• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2008

Purpose : The aim of this study was to predict radiation dose at 1 meter with BMI(body mass index) in thyroid cancer patients treated with radio-iodine and provide the efficient guideline in the management of patients. Methods : 140 patients from thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer were enrolled. All subjects under went 150 mCi radio-iodine therapy and performed whole body scan 1 week later. BMI(weight divided by square of height) was calculated to evaluate the amount of fatty tissue indirectly. The radiation dose at 1 meter was measured initially and on 2nd days. the relation of values with BMI were analyzed statically. As for the method of statistical analysis, using Med calc Version 9,2,2,0 Program. Results : (1) The initial effective dose was inversely correlated with the BMI. Significance level was 0.0004. (2) We obtained the following formula from the data of initial effective dose and BMI: Y = -30.91X + 350.4(${\mu}Sv/h$)(Y: initial radiation dose, x: Group). (3) After 21.55 hours, than radiation dose was less than those recommended by ICRP or NRC in 53% of the population. Conclusion : Using BMI, the initial radiation dose and 2nd days dose can be predicted in thyroid cancer patients before radio-iodine therapy. It may be used for predicting the time of discharge and control the isolation room. We were able to predict the radiation exposure after discharge using this calculated value.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.51-63
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• 2002

This study sought to identify the kinematic characteristics at entrance to the straight course from the curvilinear course in the 200m-track game. For this purpose, this study was conducted for 4 sprinters by setting the 10m-section combined from the curvilenear track to the straight course and shooting them with the camcorder. It was set up to include all the sections of analysis by using the framework of the control point knowing the coordinate of the space and actual analysis was conducted on the motion showing the best records by conducting it for each subject five times. As a result, the following conclusion was drawn: It was found that the subjects showed the average stride of 4.5${\pm}$0.41 times at the 10-meter section and the required time of 1.42${\pm}$0.04sec. They showed the ratio average stride to height of 1.25${\pm}$0.20% and the average speed of 7.06${\pm}$0.19m/s. The displacement in the center of gravity of the human body at the section combined from the curvilinear course to the straight course was moving along the inward course of the curvilinear course, and the displacement of the leg located at the outward direction(right) was found to be larger than that of the leg located at the inward direction(left). In the speed of the left and right hand segments, it was found that the speed of the right hand located in the outward direction was faster than that of the left hand located at the inward, and it was found that the subjects progressed in the curvilinear course. The subjects showed the larger angle of the shoulder joint when the upper arm was located in the forward direction than when the it was located in the backward direction. In the curvilinear course, they showed the lower value of the lateral angle of the trunk when the right foot located at the outward direction left the ground than when the left foot located at the inward direction left the ground. And it was found that the lateral angle of the trunk became lower with approaching the straight course.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.295-303
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• 1999

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the possibility of using basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag as a soil conditioner in rice paddy field. In 1997, rice (Oryza sativa B. cv. Dongjinbyeo) crop was cultivated under different application rates of BOF slag at three different places, Inandong Sunchon city, Youjunglee Bosung province, and Nampyung Najoo city. In each paddy field, five treatments, four application rate of BOF slag (0, 4, 8, $12Mg\;ha^{-1}$) and one application rate of lime ($2Mg\;ha^{-1}$) were tried with three replications. Plant height, number of tillers per hill, leaf area per hill, leaf dry weight, calm dry weight or shoot dry weight per hill were measured five times at the interval of seven days. Chemical contents of rice plants and soil were also measured at the same sampling date Yield were estimated by harvesting $6.6m^2$ per experimental unit and yield components were measured by sampling 10 plants per experimental unit at the harvest date. Application of BOF slag hardly affected contents of soil organic matter, available phosphate and potassium in soil. Soil pH and contents of Ca, Mg, Fe and $SiO_2$ enhanced as BOF slag rate increased. Enhancement of soil pH by ROF slag treatment appeared to be closely related with increase in soil Ca content. Application tate of $2Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of lime showed almost the same effect, in increase of soil Ca content as application rate of $4{\sim}8Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of BOF slag, Fe content in soil decreased sharply as time passed after slag treatment and stabilized more or less at the later sampling date. Contents of inorganic matter in plant such as total nitrogen, phosphate, potassium and Mg were not affected by BOF slag treatment. However, contents of Ca, Fe, and $SiO_2$ in plants increased as slag rate became higher. The growth of rice plants with BOF slag treatment was more or less slower but continued persistently up to the later growth stage, so that growth of plants with BOF slag treatment was almost the same nr even greater than that of control or lime treatment. However, BOF slag rate of $12Mg\;ha^{-1}$ seemed to be too high because all the measurements of plant, growth at this rate showed lower values than those of other treatments at all the sampling dates. Treatments of BOF slag $4Mg\;ha^{-1}$ or $8Mg\;ha^{-1}$ showed higher rough rice yield than other treatments, so that the optimum BOF slag ratein rice paddy field seemed to be in the rage of $4{\sim}8Mg\;ha^{-1}$.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.48 no.8
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• pp.615-620
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• 2010

