• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.585-590
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• 2010

This study attempted to facilitate various groundcover plants, related to phytoremediation material, and advance shade plants with a heavy metal tolerance to contaminated soil in an urban shade space. Saxifraga stolonifera, which has commonly been used a landscape shade plants, was evaluated to determine its heavy metal tolerance to different concentrations(Control, $100mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, $250mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ and $500mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ treatment) of Cd, Pb and Zn in soil. The growth of Saxifraga stolonifera showed no significant tendency after the initial transplantation, but showed distinct changes with the respective treatment heavy metal types and concentrations over time. Especially, severe chlorosis, with more yellowish green leaves, was observed, with inhibition at Cd concentrations greater than $100mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$. Conversely, no external symptoms or growth retardation were observed with Pb and Zn concentrations less than $500mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$. Therefore, Saxifraga stolonifera can be applied as a long term phytoremediation species in soil contaminated with low concentrations of heavy metal in urban shade spaces.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.327-332
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• 2019

현대 과학자들은 식물정화공정과 같은 새로운 기술로 중금속을 제거하려고 한다. 이런 최첨단 기술 중 하나는 토양의 특정 중금속을 제거하는 형질 전환 식물을 개발하는 것이다. 본 연구자는 T. goingense Metal Transport Protein 1 유전자와 TgMTP1 : GFP 유전자를 발현하는 형질 전환 벡터를 구축했다. 형질전환체 식물을 선택하여 형질 전환 된 유전자를 애기 장대 게놈에서 확인했다. 발현은 Arabidopsis 세포, 조직 및 기관의 여러 부분에서 확인되었다. Arabidopsis thaliana에서 TgMTP1 과발현하는 식물에 중금속이온이 처리되었을 때 형질 전환 식물체는 비 형질 전환 체보다 중금속 내성이 높았다. 추가 연구를 위해 4 (Zn, Ni, Co, Cd.)가지 중금속에 대한 내성이 향상된 형질 전환 식물을 선택했다. 선택된 T3 TgMTP1 과다 발현 애기 장대 식물은 중금속에 내성이 증가된다. 이 식물은 액포 내에 중금속을 축적하고 동시에 원형질막에 발현되는 MTP1 유전자의 발현을 특징으로 한다. 결론적으로, 이러한 식물은 식물 정화 응용 분야 및 내성이 증가 된 식물로 사용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.51-54
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• 2002

Heavy metal adsorptions of four streptomycetes were compared with each other, Among the test strains, Streptomyces viridochromogenes showed the most efficient metal binding activity, which was carried out by cell wall as well as freeze-dried mycelium. An order of adsorption potential (zinc > copper > lead > cadmium) was observed in single metal reactions, whereas this adsorption order was disturbed in mixed-metal reactions. The metal adsorption reactions were very fast, pH dependent and culture age-independen, suggestive of a physico-chemical reaction between cell wall components and heavy metal ions. The metal tolerant stains presented the weakest adsorbing activity, indicating that the metal biosorption was not the basis of the metal tolerance.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.379-385
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• 2005

중금속으로 오염된 폐수를 처리하기 위하여 다양한 처리 방법들이 제시되고 있으나, 최근에는 미생물을 이용한 중금속 처리 방법에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 따라서 중금속으로 오염된 토양에서 중금속에 대하여 강한 내성과 우수한 생물흡착능력을 동시에 가지고 있는 미생물 CPB를 분리하여 중금속에 대한 내성, 흡착 능력 및 흡착의 최적조건을 조사하였다. 중금속에 대한 내성은 전체적으로 $400mg{\ell}^{-1}$ 이상의 농도에서도 높은 내성을 보였으며, 생장 저해도는 단일 중금속 보다 중금속이 복합으로 존재 할 경우 더 크게 나타났다. 중금속 흡착 능력은 Pb>Cd>Cu>Zn의 순으로 흡착 능력이 나타났다. 외형적 흡착형태는 중금속의 종류에 따라 세포 표면 및 세포 막 부근에 electron dense particles들이 형성되었으며, 이는 EDS 분석을 통하여 중금속 화합물인 것으로 확인되었다. 중금속을 흡착하는데 있어 전반적인 최적 pH는 $5{\sim}7$범위였고, 최적 온도는 $25{\sim}35^{\circ}C$이다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.296-303
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• 2020

