• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.199-207
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• 1996

Ischemic myocardial damage is inevitable to cardiac surgery. Myocardial damage after initiation of reperfusion through the coronary arteries is one of the most important determinants of a successful surgery. Adenosine is a potent vasodilator, and is also known to induce rapid cardioplegic arrest by its property of antagonizing cardiac calcium channels and activating the potassium channel. Thus, we initiated this study with adenosine to improve postischemic recovery in the isolated rat heart. We tested the hypothesis that adenosine could be more effective than potassium in inducing rapid cardiac arrest and enhancing postischemlc hemodynamic recovery. Isolated rat hearts, connected to the Langendorff appratus, were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer and all hearts were subjected to arrest for 60 minutes. Three groups of hearts were studied according to the composition of cardioplegic solutions : Group A (n=10), adenosine 10mmo1/L+potassium free modified St. Thomas cardioplegia : Group B (n=10), adenosine 400mo1/L+S1. Thomas cardioplegia:Group C(control, n=10), St. Thomas cardioplegia. Adenosine-treated groups (group A & B) resulted in more rapid cardiac arrest than control group (C) (p< 0.01). There was greater improvement in recovery of coronary blood flow at 20 and 30 minutes of reperfusion in group A and at 20 minutes in group B when compared with control group(p<0.01). Recovery of systolic blood pressure at 10 minutes after reperfusion in group A and B was significantly superior to that in group C (p<0.01). Recovery of dp/dt at 10 minute after reperfusion in group A was also significantly superior to group C (p<0.05). Group A and B showed better recovery rates than control group in aortic blood flow, cardiac output, and heart rate, but there were no statistical differences. CPK levels of coronary flow in group A were significantly low (p< 0.01). We concluded that adenosine-enriched cardioplegic solutions have better effects on rapid cardiac arrest and postischemic recovery when compared with potassium cardioplegia.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.175-186
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to give priority in Yin-deficient questionnaire items. if adequate priority is given, clinical judgment and questionnaire of the results is expected to be similar. The AHP is a systematic procedure for analyzing the elements of any problem hierarchically. Based on survey of expertise, as series of pairwise comparison judgements is performed to evaluate the various elements in the hierarchy. We are expected to use the AHP analysis that would apply to oriental doctor's diagnostic process analysis. In this study, korean medical doctors experienced over 5 years was included. Results given the importance to Yin-deficient questionnaire items, Results given the importance to the questionnaire items, the most important item was Irritable fever on the five Hearts, the second was tidal fever.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 1980

Changes in cardiac performances were observed under variations of the arterial and/or venous pressures with K-loading or K-depletion in turtle heart. Hearts were perfused with turtle Ringer-Locke's solutions containing various levels of potassium ion concentration. When venous pressure increased from 4 to 12 cm $H_2O$, cardiac output increased from $6.2{\pm}0.68$ to $15.7{\pm}0.75\;ml/min$, concomittantly. On the contrary, cardiac output decreased during the elevation of arterial pressure. Stroke work increased more prominently during the arterial pressure elevation than during the elevation of venous pressure. During K-depletion$(1{\sim}2mEq/L)$, cardiac output increased to two times that of normal K-concentration$(3{\sim}6\;mEq/L)$ group. Heart rate increased also, but less markedly. In K-loaded$(7{\sim}8\;mEq/L)$ group, both the cardiac output and heart rate decreased but stroke volume rather increased, because heart rate decrement was disproportionate to that of cardiac output. We concluded that in perfused turtle heart, cardiac output variation was more sensitive to K_depletion whereas heart rate to K-loading.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.45-60
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• 1991