Purpose: The short dental implant is considered as possible solution in the alveolar bone height deficient cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical availability of short implants by measuring the marginal bone loss of short length implants and comparing with that of conventional length implants. Materials and Methods: The groups were composed of patients who had received at least one implant. The samples of this study were selected from patients who with functional loading after prosthetic treatment for 1 year follow up period. The implants with a length of 5.7 mm and 6mm were considered short. (Bicon Dental implants, USA). The experiment group was composed of $4.5{\times}6mm$, $5{\times}6mm$, $6{\times}5.7mm$ implants (total 18 implants were placed in 14 patients, 8 on maxilla, 10 on mandible). The control group was composed of $4.5{\times}8mm$, $5{\times}8mm$, $4.5{\times}11mm$, $5{\times}11mm$. All implants were selected only by implants placed on molar area. We evaluated marginal bone loss in radiographic images at baseline (implant loading) and 3, 6, 12 months after loading. Additionally, crown-to-implant ratio was evaluated, and marginal bone loss according to crown-to-implant ratio after functional loading was analyzed. Results: The short implant group had a mean marginal bone level of $-0.52{\pm}0.69mm$; the 8mm group, $-0.22{\pm}0.82mm$; and the II mm group, $-0.10{\pm}1.09mm$ after I year of functional loading. But significant differences were not detected between three groups at every follow-up period. Crown-to-implant ratio in short implant group was $1.55{\pm}0.23$; 8mm group was $1.15{\pm}0.18$; and 11mm group was $0.92{\pm}0.15$. Additionally, significant differences between three groups were founded. (P<.0001) The greatest marginal bone loss after 1 year follow-up was founded at crown-to-implant ratio 1~1.49 range in short implant. Conclusion: The marginal bone loss of short implants was comparable to that of long implants. So, the short implants can be a clinically acceptable option.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.130-135
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• 1997

Tomatoes are flooded differently 0, 5, 10 and 15cm, according to the developing stages such as flowering stage under the condition of greenhouse. Along with this, they are treated according to the time condition such as 6, 12, 24, 48 and 120 hours. The results obtained are summarized as follows. Plant height decreased in the depth of $0{\sim}10cm$ for over 48 hours, in the depth of 15cm for over 24 hours. Number of leaves was the same as in control, and it decreased over. Number of flowers and fruit setting of individuals decreased conspicuously according as the depth and the hours got greater and longer. Adventitious root occurred remarkably in the depth of $0{\sim}10cm$, for over 24 hours and in the depth of 15cm, 12 hours. Epinastic curvature increased greatly as the depth and the hours got greater and longer. Diffusion resistance of stomata cell increased as the depth and the hours got greater and longer. Diseases occurred conspicuously as the hours of flooding got longer rather than as the depth greater. The preventing of diseases caused by insecticide was observed, but it was not greater than in the seedling and transplanting stage. Fertilization was effective in the case of increasing the weight of shoot. Number of fruits per plant did not decrease in the depth of 0cm up to 24 hours, but decreased on the deeper level of flooding and increased as the hours got longer. Moreover with the exception of 120 hours per respective depth of the treatment, average weight of a fruit got greater as the depth and the hours got greater and longer. In the case of epinastic curvature and diffusion resistance, there was negative correlation between all the other investigated characters and positive correlation between weight of a fruits and average weight of a fruit.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.475-481
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• 2006