Three yeast strains (Hue-1, Hue-8, and Hue-19) with strong heavy metal tolerance were isolated from mangosteen from Hue city, Vietnam. They exhibited identical phenotype and phylogeny. Sequence analysis of the D1/D2 region of the LSU rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region demonstrated that the closest relative of these strains is Papiliotrema sp. with 2.12% and 3.55-3.7% divergence in the D1/D2 domain, and ITS domain, respectively. Based on the physiological, biochemical, and molecular data, the three strains belong to a novel species of Papiliotrema genus, for which the name Papiliotrema huenov sp. nov. is proposed. These strains are highly tolerant of heavy metals compared to other yeasts, being able to grow in the presence of 2 mM Pb (II), 2 mM Cd (II), and up to 5 mM Ni (II), but no growth was observed in the presence of 1 mM As (III).

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.413-424
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• 2021

식물과 근권미생물을 이용해 토양 오염물질을 제거하는 rhizoremediation의 효율을 높이기 위해서는 오염물질을 제거함과 동시에 식물 생장을 촉진시키는 미생물 자원 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 중금속 및 유류 복합 오염 토양에서 서식하고 있는 옥수수와 톨페스큐의 근권으로부터 중금속(구리, 카드뮴 및 납) 내성을 가진 근권세균을 순수분리하였고, 식물 생장 촉진능, 중금속 내성능 및 디젤 분해능을 정성적으로 평가하였다. 그 결과 중금속 내성, 식물 생장 촉진 활성 및 디젤 분해능을 가진 6종의 균주를 분리하였다. 옥수수 근권에서 분리한 CuM5와 CdM2 균주는 Cupriavidus sp.로 동정되었다. 톨페스큐 근권에서 분리한 CuT6, CdT2, CdT5 및 PbT3는 각각 Fulvimonas soli, Cupriavidus sp., Novosphingonium sp. 및 Bacillus sp.로 동정되었다. Cupriavidus sp. CuM5와 CdM2는 중금속 내성과 디젤 분해능은 상대적으로 낮았으나, 식물 생장 촉진능이 상대적으로 우수하였다. 6종 중에서 디젤 분해능이 가장 우수한 균주는 Cupriavidus sp. CdT2와 Bacillus sp. PbT3이었다. 특히, Bacillus sp. PbT3는 3종의 중금속에 대해 상대적으로 우수한 내성을 가졌고 식물 생장 촉진능도 우수하였다. 본 연구에서 분리한 근권세균은 유류와 중금속 복합 오염 토양을 정화시키며 식물 생장을 촉진시키는 새로운 미생물 자원으로 활용 가능하다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.147-156
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• 1995

Restoration of ecosystems degraded by heavy metal pollution can be accomplished by soil amendment and selection and utilization of plants tolerant to heavy metals. Two former zinc mine sites, Sambo Mine in Hwasung, Kyonggi-do and the Second Yonhwa Mine in Samchuk, Kangwon-do, were selected for collection of plant samples and for determination of heavy metal tolerant species. Dominant species on mine waste deposits in Hwasung site were Panicum bisulcatum and Echinoch/oa crus-galli, while those in Samchuk site were Aster yomena, Setaria viridis, Artemisia lavandulaefolia and Oenothera odorata. Mean contents of zinc, lead and cadmium in Hwasung soil were 103, 117 and 1 ppm, respectively, while those in Samchuk soil were 23, 6 and 4 ppm, respectively, Zinc contents were higher in Echinochloa crus-galli from Hwasung and in Artemisia lavandulaefolia from Samchuk, while lead contents were higher in Panicum bisulcatum and Echinochloa crus-galli from Hwasung and Lactuca sonchiJolia and Pinus densiJolia from Samchuk. Plant species with higher cadmium contents were Panicum bisulcatum and Lactuca sonchiJolia. Comparison of metal contents between roots and shoots showed that Echinochloa crus-galli was a zinc accumulator, while Panicum bisulcatum, Persicaria hydroPiPer, Pinus densiJlora and Lactuca sonchiJolia were zinc excluders. In addition, Panicum bisulcatum and Persicaria hydroPiPer were proved to be lead excluders. When both heavy metal contents in plant tissues and biomass of individual plants are considered, it can be concluded that Echinochloa crus-galli and Panicum bisulcatum from Hwasung and Artemisia lavandulaefolia and Aster yomena are heavy metal absorbing plants. The effect of heavy metals on seed germination showed that Artemisia princeps var. orientalis had higher germination rates, but no significant difference in concomitant decrease of germination rates among the species investigated were found by increasing heavy metal contents.

