• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.214-238
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• 2007

Purpose : We have carried out this study to investigate association of DSOM scores and women infertility in oriental medicine for systematization diagnosis and treatment of women infertility. Methods : We analyzed the results of medical records for 151 patients who were diagnosed as women infertility. We investigated the possession of symptom index of women infertility, recognition association of DSOM. Results : 1. In comparison with 151 clinical trial's data. deficiency of Yin(陰虛), coldness(寒), spleen(脾) are associated positively and deficiency of Yang(陽虛), phlegm(痰) are associated negatively. 2. In pathogenesis(病機) indicator of average, cold inside the body is associated positively and diarrhea, kidney are associated negatively. 3. In pathogenesis five score-point of value, Heat(熱), kidney(腎) are associated negatively. 4. In pathogenesis(病機) indicator. constipation(便秘) is associated positively and hardness of lower abdomen, tingly weakness of lower back and knee question are associated negatively. 5. In 140 questions, nine questions are associated positively and ten question are associated negatively.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2005

Objectives : The aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between the summertime (June to August) heat index, which quantifies the bioclimatic apparent temperature in sultry weather, and the daily disease-related mortality in Seoul for the period from 1991 to 2000. Methods : The daily maximum (or minimum) summertime heat indices, which show synergetic apparent temperatures, were calculated from the six hourly temperatures and real time humidity data for Seoul from 1991 to 2000. The disease-related daily mortality was extracted with respect to types of disease, age and sex, etc. and compared with the time series of the daily heat indices. Results : The summertime mortality in 1994 exceeded the normal by 626 persons. Specifically, blood circulation-related and cancer-related mortalities increased in 1994 by 29.7% (224 persons) and 15.4% (107 persons), respectively, compared with those in 1993. Elderly persons, those above 65 years, were shown to be highly susceptible to strong heat waves, whereas the other age and sex-based groups showed no significant difference in mortality. In particular, a heat wave episode on the 22nd of July 2004 ($>45^{\circ}C$ daily heat index) resulted in double the normal number of mortalities after a lag time of 3 days. Specifically, blood circulation-related mortalities, such as cerebral infraction, were predominant causes. Overall, a critical mortality threshold was reached when the heat index exceeded approximately $37^{\circ}C$, which corresponds to human body temperature. A linear regression model based on the heat indices above $37^{\circ}C$, with a 3 day lag time, accounted for 63% of the abnormally increased mortality (${\geq}+2$ standard deviations). Conclusions : This study revealed that elderly persons, those over 65 years old, are more vulnerable to mortality due to abnormal heat waves in Seoul, Korea. When the daily maximum heat index exceeds approximately $37^{\circ}C$, blood circulation-related mortality significantly increases. A linear regression model, with respect to lag-time, showed that the heat index based on a human model is a more dependable indicator for the prediction of hot weather-related mortality than the ambient air temperature.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2016

The study presents structural integrity assessment of ductility degradation of a baffle former assembly by performing finite element analysis considering real loading conditions and stress triaxiality. Variations of fracture strain curves of type 304 austenitic stainless steel with stress triaxiality are derived based on the previous study results. Temperature distributions during normal operation such as heat-up, steady state, and cool-down are calculated via finite element temperature analysis considering gamma heating and heat convection with reactor coolant. Variations of stress and strain state during long operation period are also calculated by performing sequentially coupled temperature-stress analysis. Fracture strain is derived by using the fracture curve and the stress triaxility. Finally, variations of ductility degradation damage indicator with the fracture strain and the equivalent inelastic strain are investigated. It is found that maximum value of the ductility degradation damage index continuously increases and becomes 0.4877 at 40 EFPYs. Also, the maximum value occurs at top and middle inner parts of the baffle former assembly before and after 20 EFPYs, respectively.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2010

The measurement of heat release rate is of great importance in the study of thermo-acoustic instability occurring in lean premixed combustion and the chemiluminescence emission has been used as an indicator of heat release in combustion instability studies primarily for its relative simplicity. This paper presents results of experimental study of flame chemiluminescence from an atmospheric, swirl-stabilized, turbulent lean premixed flame with a main emphasis on the effect of $CO_2^*$ background level in the $CH^*$ and $OH^*$ band. The test results show that the effect of $CO_2^*$ level in the $CH^*$ band is greater than that in the $OH^*$ band. Also, the background to peak ratio for both $CH^*$ and $OH^*$ bands can be expressed as a function of equivalence ratio, almost regardless of a change in the inlet velocity.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

This study was to review the classification, detection and control of bacteriophage in fermented dairy products. Bacteriophage has lytic and/or lysogenic life cycles. Epidemiologically speaking, detected major phages are c2, 936 and p335. Among them p335 has been the largest concern in dairy industry. Traditionally, various analytical technologies, such as spot, starter activity, indicator test, ATP measurement and conductimetric analysis, have been used for the phage detection. In recent years, advanced methods such as flow cytometric method, petrifilm, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and multiflex PCR diagnostic kit have been deveoloped. The phage contamination has been controlled by using heat, high-pressure treatment, and the combinations of heat and pressure, and/or chemical. Also some starter cultures with phage-resistant character have been developed to minimize the concentration of phages in dairy product. Bacteriophage inhibition media such as calcium medium was also mentioned. To prevent the contamination of bacteriophage in dairy industry, further researches on the detection and control of phage, and phage resistant starters are necessary in the future.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1736-1743
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 기화기부착 4행정 4기통 전기점화기관을 사용하여 흡기관내 액 막흐름에 의한 연료의 불균일화가 기관의 연소특성과 배기특성에 미치는 영향을 규명 하는데 궁극적인 목적을 두고 우선, 연소특성을 해석하기 위하여 비교적 고가인 연소 해석 시스템을 개발하는데 1차적인 목적으로 하였으며, 시험제작한 연소해석 시스템으 로 액막흐름의 가시화 및 배기가스 농도측정과 지압선도 해석을 행하여 구조적으로 대 칭인 1번과 4번 실린더의 연소특성과 배기특성을 비교 검토하였다.