Purpose : As the prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus have become problems. High homocysteine levels and low vitamin $B_{12}$ supplementation are acknowledged to have a role in coronary artery disease, but there are few studies on homocysteine, insulin and vitamin $B_{12}$ levels in obese children. We aimed to study whether homocysteine, insulin, vitamin $B_{12}$, folic acid levels could have any difference and relation in obese children. Methods : The disease group consisted of 27 children from 8 to 11 years old, whose obesity index was over 130. The control group consisted of 30 healthy children of the same age group. Obesity index and body mass index were calculated by height and body weight of the children, and their systolic and diastolic blood pressures at resting state were checked. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, homocysteine, insulin, vitamin $B_{12}$, folic acid levels were studied after 10 hours of fasting. Intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid, protein, mineral, muscle mass, lean body fat, fat mass and fat percentages were checked by bioelectrical impedance. Results : Homocysteine levels were higher in obese children($8.1{\pm}2.1{\mu}mol/mL$ vs. $4.9{\pm}1.0{\mu}mol/mL$). Insulin levels were also higher in obese children($26.8{\pm}11.2{\mu}IU/mL$ vs. $12.5{\pm}5.24{\mu}IUl/mL$). Vitamin $B_{12}$ was lower in obese children($798.6{\pm}174.3pg/mL$ vs. $967.8{\pm}405.0pg/mL$). But there was not a difference in the folic acid levels between the two groups. In obese children, systolic blood pressure (r=0.535), triglyceride(r=0.517), total cholesterol(r=0.408), folic acid(r=0.408), vitamin $B_{12}$(r=0.338) and abdomoanl fat %(r=0.306) had a positive correlation. Conclusion : We found definite differences of insulin, homocysteine, and vitamin $B_{12}$ plasma levels in obese children, but we need more study to use those parameters as risk factors of metabolic syndrome in pediatric obese patients.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.145-156
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• 1996

The effects of priming with different polyethylene glycol (PEG 6, 000) solutions on the germination, emergence characteristics and early plant growth in rice, barley and wheat were investigated. Rice, barley and wheat seeds were subjected to various priming conditions of osmotic potentials (-0. 75, -1.00 and -1.50 MPa) of PEG, and incubation period were 5 days at 25, 20, 2$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. The percentage of water absorption was highest in barely, and lowest in rice, and all the treatments enhanced water absorption in barley, but showed no significant effects in rice and wheat. Respiration quotient was lower than none PEG treatment seeds, and those of barley and wheat were higher than rice regardless of PEG concentration, and that of rice increased with high PEG concentration. Total germination percentage of osmoconditioning seeds with PEG was higher than that of none treatment seed, and those of barley and wheat were significant. The artificially deteriorated seeds with PEG treatment seeds after ageing treatment could recover to nearly the same germination level as that of the control seeds. The effects of coating polymer were higher than osmoconditioning with PEG, and germination characteristics in rice showed varietal difference at PVP and waterlock at recoated seeds after PEG treatment. Osmoconditioning with PEG reduced mean germination and emergence time, but there was no difference among PEG concentrations. The plant height of PEG treaed seed in rice was taller and those of barely and wheat showed varietal difference, and those of polymer-coated seed after PEG treatment were different among the polymers. The dry weight of PEG treatment were different among the crops, and those were increased with the high PEG concentration. The emergence percentage of PEG-treated seed were higher than none-treated seed, and those were decreased with the increased PEG concentration, and the highest emergence percentage of rice, barley and wheat were 90, 50 and 50% soil moisture content, respectively. The time to emergence in rice was longer than barley and wheat, and those in rice was shortened in high soil moisture content, and barley and wheat were shortened in low soil moisture content.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.420-428
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the response of growth and yield of rice under five different cultural methods, machine transplanting(MTNT), puddled drill seeding (PDSNT), drill seeding on soil surface (DSNT) , broadcasting on soil surface (BSNT) under no-tillage paddy condition and conventional machine transplanting(MTT) in Jeonbuk series(siltyloam soil) from 1993 to 1995. Soil hardness was higher in no-tillage soil and increased with highly difference between tillaged and no-tillage soil with deeper soil depth. Bulk density was heavier in no-tillage soil and porosity was higher in tilled soil than that of the control. The rate of effective tiller was higher in MTT, following MTNT, PDSNT, DSNT and BSNT. Weed occurrence was more serious in no-tillage soil, than that of tillaged soil. The rate of lower internode length was lower in DSNT and BSNT and was similar with MTT in PDSNT and MTNT. Height of center gravity in terms of lodging tolerance was lower in direct seeding than in machine transplanting. Depth of buried culm was shorter in no-tillage soil, especially in DSNT and BSNT. Total amount of root was higher in MTT, following MTNT, PDSNT, BSNT and BSNT and the distribution rate of root in shallower soil layer was higher in no-tillage soil, especially in BSNT and DSNT. Field lodging occured highly in BSNT, following DSNA, PDSNT and MTNT with high lodging scale in DSNT and BSNT. Panicle number per unit land square meter was the highest in MTT and the least in BSNT. Ripened grain ratio was low in BSNT and DSNT due to heavy lodging. Yield of milled rice was 93% in PDSNT, 87% in DSNT, 81% in BSNT and 96% in MTNT, compared with 534kg /10a in MTT.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.113-123
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• 2020

