• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1987

To clarify the difference between the outcome of warfarin anticoagulation and the antiplatelet [Aspirin, Dipyridamole] therapy after bioprosthetic heart valve replacement, we compared the following two groups. Group I [Warfarin group] consisted of 557 patients undergone lonescu - Shiley valve replacement between January, 1979 and December, 1985, and treated with scheduled warfarin therapy at Seoul National University Hospital. Group II [Antiplatelet group] consisted of 128 patients undergone lonescu - Shiley, Carpentier - Edwards or Wessex bioprosthetic valve replacement between March, 1983 and December, 1986, and treated primarily with antiplatelet therapy [Aspirin plus Dipyridamole] at SeJong General Hospital. The two groups were similar with respect to age, number of valves utilized per patient, type of operation and risk factors of thromboembolism. In group I, 522 patients excluding 35 hospital death [hospital mortality 6.3%], and in group II, 119 survivors excluding 9 hospital death [hospital mortality 7.0%] were followed. In group I, there were 13 fatal complications, of which seven were thromboembolic [0.6% / pt-yr] and six hemorrhagic [0.5%/pt-yr] during the period of four years. In group II, there were 3 fatal thromboembolic complications [2.3%/pt-yr] during the period of four years. This showed no statistically significant difference. Apart from fatal complications, there were lots of warfarin related minor complications in group I comparing with those of group II. The actuarial probability of the freedom from thromboembolism and of the freedom from fatal complications were very similar at each corresponding years postoperatively. As a result, warfarin anticoagulation in patients with bioprosthetic valve replacement did not reveal any significant advantages over antiplatelet therapy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.633-636
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• 2005

출생 직후 Carpentier-Edward D형의 Ebstein 기형을 진단 받은 신생아가 심한 저산소증 및 심부전의 증상을 보여 생후 16일째 응급수술을 시행하였다. 수술 소견 상 거대한 우심방 및 심방화 우심실, 작은 기증적 우심실, 삼천 판막의 중격엽 및 후엽의 심한 하향 전위 및 전엽의 우심실 전벽 유착 등이 관찰되었고, 전형적인 협착성 엡스타인 기형으로 양심실 교정이 북가능한 상태로 판단되어 변형 starnes 술식을 적용하였다. 즉 폐동맥판막 및 전위된 삼첨판막 개구창을 일차 봉합 폐쇠하고 광범위한 심방 중격 절제술 등을 시행한후 우심실 전벽과 심실 중격 사이를 우심 첨부에서부터 다중 봉합하여 막성 중격 주변으로 10mm 정도 남기고 심방화 우심실 내부를 모두 봉합 폐쇄하였다. 또한 폐혈류 유지를 위하여 4mm ringed Gore-Tex 도관을 무명동맥에서 주폐동맥까지 연결하였다. 환자는 수술 후 경과가 양호하여 술 후 17일째에 퇴원하였으며, 6개월 후 큰 문제없이 양방향성 상대정맥-폐도맥 단락술을 시행할 수 있었다. 저자 등은 심한 협착성 엡스타인 기형 환자에게 간편하면서도 안전하게 심방화 우심실을 혈역학으로부터 제외시키는 변형 Starnes 방법을 적용하여 좋은 성적을 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.479-487
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• 1988

Valve replacements in 82 children, aging up to 15 years[mean 11.67 years] were done at Seoul National University Hospital during 13 years period from 1974 to 1986. The patients were composed of 5] males and 31 females and 50 patients had acquired heart disease and 32 patients congenital heart disease. 75 patients received single valve replacements, 6 patients double valve replacements, 1 patient triple valve replacement, and among all of them, 11 patients redo-replacements. The bioprosthetic valves have been applied to 58 patients and prosthetic valve to 24 patients and the latter was the main artificial valve since 1984. Among the 69 patients who had definite post-operative records, the overall mortality was 27.5%[20.3% was early mortality and 7.2% late mortality] and the overall mortality was lowered to 4.3% since 1984. There were early post-operative complication rate of 26.1% and late complication rate 34.8%, and among the latter, the valve failure rate was 11.4% patient-year, and the thrombo-embolism rate 1.76%/patient-year. 55 patients among the survivals after post-operative 1 month, were received follow-up with various anticoagulating medication for total 2046 patient-months[mini-mum 1 month to maximum 90 month, mean 37.2*25.44 months] and actuarial survival rate was 82*8% at 5 years and valve failure free and thrombo-embolic free survival rate were 61*8% and 90*3% respectively. And among them, valve failure free survival `rate of tissue valve were 91*6% at post-operative 2 years, 78*3% at 3 years, 59*9% at 4 years, 54*10% at 5 years, 53*15% at 6 years, so markedly decreased at 3-5 years post-operatively. These results suggest that cardiac valve replacement in children have been effective therapeutic method though various problems are still remained, and the choice of valve should be prosthetic valve mainly due to its durability at the present.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.929-935
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• 1990