lonophores, uniquely, create specific pathways of ion permeability in model and cell membranes. Calcium-transporting ionophores of microbiological origin, such as A23187 and ionomycin, have been used as experimental tools to elucidate the physiological role of calcium as a second messenger in many cell types. These ionophores are believed to bypass the initial ligand-receptor step in the activation of cells by increasing membrane permeability to calcium. In this report, we shall discuss several naturally occurring substances that share some properties of calcium-ionophores, primarily concentrating on oxidized fatty acids. We have previously demonstrated that oxidized linoteic and arachidonic acids, obtained either by lipoxygenase catalysis or nonenzymatic processes, significantly promote calcium translocation in a two-phase partition model and modulate calcium-transporting function in the isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles obtained from mammalian hearts. We have also confirmed that calcium-ionophoric properties are due not to their general amphiphilic nature of certain lipids, but to distinct structural characteristics. Although there are some skeptical views on the occurrence of ionophores in higher organisms, increasing evidence suggests that membrane lipids or their derivatives may serve as physiological calcium-ionophores. Abnormal accumulation of lipid peroxidation products(particularly end products), however, may be associated with the general oxidative damages as seen in many pathological conditions.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.31.1-31.1
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• 2018

While astronomers are working hard to detect the earliest galaxies and to follow their evolution to redshift z~0, they remain baffled by the present-day dichotomy between disky, star forming (aka late-type) galaxies and quiescent, spheroidal (aka early-type) galaxies. The key is to find galaxies in transition from one class to the other, whose spectra indicate intense recent star formation that has now ended. We have identified thousands of such "post-starburst galaxies" and discovered that they are often the products of late-type galaxy-galaxy mergers. Their current kinematics, stellar populations, and morphologies are consistent with late- to early-type galaxy evolution. I will discuss recent work that suggests new connections between this violent history and the central supermassive black hole. In particular, the molecular gas reservoir of a post-starburst galaxy declines rapidly after the starburst ends and in a manner consistent with feedback from an active nucleus. Furthermore, a star is ~300x more likely to be tidally disrupted by the nucleus of a post-starburst galaxy than in other galaxies. Like the well-known black hole-bulge mass correlation, these surprising links between the properties of a galaxy on kpc scales and its supermassive black hole on pc scales require explanation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 1997

The Increasing use of coronary perfusates for the protection of the human heart during ischemic cardiac arrest has placed great emphasis on the need for a rational and safe formulation. For the purpose of this study isolated rat hearts were connected to retrograde nonworking perfusion system proposed by Langendorff, and then perfused for 20 minutes by coronary infusates of magnesium concentration of 1.66 m Mol per liter(group A, n: 10) or 15mMo1 per liter(group B, n: 10). After 20 minutes perfusion, cold cardioplegic solution (modified St. Thomas'Hospital solution) was infused for 2 minutes, and prepared within 4$^{\circ}C$ Krebs-Henseleit solution. Finally, 20 minutes of cononay reprsfuslon was reestablished after I hour of cold ischemic cardiac arrest. Hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, left ventricular pressure, $\pm$ dp/dt max. and coronany flow) and enzymes assay (creatine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase and flutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) were performed each other at whic rat heart was perfused for 20 minutes and reperfused for 20 minutes thereafter. There were significant differences in the recovery rate of heart rate, systolic left ventricular pressure, + dp/dt max, and coronary flow and reperfusion-perfusion ratio of creatine phosphokinase(P < 0.05). But, there were no signicant differences in the recovery rate of dp/dt max, and reperfunion-perfusion ratio of lactic dehydrogenase and glutamic oxaloacetic acid (P > 0.05).

