• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 2016

This study aims to analyze the accuracy for feasibility study of Network-RTK(VRS) surveying inside and outside of Korean CORS network. The southwest coast of Korea where some part of mainland and islands are outside of CORS network is chosen as the test area. To evaluate the accuracy of VRS surveying at surveying points, several Unified Control Points (UCPs) inside and outside of Korean CORS network were selected as the points in the test area. The feasibility of VRS surveying was analyzed by investigating the errors related to the location of points inside and outside of CORS network and the difference of 3-dimensional coordinates observed on different date. As the results of this study, the orthometric height errors of points outside of CORS network based on KNGeoid14 were improved about 5.0 cm in RMSE in comparison with KNGeoid13. The height errors of VRS surveying were considered to be less relevant to the results from PDOP and number of satellites (GPS and GLONASS). However, the orthometric errors caused by the geoidal height of KNGeoid and the ellipsoidal height of VRS surveying at points located outside of CORS network need to be addressed carefully for control surveying. When a point surveyed twice on different date, the difference of the ellipsoidal height of the point outside of CORS network was larger than that of the point inside of CORS network.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1-17
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• 2023

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare how the shoulder height and respiratory function are affected by applying shoulder stabilization exercises and core stabilization exercises that are effective for strengthening the trunk muscles and postural stability for adults with a round shoulder posture (RSP). METHODS: The participants were 28 young adults with RSP. They were assigned randomly to two groups: shoulder stabilization exercise and core stabilization exercise. They performed the exercises for 30 minutes twice a week for four weeks. They measured the shoulder height and respiratory function before and after exercise. RESULTS: No significant difference in shoulder height was found between the groups. A significant decrease in shoulder height was found in the shoulder stabilization exercise group after exercise. The core stabilization exercise group showed a significant decrease after exercise. In respiratory function, no significant difference was found between the groups. The forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) were increased significantly in the shoulder stabilization exercise group before and after exercise. The FEV₁, FEV₁/FVC, and peak expiratory flow were significantly higher in the shoulder stabilization exercise group after exercise than in the core stabilization exercise group. CONCLUSION: Shoulder stabilization exercise and core stabilization exercise improved the postural alignment and pulmonary function, and the exercises could be helpful in shoulder rehabilitation as well as the clinical part of the treatment of rounded shoulder posture.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.215-220
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• 2005

When the fuel jet velocity is smaller than coflow velocity, the trend of decreasing liftoff height of highly diluted propane lifted flame with coflow velocity is observed experimentally. To investigate the mechanism of decreasing liftoff height with coflow velocity, lifted flames in propane jet has been studied numerically. Using one-step overall reaction mechanism the liftoff heights have been calculated for four cases of coflow velocity. The simulation agrees qualitatively with experimental observation that the liftoff height decreases with coflow velocity. As coflow velocity increases, the streamlines between nozzle and lifted flame diverge in radial direction due to the difference of momentum between coflow jet and fuel jet such that the local flow velocity ahead of lifted flame base decreases resulting in decrease of the liftoff height with coflow velocity.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.676-679
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• 2006

Mangrove crowns were delineated using active sensor LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) data by a crown delineating model developed in this study. LIDAR data were acquired from airborne survey by a helicopter for the estuary of Macouria in the northeast coast of French Guiana. The canopy height image was derived from LIDAR vector data by calculating the difference between ground and non-ground data. The mangrove site in the study area was classified to three sectors by the time of mangrove settlement; Mangrove 1986, 2002 and 2003. The estimated crown of Mangrove 1986 was reliable defined for their size, number and volume because of larger crown size and bigger variation of crown height. The tree crown size of Mangrove 2002 and 2003 by the model was overestimated and the number of trees was much underestimated. The estimated crown was not for single crown but a crown group due to homogenous crown height and spatial resolution of LIDAR data. However the canopy height image derived from LIDAR data provided three-dimensional information of mangroves.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2002

Purpose: To compare the bone height of implant sites measured using panoramic radiography and spiral CT. Materials and Methods : The available bone height was determined for 263 maxillary and mandibular implant sites in 59 patients. Distortion was calculated using the metal bar for the panoramic radiographs. Results: Significant differences in mean bone height between the two imaging modalities were found in maxillary and mandibular anterior regions (p<0.05). The mean difference in bone height recorded by the two techniques was smallest in the maxillary and mandibular molar areas (0.8 mm), and greatest in the mandibular anterior region (1.3 mm). With the exception of the mandibular anterior region, ninety percent of all the sites showed measurement differences within 2 mm. Conclusion: A safety margin of 2 to 3 mm is called for when utilizing panoramic radiography, otherwise additional imaging modality such as computed tomography is necessary to obtain accurate measurements.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.46-53
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• 2002