• Geosystem Engineering
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.282-290
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• 2018

The onset of extreme fire behaviour in a mine drift with longitudinal ventilation was analysed. A fire in a mine drift with continuous fuel load, involving several separate fires may lead to flames tilted horizontally and filling up the entire cross section. This will lead to earlier ignition, higher fire growth rate, higher fire spread rate and a severe fire behaviour. The focus has been on what changes take place at the onset and signs of the impending phenomenon. It was found that the fire gas temperature at the ceiling level provided a poor indicator. At the downstream far-field region of the fire, the sudden temperature increase at the lowest levels of the cross section and the sudden increase in flow velocities would provide signs of extreme fire behaviour. The corresponding full-scale heat release rates of the experiments at the onset of extreme fire behaviour were found to be very high for mining applications but not necessarily for tunnel fires. The heat release rate threshold for a mine drift with smaller cross-sectional dimensions would decrease considerably, increasing the likelihood of occurrence. The distance between the fuel items will play an important role during the initiation of horizontal flames.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1995년도 추계학술발표회논문집(1)
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• pp.403-410
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• 1995

A loss of the residual heat removal (RHR) accident during mid-loop operation of Yong-gwang Nuclear Units 3/4 was analyzed using the RELAP5/MOD3.1.2 code. In this work the following assumptions are used; (i) initially the reactor coolant system (RCS) above the hot leg center line is filled with nitrogen gas, (ii) two 3/4-inch diameter vent valves on the reactor vessel head and the top of pressurizer in the reactor coolant system are always open, and a level indicator is connected to the RMR suction line, (iii) the two steam generators are in wet layup status and the steam generator atmospheric dump valve assemblies are removed so that the secondary side pressure remains at nearly atmospheric condition throughout the accident, and (iv) the loss of RHR is presumed to occur at 48 hours after reactor shutdown. Findings from the RELAP5 calculations are (i) the core boiling begins at ∼5 min, (ii) the peak RCS pressure is ∼3.0 bar, which implies a possibility of temporary seal break, (iii) ∼94 % of the decay heat is removed by reflux condensation in the steam generator U-tubes in spite of the presence of noncondensable gas, (iv) the core uncovery time is evaluated to be 7.2 hours. Significant mass errors were observed in the calculations.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.50-54
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• 2002

시유의 적정품질관리 지표를 설정하기 위하여 열처리에 따른 lactulose의 생성에 관해 실험하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. 살균기를 이용하여 HTST 및 UHT로 처리하여 4, 10, 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 각각 4주간 저장하며 lactulose의 함량변화를 측정한 결과 모든 처리구에서 저장기간에 따라 지속적으로 증가 하였으나, 4, 1$0^{\circ}C$에서는 최초 1.5mg/100m1에서 저장 4주째 1.93mg/100m1 및 2.14mg/100m1으로 미량 증가하였으며 3$0^{\circ}C$에서는 저장 4주째 4.88mg/100m1으로 생성량이 높게 나타났다. 또한 glycerol bath를 이용하여 75$^{\circ}C$에서 10~120초, 13$0^{\circ}C$에서 2~60초간 열처리하고 시간에 따른 함량변화를 측정한 결과 각 처리구에서 열처리시간과 lactulose의 증가량간에는 매우 높은 상관관계를 나타내며(75$^{\circ}C$ : r=0.986, P<0.001 ; 13$0^{\circ}C$ r=0.987 P<0.001)지속적으로 증가하였다. 또한 전지환원유의 첨가량을 달리하여 UHT처리 후 lactulose 함량을 측정한 결과 환원유 첨가량과 함량의 증가간에는 높은 상관관계(r=0.982, P<0.001)를 나타내었다. 따라서 현재 미생물학적 방법에 의존하고 있는 시유의 품질관리를 좀더 효율적으로 명확히 하기위해서는 열처리 방법 및 시간과 매우 높은 상관관계를 가지는 화학적 품질관리 지표의 도입이 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 화학발광 계측을 통한 연소화염의 당량비, 열방출율과 같은 물리량 판단에 대한 최신 연구결과를 정리 분석하였다. 현대의 연소장치는 연소의 동적 안정성 증대 및 공해물질 배출억제를 위해 세밀한 제어가 필요하다. 화학발광 세기 계측을 통한 물리량 파악은 그 적용에 있어서 많은 상대적 장점을 지니고 있다. 그러나 본 방법은 당량비, 연소압력, 입구온도, 난류세기, 연료 종류 등에 의해 많은 영향을 받는다. 연구결과를 종합하면, 메탄/공기 예혼합 화염에서 $CH^*/OH^*$가 연료 과농 조건을 제외하고 당량비와 밀접한 관계가 있다. 또한 넓은 공간에서 측정된 $OH^*$, $CH^*$ 신호는 전체 열방출율과 비례관계를 갖는 것으로 판단된다.