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.390-401
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• 1997

In order to investigate the pharmacological properties of New Woohwangchungsimwon Liquid (NCL), effects of Woohwangchungsimwon Liquid (CL) and NCL were compared. In isolated rat aorta, NCL and CL showed the relaxation of blood vessels in maximum contractile response to phenylephrine (10$^{-6}$ M) without regard to intact endothelium or denuded rings of the rat aorta. Furthermore, the presences of the inhibitor of NO synthase and guanylate cyclase did not affect the relaxation of NCL and CL. NCL and CL inhibited the vascular contractions induced by acetylcholine, prostaglandin endoperoxide or peroxide in a dose-dependent manner. In conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), NCL and CL significantly decreased heart rate. NCL and CL, at high doses, had a negative inotropic effect that was a decrease of LVDP and (-dp/dt)/(+dp/dt) in the isolated perfused rat hearts, and also decreased the contractile force and heart rate in the isolated rat right atria. In excised guinea-pig papillary muscle, NCL and CL had no effects on parameters of action potential at low doses, whereas inhibited the cardiac contractility at high doses. These results suggested that NCL and CL have weak cardiovascular effects with relaxation of blood vessels and decrease of heart rate, and that this effect is no significant differences between two preparations.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.283-293
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• 2009

Ginsenosides, one of the most well-known traditional herbal medicines, are used frequently in Korea for the treatment of cardiovascular symptoms. The effects of ginseng saponin on ischemia-induced isolated rat heart were investigated through analyses of hemodynamic changes including perfusion pressure, aortic flow, coronary flow, and cardiac output. Isolated rat hearts were perfused and then subjected to 30 min of global ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion with modified Kreb's Henseleit solution. Myocardial contractile function was continuously recorded. Ginseng saponin administered before inducing ischemia significantly prevented decreases in perfusion pressure, aortic flow, coronary flow, and cardiac output. The ginseng saponin administered group significantly recovered all of the hemodynamic parameters, except heart rate, after ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) compared with ischemia control. The intracellular calcium ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) content in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes was quantitatively determined. Administration of ginseng saponin significantly prevented $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase that had been induced by simulated I/R in vitro (p<0.01) in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that the cardioprotection of ginseng saponin is mediated by the inhibition of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase. Overall, we found that the administration of ginseng saponin has cardioprotective effects on the isolated rat heart after I/R injury. These results indicate that ginseng saponin has distinct cardioprotective effects in an I/R-induced rat heart.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.17-22
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• 2002

This paper used an active contour model which was based on level set algorithms and bidirectional curve evolution theory in order to track the shape of the heart acting continuously. Most active contour models would be failed in boundary extraction because of their unstable movement in the edge gap locations. In this paper, we suggest a new active contour model using only image intensity value and additional constraint needed for stable extraction. Our model was successfully run on either shape extraction or object tracking without any position constraints of initial curve. Also demonstrated stable movements and showed good results at weak or missing boundary locations.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.66-78
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• 1999

In order to investigate the pharmacological properties of New Wonbang Woohwangchungsimwon Liquid (NSCL), effects of Wonbang Woohwangchungsimwon Liquid (SCL) and NSCL were compared. In isolated rat aorta, NSCL and SCL showed the relaxation of blood vessels in maximum contractile response to phenylephrine (10$^{-6}$ M) regardless to intact endothelium or denuded rings of the rat aorta. Furthermore, the presences of the inhibitor of NO synthase and guanylate cyclase did not affect the relaxing effect of NSCL and SCL. NSCL and SCL inhibited the vascular contractions induced by acetylcholine, prostaglandin endoperoxide or peroxide in a dose-dependent manner. In conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), NSCL and SCL significantly decreased heart rate. NSCL and SCL, at high doses, had a negative inotropic effect that was a decrease of left ventricular developed pressure and (-dp/dt)/(+dp/dt) in the isolated perfused rat hearts, and also decreased the contractile force and heart rate in the isolated rat right atria. In excised guinea-pig papillary muscle, NSCL and SCL had no effects on parameters of action potential such as resting membrane potential, action potential amplitude, APD$_{90}$ and V$_{max}$ at low doses, whereas inhibited the cardiac contractility at high doses. These results suggested that NSCL and SCL have weak cardiovascular effects with relaxation of blood vessels and decrease of heart rate, and that this effect is no significant differences between cardiovascular effects of two preparations.s.