Push-pull strength has been found to be associated with various work factors such as height, distance, repetition, duration, posture and individual factors. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the effect of various work factors on push-pull strength and muscle recruitment pattern. Work factors were consisted of grip height(elbow, shoulder), grip distance(100%, 50%, and 25% of maximum grip distance) and shoulder angle(neutral($90^{\cire}$), and abduction($45^{\cire}$, $0^{\cire}$)) during sitting work. The results showed that the normalized strength and EMG value were higher at the elbow height than the shoulder height, and increased with grip distance and shoulder adduction. The results of ANOVA showed that there was significant difference on muscle recruitment patterns among the task conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to consider work factors as well as strength to prevent workers from work-related injuries.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.639-645
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• 1998

A Jump model was evaluated for the calculation of hourly mixing height and mean potential temperature within the height. The Sump model was modified for estimation of downward heat fluxes by mechanical convections and surface heat fluxes. The surface heat fluxes were estimated from routine weather data such as solar radiation and air temperature. Total of 8 upper-air data observed at 0000UTC and 0600UTC in Osan station during April 23 to 26, 1996 were analyzed, and compared to the model results in detail. The calculated mixing heights and potential temperatures within the height were comparable to the observations, but some differences were showed. The calculated mixing heights were generally higher than observations. And, when variations of wind directions were large, the large difference of potential temperature was occurred. From the results, it was important to note that vortical motions and advections of air masses would affect to the growth of the mixing height.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2001

Heights of children ranged from 91.10 to 144.70 and the mean height rate after the administration of Boyangsungjangtang was significantly greater than that, 0.036, of prepuberty children who are in 50 percentile(One sampled T test, p<0.001). A highly significant difference was observed among three groups, divided according to the duration of taking Boyangsungjangtang(ANOVA, p=0.015). Further analysis(Tukey's Multiple Range test) indicated that the mean height rate of the group taking Boyangsungjangtang for under 3 months was significantly higher than that of both group for 3 to 6 months and group for over 6 months. The mean height rate of the latter two groups were not significantly different.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.91-108
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• 1999

In our previous work using a motion analyzer and 3-dimensional sonic digitizer, the arm shapes for 23 women in their early twenties were classified into three characteristic types. In order to design sleeves, suitable for arm movements for the three characteristic arm shapes, a relationship between arm length variation and shoulder/elbow angles has been investigated for four cases of arm movements (flexion, extension, adduction and abduction). Each arm movement can be characterized by the changes in shoulder angle and the changes in elbow angle at the maximal shoulder angle. In all the four cases of arm movements, the changes of shoulder length and cap height are largest at the maximal shoulder angle. These changes were little affected by changes in elbow angle. The changes in the lower arm length and the difference between cap height and upper arm length are the largest at the maximal elbow angle of the maximal shoulder angle. There is a linear relationship between cap height and shoulder angle during arm movements; thus, in designing sleeves the cap height can be determined from the regression of cap height vs. shoulder angle.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.515-528
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to classify appearance management attitudes into groups and analyze the difference of self-efficacy and body satisfaction by the groups. Questionnaires were administered to 255 college students living in Deagu Metropolitan City and Kyungbook province. The data collected were analyzed by using frequency, factor analysis, cluster analysis, correlation analysis, ANOVA, Duncan-test, t-test, and ${\chi}^2$-test. The findings were as follows. Appearance management attitudes of college students were classified into three groups such as group health body, low body interest group, emphasizes collective body. The appearance management attitudes showed significant correlation with the sub-variables of self-efficacy and body satisfaction. Male students showed no significant difference in self-efficacy by the groups while female students showed a significant one in task performance which was a sub-variable of self-efficacy. Both of the male and female students showed a significance of difference in the gap between actual and ideal weight which was a sub-variable of body satisfaction by the groups. Gender of college students showed distinction between the sub-variables of self-efficacy factors such as task performance, and anxiety and body satisfaction such as BMI, the difference between current height and ideal height, the difference between current weight and ideal weight.