• 환경생물
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.394-399
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• 2004

S. marcescens LSY4가 충전된 BOD센서를 제작하여 표준오염물질을 포함한 수용액의 BOD를 측정하였다. 배양시간이 9∼16시간일 때에는 배양시간에 따른 BOD센서의 감응도에 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으며, 균체량도 0.22~0.75mg $cm^{-2}$의 범위에서는 거의 동일한 센서의 감응도를 나타내었다. 수용액의 pH가 4~9사이로 변화할 경우 센서의 감응도가 가역적으로 변화하였으나 수용액이 더 산성이거나 더 염기성이 되면 센서의 감응도가 비가역적으로 저하되었다. 수용액에 중금속이온이 첨가되면 센서의 감응도가 감소하였으며, $Zn^{2+}$나 $Cd^{2+}$보다 $Cu^{2+}$혹은 $Ag^+$가 첨가되었을 때 센서의 감응도가 더 급격히 감소하였다. 중금속에 대한 내성이 유도된 균체를 충전하였을 때 중금속이온의 첨가에 따른 센서의 감응도 감소가 크게 완화되었으며, 이런 효과는 $Cd^{2+}$내성주보다 $Cu^{2+}$내성주에서 더 현저하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.24-30
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• 1992

Extracts of Panax ginseng root significantly induced tolerance of Fusarium oxysporum to heavy metal, mecury, as the fungal mycelial growth was less inhibited by mercury chloride on potato dextrose medium(PDA) amended with ginseng root than on the PDA with no ginseng amendment. The most favorable concentration of ginseng root powder in detoxification of mercury chloride was 1%. The induced tolerance of F. oxysporum to mercury chloride appeared to be rather due to absorption of ginseng components, and was not related to stimulation of mycelial growth of the fungus per so by ginseng treatment. Ginseng components responsible for inducing tolerance of the fungus to mercury were involved in the water fraction of the ginseng root extract, although the water fraction had no effect on enhancement of the mycelial growth on the medium without mercury chloride. The hexane fraction of ginseng root extract, by which the mycelial growth was stimulated, was not related to the inducement of the tolerance to mercury chloride. However, more tolerance to mercury chloride was noted in PDA with both the water and hexane fractions combined than with either of the two fractions. Six-year-old ginseng roots were more effective in detoxification of mercury chloride than 4-year-old ginsng roots, and American ginseng (P quinquifolium) had no or little effect on inducing tolerance of the fungus to mercury chloride. This method may be used to screen other natural materials for test in the detoxification of mercury chloride.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.63-73
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• 1989

The purposes of this study were to find out the heavy metal and antibiotic resistant coliform bacteria from mineral water and the resistant factors. For the experiment, mineral water samples were taken from A area and B area during the period from march to July, 1988. The results of the experiment were as follows 1. From mineral water, eleven resistant coliforms and one susceptible coliform were isolated. 2. All resistant isolates harbored diverse plasmids of ranged ca. 14-54kb. 3. Susceptible coliform harbored a only plasmid of ca. 2.8 kb. 4. All resistant isolates harbored common size of plasmid of ca. 14kb. 5. As a result of the transformation and agarose gel electrophoresis experiments, resistant factor was R-plasmid. In conclusion, It is suggested that heavy metal contamination of mineral water is the selective pressure for the plasmid encoding the tolerance. Heavy metal resistance, in some case, is present with antibiotic resistance. Therefore, heavy metal contamination of mineral water induces antibiotic resistant bacteria.