• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2022

In this study, a product gas yield and carbon conversion were measured during the coal pyrolysis. The pyrolysis process occurred under two different atmospheres such as subcritical (45 bar, 10℃) and supercritical CO₂ condition (80 bar, 35℃). Under the same pressure (80 bar), the atmosphere temperature increased from 35℃ to 45℃ to further examine temperature effect on the pyrolysis at supercritical CO₂ condition. For all three cases, a power input supplied to heating wire placed below coal bed was controlled to make coal bed temperature constant. The phase change of CO₂ atmosphere and subsequent pyrolysis behaviors of coal bed were observed using high-resolution camcorder. The pressure and temperature in the reactor were controlled by a CO₂ pump and heater. Then, the coal bed was heated by wire heater to proceed the pyrolysis under supercritical CO₂ condition.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.963-971
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• 2000

In order to investigate the effects of an electric field on EHD(Electro-hydrodynamic) nucleate boiling hat transfer characteristics in a nonuniform electric field under saturated pool boiling, the basic study has been performed experimentally. In the present study, the working fluid is R-113 and the plate-wire electrode system is used to generate a steep electric field gradient. Boiling parameters are investigated by using a high speed camera. The electric field distribution around a wire is obtained to understand the effect of an electric field on bubble departure/movement. The experimental results show EHD effects are much more considerable when the applied voltage increases. Bubbles depart away from the heated wire in radial direction. It is confirmed that the mechanisms of EHD nucleate boiling are closely connected with the dynamic behavior of bubbles. The boiling parameters are significantly changed by the electric field strength. With increasing applied voltages, the bubble size decreases and the nucleation site density, bubble velocity and bubble frequency increase.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.722-730
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• 2001

The local heat transfer of an axisymmetric submerged air jet impinging on a heated flat plate is investigated experimentally with the variation of mesh-screen solidity. The screen installed in front of the nozzle exit modifies the flow structure and local heat transfer characteristics. The mean velocity and turbulence intensity profiles of streamwise velocity component are measured using a hot-wire anemometry. The temperature distribution on the heated flat surface is measured with thermocouples. The smoke-wire flow visualization technique was employed to understand the near-field flow structure qualitatively for different mesh screens. Large-scale toroidal vortices and high turbulence intensity enhance the heat transfer rate in the stagnation region. For a higher solidity, turbulence intensity become higher which increases the local heat transfer at small nozzle-to-plate spacings such as L/D<6. The local and average Nusselt numbers of impinging jet from the $\sigma$(sub)s=0.83 screen at L/D=2 are about 5.6∼7.5% and 7.1% larger than those for the case of no screen, respectively. For the nozzle-to-plate spacings larger than 6, however, the turbulence intensities for all tested screens approach to an asymptotic curve and the mean velocity along the jet centerline decreases monotonically. As the nozzle-to-plat spacing increases for high solidity screens, the heat transfer rate decreases due to the reduction in turbulence intensity and jet momentum.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.295-301
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• 2010

Multi shell graphite coated Ag nano particles with core/shell structure were successfully synthesized by pulsed wire evaporation (PWE) method. Ar and $CH_4$ (10 vol.%) gases were mixed in chamber, which played a role of carrier gas and reaction gas, respectively. Graphite layers on the surface of silver nano particles were coated indiscretely. However, the graphite layers are detached, when the particles are heated up to $250^{\circ}C$ in the air atmosphere. In contrast, the graphite coated layer was stable under Ar and $N_2$ atmosphere, though the core/shell structured particles were heated up to $800^{\circ}C$. The presence of graphite coated layer prevent agglomeration of nanoparticles during heat treatment. The dispersion stability of the carbon coated Ag nanoparticles was higher than those of pure Ag nanoparticles.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2018

There have been a number of major fatal fire accidents in Korea recently. The number of fires in 2017 were 44,178, which is not only increasing number of fires but also increasing in casualties. Particularly, the fire at Jecheon Sports Center, which suffered many casualties, is expected to have a huge impact. The cause of the fire has not been determined yet, but heat waves on the ceiling have also been pointed out. As such, the copper heating waves, which are used as a preventive measure against damage of pipes due to freezing of pipes, etc., always have a fire hazard. To determine the possibility of a flame-resistant heated fire, a positive electric cable product was used to artificially ignite and analyze the results. In case of a short circuit, the external covering of the positive electric cable is damaged, but not short circuit unless the heating material surrounding the wire is damaged. Due to the characteristics of heating cable for preventing copper waves, the chances of insulation becoming more severe due to moisture and temperature changes are higher than normal wires. If the internal heating system is carbonized by insulating deterioration without damage to the outer coating, it is likely to cause trekking, to form a winding loop in the heating materials, and to cause short circuit in the heated materials. For the positive temperature line, if the middle is shorted, the current continues to flow to the short circuit unless the breaker disconnects. Consequently, a heated fire that does not cut off the power immediately may leave multiple marks or cuts.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집D
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• pp.60-65
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• 2001