Global climatic change and increasing climatic instability threaten crop productivity. Due to climatic change, drought stress is occurring more frequently in crop fields. In this study, we investigated the effect of treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) before leaf development on the growth and yield of sorghum for minimizing the damage of crops to drought. To assess the effect of H₂O₂ on the growth of sorghum plant, 10 mM H₂O₂ was used to treat sorghum leaves at the 3-leaf stage during growth in field conditions. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, and leaf width were increased by 7.6%, 9.6%, 8.3% and 11.5%, respectively. SPAD value, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate were increased by 3.0%, 4.9%, 26.0%, 23.4% and 12.7%, respectively. The amount of H₂O₂ in the leaf tissue of sorghum plant treated with 10 mM H₂O₂ was 0.7% of the applied amount after 1 hour. The level increased to approximately 1.0% after 6 hours. The highest antioxidant activity measured by the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity assay was 847.3 µmol·g^-1 at 6 hour after treatment. However, in the well-watered condition, the concentration of H₂O₂ in the plant treated by the foliar application of H₂O₂ was 227.8 µmol·g^-1 higher than that of the untreated control. H₂O₂ treatment improved all the yield components and yield-related factors. Panicle length, plant dry weight, panicle weight, seed weight per plant, seed weight per unit area, and thousand seed weight were increased by 8.8%, 18.0%, 24.4%, 24.7%, 29.9% and 7.1%, respectively. Proteomic analysis showed that H₂O₂ treatment in sorghum increased the tolerance to drought stress and maintained growth and yield by ameliorating oxidative stress.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.325-332
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• 1999

A manure management plan is important for all dairy operations. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different nitrogen(N) application rates of liquid cattle manure on the forage quality, N recovery, and total forage yields of corn-oats cropping system and soil properties at the National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suweon in 1997. Eight treatments consisting of no fertilizer, chemical fertilizer $320kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ as urea, the continuous applications of 320, 640 and $960kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ as liquid cattle manure(LCM), the residual effects of 200, 400 and $600kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ as liquid cattle manure were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Mean plant height of fall sown oats was 70 and 61cm at the continuous application and the residual effect plots, respectively. Mean dry matter percent of fall sown oats at the residual effect plots was higher by 0.9% than that of oats at the continuous application plots, but there were no differences among all treatments. Mean crude protein(CP), acid detergent fiber(ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents of fall sown oats at the continuous application plots were higher by 1.0, 1.6, and 3.1%, respectively, than those of the residual effect plots. Also, there were significant differences among treatments (P<0.05). Total forage dry matter yields of corn and oats cropping system were ranged from 11,365 to $25,668kg\;ha^{-1}$ among the treatments. The yield was orderly ranked as LCM $960kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ > LCM $600kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ > LCM $640kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ > LCM $400kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ (P<0.05). Compared with the control, manurial value(MV) was 158 and 139% for the plot of the LCM $960kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ and that of the LCM $600kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. N recovery percent of fall sown oats was the highest at the plot of the LCM $200kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ by 50%, and then was higher in order of the LCM $400kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, LCM $600kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, and LCM $320kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$. Contents of exchangeable cation in the soil of the residual effect plots was higher than that of the continuous application plots. These results suggest that the LCM $600kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$ may be the most effective in total forage dry matter yields, manurial value, N recovery, and utilizing liquid manure N under the corn and oats double cropping system.