Violence in our society, combined with improving transport system, resulted in increased numbers of patients with cardiac wounds reaching the hospital alive. Most patients with penetrating cardiac injury, rather than blunt injury, present with a syndrome of either hemorrhagic shock or cardiac tamponade. And they should be operated upon as soon as possible. Often the atrioventricular valves and other important cardiac structures are also damaged by the penetrating instruments or missile. Both intracardiac communications and atrioventricular fistulas may result in significant left-to-right shunts accompanied by congestive heart failure, necessitating surgical correction. Usually, retained cardiac foreign bodies, which are almost always bullets or fragments of missiles, may lie within a cardiac chamber or in the myocardium. Emboli of bullets or other missiles from distant sites to the right side of the heart are numerous enough to require attention. Recently we experienced a case with intracardiac foreign body due to penetrating cardiac injury. A 19 year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to penetrating anterior chest wound by iron segment. The roentgenogram of the chest revealed a radio-opaque metallic shadow in left lower chest around the cardiac apex, mild blunting of left costophrenic space, but no cardiomegaly. During operation the foreign body was noted to be present in the cardiac chamber by the portable C-arm fluoroscopy. But during the manipulation it moved into left inferior pulmonary vein from left ventricle by way of left atrium. So we could manage to remove it from left inferior pulmonary vein by direct approach to the vein. It was iron segment, sized 0.lcm x0.6cmx0.5cm, with sharp margins. The patient had an uneventful postoperative recovery except for chylopericardium and was discharged.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.755-758
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• 2008

저자들은 8년 전 감염성 심내막염으로 대동맥판막과 승모판 치환 및 섬유체 재건을 시행한 65세 남자 환자에서 발생한 인공판막 심내막염에 대하여 재수술을 시행한 예를 보고한다. 환자는 술 전 심초음파 소견상 1cm크기의 판막하 농양을 동반한 대동맥 판막륜 농양과 승모판 Vegetation 및 섬유체 결손을 보였다. 심부전 소견이 심하여 응급수술을 시행하였다. 두개의 소 심낭 패취를 이용하여 절재된 대동맥판과 승모판의 판륜 및 섬유체를 재건한 다음 기계판막을 대치하였다. 술 후 심초음파 소견상 판막주위 누출은 없었다. 현재 특별한 합병증 없이 통원 치료 중이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.502-506
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• 2000

Background: Anticoagulant therapy can be required during pregnancy with prosthetic heart valves. Warfarin and heparin provide real protection against thromboembolic phenomena, but they also carry serious risks for the fetus and the mother. In an attempt to identify the best treatment for pregnant women with cardiac valve prostheses who are receiving anticoagulant, we studied 19 pregnancies, the warfarin was discontinued and heparin was administered every 12 hours by subcutaneous injection in doses adjusted to keep the midinterval aPTT in the therapeutic range(at least 2-2.5 control) from the conception to the 12th week of gestation and oral antiocagulant was then administered until the middle of the third trimester in the therapeutic range(at least 2 INR), and heparin therapy was restared until delivery. Also in order to avoid an anticoagulant effect during delivery, it has been our practice to instruct women to either discontinue their heparin injections with the onset of labur or to stop heparin injections 12 hours prior to the elective induction of labour. Result: The outcome of 19 pregnancies managed with above protocol was spontaneous abortion in 3 cases, voluntary termination in 2 cases, premature delivery at 35 weeks in 1 case and delivery at full-term in 14 cases. There was no maternal morbidity and moratality and fetopathy. Conclusion: We conclude that in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, warfarin provide effective protection against thromboembolism, Oral antiocagulant therapy should be avoided in 2 weeks before delivery because of the risk of serious perinatal bleeding caused by the trauma of delivery to the anticoagulated fetus. However, the substitution of heparin at first trimester and 2 weeks before delivery reduce the incidence of complications.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.258-263
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• 2016

Background: The advantages of using a homograft in valve replacement surgery are the excellent hemodynamic profile, low risk of thromboembolism, and low risk of prosthetic valve infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of homograft implantation in the aortic valve position. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 33 patients (>20 years old) who underwent aortic valve replacement or root replacement with homografts between April 1995 and May 2015. Valves were collected within 24 hours from explanted hearts of heart transplant recipients (<60 years) and organ donors who were not suitable for heart transplantation. The median follow-up duration was 35.6 months (range, 0 to 168 months). Results: Aortic homografts were used in all patients. The 30-day mortality rate was 9.1%. The 1- and 5-year survival rates were $80.0%{\pm}7.3%$ and $60.8%{\pm}10.1%$, respectively. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year freedom from reoperation rates were $92.3%{\pm}5.2%$, $68.9%{\pm}10.2%$, and $50.3%{\pm}13.6%$, respectively. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year freedom from significant aortic dysfunction rates were $91.7%{\pm}8.0%$, $41.7%{\pm}14.2%$, and $25.0%{\pm}12.5%$, respectively. Conclusion: Homografts had the advantages of a good hemodynamic profile and low risk of thromboembolic events, and with good outcomes in cases of aortitis.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2015