Bomb calorimeter was developed for measuring the calorific value of combustible matter such as wastes. The calorimeter consist of bomb, stirred-water type bucket, thermometer and ignition circuit. Operation and performance of the calorimeter have been tested experimentally. In the present study, calorific values of light oil, lamp oil and bunker C oil is measured using the bomb calorimeter. Mass of the sample is fixed at lg, and oxygen pressure in the bomb is used as an experimental parameter. Sample in the oxygen bomb is burned with electrically heated Ni-Cr wire of 100mm in length, and temperature of water in the bucket become increased by $5^{\circ}C$ during about 30min. Calorific value of the sample is calculated with the temperature difference of water. Combustion tests, such as the record of temperature history and the inspection of remnants, are performed at 4, 6, 8 and 10 atm of the oxygen pressure. From the test results, oxygen pressure in the bomb must be over 10atm for complete combustion.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2001년도 제22회 KOSCI SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.23-30
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• 2001

Bomb calorimeter was developed for measuring the calorific value of combustible matter such as wastes. The calorimeter consist of bomb, stirred-water type bucket, thermometer and ignition circuit. Operation and performance of the calorimeter have been tested experimentally. In the present study, calorific values of light oil, lamp oil, benzoic acid, ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol is measured using the bomb calorimeter. Mass of the sample is fixed at 19, and oxygen pressure in the bomb is used as an experimental parameter. Sample in the oxygen bomb is burned with electrically heated Ni-Cr wire of 100mm in length, and temperature of water in the bucket become increased by $2{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ during about 30min. Calorific value of the sample is calculated with the temperature difference of water. Combustion tests, such as the record of temperature history and the inspection of remnants, are performed at 6, 8 and 10 atm of the oxygen pressure. From the test results, oxygen pressure in the bomb must be over 10atm for complete combustion.

• Composites Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.55-65
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• 1999

형상기억합금 선을 삽입한 복합적층 보의 열좌굴 및 좌굴후 거동을 해석 및 실험적으로 고찰하였다. 균일한 온도분포, 양단고정 상태에서 형상기억합금 선을 삽입한 복합적층 보의 열좌굴 거동을 나타내었고 검토하였다. 삽입한 형상기억합금 선의 형상회복력은 복합적층 보의 열팽창 변형률을 감소시킴으로써 임계좌굴온도를 증가시키고 좌굴후 거동에서 횡방향 변형을 감소시키는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 형상회복력이 열좌굴에 미치는 영향을 온도-하중-횡방향 변위의 거동결과에서 세장비, 기하학적 초기결함, 형상기억합금 선의 삽입 위치 등의 설계변수를 고려하여 정량적으로 나타내었다. 온도-횡방향 변형의 결과로부터 임계좌굴온도를 구하는 접선교차점의 방법을 제안하였다. 열좌굴 및 좌굴후 거동에서 실험결과의 해석을 바탕으로 형상회복력이 임계좌굴온도에 미치는 영향을 나타내는 이론적인 식을 제시하였다.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2013

We investigated the effects of Au eutectic reaction on Si thin film growth by hot wire chemical vapor deposition. Small SiC and Si nano-particles fabricated through a wet etching process were coated and biased at 50 V on micro-textured Si p-n junction solar cells. Au thin film of 10 nm and a Si thin film of 100 nm were then deposited by an electron beam evaporator and hot wire chemical vapor deposition, respectively. The Si and SiC nano-particles and the Au thin film were structurally embedded in Si thin films. However, the Au thin film grew and eventually protruded from the Si thin film in the form of Au silicide nano-balls. This is attributed to the low eutectic bonding temperature ($363^{\circ}C$) of Au with Si, and the process was performed with a substrate that was pre-heated at a temperature of $450^{\circ}C$ during HWCVD. The nano-balls and structures showed various formations depending on the deposited metals and Si surface. Furthermore, the samples of Au nano-balls showed low reflectance due to surface plasmon and quantum confinement effects in a spectra range of short wavelength spectra range.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.253-261
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• 1987

본 논문에서는 이러한 점들을 보완하여 Fig.1에 도시한 Rijke 관에서 나선형 가열기에 의한 음향력의 발생량을 계산하고 기주진동을 일으키는데 필요한 가열량을 계산하고 기주진동을 일으키는데 필요한 가열량을 구하였다. 이론을 뒷받침하기 위 하여 실험을 하고 결과를 비교 검토하였다.