• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.33-40
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• 2007

Crashworthiness design is of special interest in automotive industry and in the transportation safety field to ensure the vehicle structural integrity and more importantly the occupant safety in the event of the crash. Front side assembly is one of the most important energy absorbing components in relating to the crashworthiness design of vehicle. The structure and shape of the front side assemblies are different depending on auto-makers and size of vehicles. Thus, it is not easy to grab an insight on designer's intention when you glance at a new front side member without experiences. In this paper, we have performed the explicit nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis on the front side assembly of passenger cars to identify the mechanical roles of major parts in relation to collapse modes from the viewpoint of reverse engineering. To do this, we have performed crash FE analysis for the two different assemblies of small car and heavy passenger car and have compared dynamic behaviors of the two.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.52-61
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• 2015

PCE(Passenger Car Equivalents) is used to analysis of road capacity and LOS(Level of Service). In this study calculates PCE by number of lane and 12 vehicle type by MOLIT(Minister of Land, Infra Structure and Transport) using individual vehicle data. The results of the calculation, PCEs are increased when high vehicle classification level, many number of lanes and weekend. Heavy vehicle factors are smaller than KHCM on 4, 6 lane. Also, In this study estimates of PCE variation model by heavy vehicle percentage. Impact of Heavy vehicles on PCEs is the most sensitive on 2 lane. The results of the study, heavy vehicles low impact on PCE on multi-lane and business trips are a little in weekend.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 1990

This research addresses the effect of heavy vehicles (especially trucks) in terms of passenger car Equivalents from a capacity viewpoint. A formulation that estimate PCE in this paper is derived by introducing appropriate headway measurements into Huber's general equation for PCEs. In this equation, PCE value is expressed in terms of headways for four different kinds of pairs; pairs of leading and following vehicles ; P-P, P-T, P-T, T-T. The mean value of headway for each case is estimated through the regression analysis. Finally, the approach used in this research was compared with macroscopic approach which analyzed a speed-density relationship to evaluate PCE.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.61-73
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• 1996

The objective of this paper is to estimate the PCE(Passenger Car Equivalents) of various vehicle types on expressway work zones. Headway samples of 5,359 vehicles were collected in 6 work zones in the Kyungbu Expressway between September and November of 1995. Average headways of 8 vehicle types based on the vehicle classification method of the Department of Construction and Transportation were calculated. A statistical test of effects of the types of the preceding vehicles were performed for the average headways between a vehicle type preceded by other vehicle types. The results show that the effects of the type of preceding vehicles are significant (exceeded 5% and 10% significance levels) and the PCEs of heavy vehicles on expressway work zones are higher than that of basic expressway section. Therefore, different adjustment factors should be applied for heavy vehicles in estimating saturation flow rates of expressway work zones. The study also derives an equation to determine PCEs of these vehicle types.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.45.3-45
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• 2001

This paper deal with a fault detection algorithm for front wheel passenger car systems by using robust $H{\infty}$ control theory. Firstly, we present a unified formulation of vehicle dynamics for front wheel car systems and transform this formulation into state space form. Also, by considering the cornering stiffness which depends on the tyre-road contact conditions, a multiplicative uncertainty for vehicle model is described. Next, the failures of sensor and actuator for vehicle system are defined in which the fault .lter is considered. From the nominal vehicle model, an augmented system includes the multiplicative uncertainty and the model of fault filter is proposed. Lastly by using $H{\infty}$ norm property the fault detect conditions are deefi.ned, and the actuator and sensor failures are detected and isolated by designing the robust $H{\infty}$ controller, respectively.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.235-240
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• 2015

Active Safety system is requested on the market of the medium and heavy duty commercial vehicle over 4.5ton beside the market of passenger car with advancement of the digital equipment proportionally. Unlike the passenger car, the mounting position of camera in case of the medium and heavy duty commercial vehicle is relatively high, it is disadvantaged conditions for lane recognition in contradiction to passenger car. In this work, we show the method of lane recognition through the Sobel edge, based on the spatial domain processing, Hough transform and color conversion correction. Also we suggest the low error method of front vehicles recognition in order to reduce the detection error through Haar-like, Adaboost, SVM and Template matching, etc., which are the object recognition methods by frontal camera vision. It is verified that the reliability over 98% on lane recognition is obtained through the vehicle test.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.87-100
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• 1999

This study was focused on analyzing the headway of various types of trailer in Pusan city with the high heavy vehicle rate. Then Passenger Car Equivalent(PCE) was calibrated in order to identify the impact of trailers in the traffic flow at the signalized intersections. To fulfill this goal types of trailer were classified into five categories such as full trailer semi-trailer unloaded semi-trailer semi-trailer loaded with 20ft container and semi-trailer loaded with 40ft container and Passenger Car Equivalents were identified. the Results are as follows: 1) The PCE’s were 2.64, 1.51, 2.09, 2.16 and 2.23 respectively. 2) The saturation flow rate on the signalized intersection was lower than that on the multi-lane highway in the big city of Korea. 3) The start-up delay on the thru lane was similar to the average value in our country but the start-up delay on the left-turn lane was longer than the average value in our country by the impact of container Vehicles.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 1996

Automatic transmission for heavy duty vehicles is a part of the power pack which includes steering and braking systems. This transmission in different from the one for passenger car. Therefore, in order to understand the trend of the important design parameters, maneuverability, acceleration performance and maximum speed, we need to analyze the total performance characteristics of the power transmission systems. In this study, modeling of the automatic transmission in heavy duty vehicle is carried out and the performance analysis method is presented. Results can be used for performance estimation data in the analysis for several combination method which determines the optimal parameters on the basis of penalty functions and weightings. And the estimation method of the important performance parameters such as engine inertia or power loss of engine by experiments is presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.738-741
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• 2003

In general, the essential requirement for cruisers or car ferries is the reduction in noise to ensure high quality and comfort. Recently, the Ro-Ro Passengers Ferry (ROPAX) was built in Hyundai Heavy Industries. In order to minimize the noise levels, careful attention have to De paid by the special committee of experts from the initial design stage to the sea trial. Proper countermeasures, considering the characteristics of sources and receiver spaces, were applied from the noise prediction and various experiment results. Finally, this ship was successfully delivered with excellent noise properties. This paper describes the procedure of noise analysis, the countermeasures of noise control, and the measurement results of the sea trial. Onboard noise analysis had been carried out by statistical energy analysis program and outdoor noise prediction program based on ISO9614. The prediction results are in good agreements with the measurement results. The technology to minimize the noise levels for cruisers or car ferries has been established throughout the construction of this ship.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.127-132
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• 2013

In order to check traction of the elevator, the load-test is positively necessary on the inspection of elevator in Korea. So actual loads are used in the elevator car for the load-test. However, some of advanced countries in Europe, for example Germany, are using the alternative method with no load test instead of traditional load-test. Commonly hydraulic elevator, compared to passenger elevator is mainly used for loading heavy weights. It requires a great deal of labor to carry out load-test. The reason is why we developed a new inspection skill for the load-test of hydraulic elevator without actual loads. The results of studies show that the new method of the load-test can be replace the traditional load-test.