참붕어 심장의 조직학적 구조를 광학현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 참붕어의 심장은 정맥동, 심방, 심실 및 동맥구가 연속적으로 배열되어 있었다. 정맥동은 조직학적으로 심내막, 심근층, 심외막층으로 구분되었고, 심방과 심실은 심내막, 심내막하층, 심외막하층 및 심외막으로 구분되었으며, 동맥구는 심내막, 심내막하층, 중간층, 심외막하층 및 심외막으로 구분되었다. 정맥동과 심방, 심방과 심실 및 심실과 동맥구 사이에는 판막이 존재하였다. 정맥동은 대부분 아교질로 구성된 외벽을 가지고 있었으며 정맥동과 심방의 연결부위에는 고리 모양의 조직이 분포하였다. 심방은 얇은 심근층에 의해서 형성된 비연속적인 테두리가 소주들에 의해 형성된 해면성 심근을 둘러싸고 있었고, 심외막하층과 소주에는 아교질이 분포하였다. 심실의 심근층은 해면성 심근으로 이루어져 있고, 심외막하층에는 혈관이 분포하였으며, 심실의 심외막하층과 소주에는 아교질이 분포하였다. 동맥구에서 심내막하층에 의해 형성된 이랑은 직경과 길이가 매우 다양했고, 심내막 세포는 볼록한 모양이었으며, 심내막하층의 세포들은 불규칙한 모양이었으나 무리를 지어 분포하지는 않았다. 중간층의 세포들은 배열방향이 다르게 불규칙한 층을 이루었고, 심외막하층에서는 서로 다른 모양의 세포들이 관찰되었다. 동맥구의 심내막하층, 중간층 및 심외막하층에는 아교질과 탄력소가 풍부하였고, 심외막은 한 층의 편평한 세포들로 이루어져 있었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.234-236
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• 2016

A 14 kg, 9-year-old, spayed female, Cocker Spaniel was presented to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University with a history of head tilt and circling. Otitis externa and media were diagnosed by computerized tomography, and total ear canal ablation was performed. In preanesthetic evaluation, systemic hypertension and second-degree atrioventricular block were observed, but there was no regurgitation through the heart valves. Systemic hypertension was managed with amlodipine (0.1 mg/kg, PO, BID) for the anesthesia. The dog was premedicated with cefazolin (22 mg/kg, IV) and midazolam (0.2 mg/kg, IV). Anesthesia was induced with alfaxalone (2 mg/kg, IV) and maintained with isoflurane and 100% oxygen following intubation. During surgery, vital signs (heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, end tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure and body temperature) were maintained within normal ranges, but bradycardia was observed and corrected with glycopyrrolate (5 ug/kg IV, twice). During subcuticular suture, electrohemostasis was applied at the incision line, which was close to the trigeminal nerve. In no time at all, heart rate dramatically decreased from 110 to 60 beats per minute. No additional treatment was done because mean blood pressure was maintained above 70 mmHg. The heart rate recovered according to the decrease of end tidal isoflurane concentration and there were no complications associated with the anesthesia and surgery. Sudden bradycardia after electrical stimulation around the trigeminal nerve was considered as trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR). It is recommended to be careful of bradycardia from TCR when electrocautery is used in the craniofacial area during surgery.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.584-592
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• 2020

본 연구는 와파린 약물 관련 지식, 자기효능감, 약물복용이행도의 관계를 파악하여 와파린 약물복용이행도를 높일 수 있는 교육의 필요성을 강조하고 효율적인 맞춤형 간호중재 프로그램 개발에 도움이 되고자 시행하였다. 연구방법은 서술적 상관관계 연구로 2018년 2월 21일부터 9월 30일까지 20세 이상의 성인을 대상으로 심장판막 수술을 받고 와파린을 복용한지 6개월 이상 된 외래 통원치료 환자를 대상으로 이루어졌다. 연구결과 와파린 약물관련 지식과 약물복용이행도에서 유의한 상관관계(r=.285, p=.004)를 보였다. 70세 미만에서 약물복용이행도는 와파린 약물관련 지식(r=.250, p=.046)과 자기효능감(r=.292, p=.019)에서 각각 양의 상관관계를 보였고, 70세 이상에서 약물복용이행도는 와파린 약물관련 지식(r=.358, p=.032)과 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있었다. 또한 약물복용이행도의 차이에서 70세 미만(7.24±1.30)과 70세 이상(7.09±1.00)에서 연령과 상관없이 큰 차이가 없었는데, 이는 고령화에도 불구하고 약물복용이행이 비슷한 수준으로 잘 유지된 것으로 볼 수 있어 어떤 요소가 70세 이상의 고령 환자의 약물복용이행도를 높게 유지하는 지 후속연구가 필요하겠다. 따라서 약물복용이행도를 향상시키기 위해서는 간호 교육 측면으로 1:1개별 교육프로그램, 코칭 프로그램을 개발하고, 간호 연구 측면으로 각 분야의 다양한 전문가가 연계되어 와파린 복용 교육에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 또한 시각적 측면으로 약물 교육에 대한 멀티미디어 효과에 대한 연구를 제언한다.