight showed a high positive correlation with leaf area, followed by plant height, number of leaves, number of nodes, leaf length, and leaf width. When the number of days after transplanting, leaf area, and plant height were used as independent variables for growth prediction, leaf area was found to be an appropriate independent variable for growth prediction. However, additional destructive or non-destructive methods for predicting growth should be considered. In this study, we created a growth model formula to predict perilla growth in plant factories.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.420-428
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• 2016

For more than 50 years, satellite images have been used to monitor crop growth. Currently, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery is being assessed for analyzing within field spatial variability for agricultural precision management, because UAV imagery may be acquired quickly during critical periods of rapid crop growth. This study refers to the derivation of growth estimating equation for highland Kimchi cabbage using UAV derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and agro-meteorological factors. Anbandeok area in Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Korea is one of main districts producing highland Kimchi cabbage. UAV imagery was taken in the Anbandeok ten times from early June to early September. Meanwhile, three plant growth parameters, plant height (P.H.), leaf length (L.L.) and outer leaf number (L.N.), were measured for about 40 plants (ten plants per plot) for each ground survey. Six agro-meteorological factors include average temperature; maximum temperature; minimum temperature; accumulated temperature; rainfall and irradiation during growth period. The multiple linear regression models were suggested by using stepwise regression in the extraction of independent variables. As a result, $NDVI_{UAV}$ and rainfall in the model explain 93% of the P.H. and L.L. with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.22, 1.90 cm. And $NDVI_{UAV}$ and accumulated temperature in the model explain 86% of the L.N. with a RMSE of 4.29. These lead to the result that the characteristics of variations in highland Kimchi cabbage growth according to $NDVI_{UAV}$ and other agro-meteorological factors were well reflected in the model.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.454-458
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• 1999

Hydrodynamic Thermal Capilary Model developed previously has been modified to study the transport phenomena in the Czochralski process. Our analysis is focused on the heat transfer in the system, convection in the melt phase, and the meniscus and interface shape. Four major forces drive melt flow in the crucible, which include thermal buoyancy force in the melt, thermocapillary force along the curved meniscus, crucible rotation and crystal rotation. Individual flow mechanism due to each driving force has been examined to determine its interaction with the meniscus and interface shape. A nominal 4-inch-diameter silicon crystal growth process is chosen as a subject for analysis. Heater temperature profile for constant diameter crystal is also present as a function of crystal height or fraction solidified.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 1996

The effects of simulated acid rain on the growth and interspecific competition of Echinochloa crus-galli and Digitaria sanguinalis were studied. Changes of growth in height and dry weight were examined and competition between the two species was investigated using the experimental model proposed by de Wit (1960). The experiments were carried out in the greenhouse, and test plants were germinated and grown for 4 weeks and then sprayed with simulated acid rain of pH 5.6, 4.2 and 2.8 for another 8 weeks. In de Wit replacement experiments, the variation of density and the treatment of simulated acid rain showed little effect on the interspecific competition between E. Crus-galli and D.sanguinalis. The ratio diagram, another method to reveal the interrelations between two competing species, always showed the predominance of E. crus-galli in competition, regardless of density and pH. The interspecific competition of the two species, represented by relative yield total (RYT), revealed that intraspecific competition was stronger than interspecific competition in both species.The treatment of simulated acid rain showed little effect on the growth of E. Crus-galli and D. sanguinalis. Height growth of both species did not differ from that of control (pH 5.6), but root/shoot ratio increased with the decrease in pH of simulated acid rain. Growth of tatal dry weight of E. crus-galli and D. sanguinalis was not influenced by the change of pH, except that D.sanguinalis showed a decrease in the total dry weight at pH 2.8 along with a visible sign of white spots on leaves. Physical environmental conditions can exert an effect on the interrelationships between the two species, but this experiment did not show the reversion of competition, and showed that E.crus-gilli was competitively dominant under any environmental conditions given in this study.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.547-553
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• 2015

BACKGROUNDS/OBJECTIVES: The effects of malnutrition on growth of toddlers and preschoolers by socioeconomic status are not well known. This study aimed to examine the effects of dietary intake on growth outcomes in toddlers and preschoolers by household income level. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study population was a total of 1,687 children aged 1 to 5 years that participated in the KNHANES from 2009 to 2011. Growth of children was assessed by height for age (HFA) and weight for height (WFH). Children were classified into three groups according to children's HFA and WFH compared to the $10^{th}$ and $90^{th}$ percentiles of the 2007 Korean Children and Adolescent Growth Standard. Average monthly household income was divided into quartile groups. Dietary intake data were obtained by using the one day 24-hr recall method. Risks of inadequate intake of nutrients and unfavorable growth were estimated by using a multiple logistic regression model adjusted for sex, age, region, and energy intake. RESULTS: The low HFA group (<$10^{th}$ percentile) had significantly lower intakes of energy, carbohydrate, and thiamin as compared with the high group (${\geq}90^{th}$ percentile). For WFH status, vitamin C intake was lower in the low group than in the high group. Household income level was related to WFH status but not HFA. Children from lower income households were more likely to have high WFH than those from higher income households (P for trend = 0.038). Household income status was also significantly related with risk of inadequate intake of micronutrients such as thiamin (P for trend = 0.032) and vitamin C (P for trend = 0.002), showing higher odds of inadequate intakes in children from lower income households. CONCLUSIONS: Children from lower income households were prone to be overweight and to have inadequate intakes of micronutrients such as thiamin and vitamin C. To reduce nutritional and health disparities, collective action in the public sector is required from early life.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.3
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• pp.331-337
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• 2001

This study was performed to develope stem analysis program(Stemwin1.0) which can be used in PC with MS-Windows operating system. Stemwin1.0 uses width of annual tree ring measured with 1/100mm unit, and calculate increments of several growth factors such as DBH, height and volume with various methods. Mean DBH can be calculated by arithmetic and quadratic mean methods. Height can be estimated by parallel line, line extending and height curve methods. Volume can be estimated by Huber, Smalian, and Spline functions. Not only Total growth, Mean Annual Increment(MAI) and Current Annual Increment(CAI) of growth factors, but also merchantable volume and height, form factor, growth rate, and merchantable volume rate are automatically calculated. Stemwin1.0 can also output accurate stem taper curve with various scale, and prepare stem taper data(diameter at different disk heights) for statistical analysis for deriving stem taper model. Stemwin1.0 can export output data and graph to Excel for more compatible use of it.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.4
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• pp.592-599
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• 2019

This study aimed to develop an equation for estimating stem volume for Larix kaempferiin South Korea using independent variables, diameter at breast height (DBH), and height as being closely associated with stem volume. Analysis was conducted on the growth performance of 2,840 Larix kaempferi samples across South Korea after felling them and gleaning diameter data according to both stem height and stem analyses. In order to test the fitness of six different stem taper equations, empirical assessment was conducted for fitness index (FI), bias, mean, and absolute deviation (MAD), and coefficient variation (%CV). The two selectedmodels found to be optimal were the following: model one (V=a+bDBH²), established by employing DBH only; and model four (V=a+bDBH²H), established by utilizing DBH and height, respectively. The findings of non-linear regression indicated statistical significance (p < 0.05) in a and b, which were the coefficients for the intercepts and slopes of the models. The FI of the models ranged between 94% and 99%, and the bias was close to zero, while MAD ranged from 0.01 to 0.05, and %CV from 5.97 to 14.43, indicating a high level of fitness. Thus, using the suggested models, the basic information necessary for forest management was obtained, and an estimation of the stem volume was effected without delay soon after effecting DBH and height measurements.