• BMB Reports
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.12-16
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• 1995

The branched-chain ${\alpha}$-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKAD) complex is a rate limiting enzyme which catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of branched-chain ${\alpha}$-keto acids. Numerous studies have suggested that BCKAD is subject to covalent modification in vitro via phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, which are catalyzed by a specific kinase and phosphatase, respectively. The biggest difficulty in the assay of BCKAD activity is to arrest the interconversion between the active and inactive forms. BCKAD activity was determined from fresh rat heart and liver tissues using homogenizing and assay buffers containing inhibitors of phosphatase and kinase. The results suggest that a radiochemical assay using ${\alpha}$-keto[1-$^{14}C$]-isovalerate as a substrate for the enzyme can be applied as a reliable method to determine in vitro enzyme activity with arrested interconversion between the active and inactive forms of the BCKAD complex.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.323-336
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• 2001

Acontii Tuber is very toxious material, but In oriental medicine frequently used for emergency state like shock, coma, and severe pain and author study about Acontii Tuber in Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun(方藥合編). Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun(方藥合編) is widely used for clinical herbal prescpition book. Acontii Tuber has alkaloid. this chemical compound make toxious state like arrythmia, heart arrest, weakness, numbness, itching. And using this material must be careful. In Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun(方藥合編) Acontii Tuber is used 1.2g ~ 12g. and it decrease pain, inflammation, increase activity of heart, and Acontii Tuber' commom use is severe pain disease. Raw Acontii Tuber(生附子) is rarely used, mostly roasted Acontii Tuber. In case of Acontii Tuber toxic state, in oriental medicine Gam-du-tang(甘豆湯) & Go-sam(苦蔘) is used, in western medicine atropine & lidocane is used.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.772-777
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• 1988

Because of increasing myocardial damage by normothermic arrest, most of cardiac surgeons now uses many kinds of method reducing myocardial injury, such as systemic hypothermia, topical cooling and cold cardioplegic solutions. And phrenic nerve paralysis has been reported with the use of iced slush for topical cooling. So we reviewed the preoperative and postoperative chest X-rays of 54 patients undergoing open heart surgery with the use of iced slush for topical cooling to find phrenic nerve paralysis. Four of 54 patients were known to have phrenic nerve paralysis. The first time known to develop phrenic nerve paralysis was from POD 4 1 day to POD 4 3 day and the phrenic nerve paralysis resolved within a month postoperatively except one. A patient have had phrenic nerve paralysis persistently over 7 months. And the effect of unilateral phrenic nerve paralysis was of no clinical significance.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2005

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac rhythm disturbance, which carries significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The medical treatment for AF is cumbersome and unsatisfactory, which has highlighted the need to develop alternative treatments for AF. The recent discovery that AF is often initiated by atrial ectopic beats has resulted in treatments designed to target the ectopic sources, particularly those within the pulmonary veins. Building on the pioneering work of Cox et al., a recent reported series demonstrated the feasibility of treating patients undergoing cardiac surgery for other structural heart diseases with limited, left-atrial ablation lesion sets using alternative energy sources. As less complex modifications of the Maze procedure have been developed, a number of energy sources have been introduced to create of electrically isolating lesions within the atria. These sources have been used both endocardially in arrest heart procedures as well as epicardially in a beating heart setting. This review summarizes the recent advances in surgery for AF that will aid in the development of an effective, minimally invasive surgical procedure to cure patients with AF.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.480-483
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• 1999

심폐바이패스와 심정지액을 이용하여 심장을 완전히 정지시킨 상태에서 원위부 관상동맥 문합을 시행하는 방법이 현재 관상동맥우회술에서 널리 사용되고 있다. 하지만, 심정지액을 이용한 심정지하의 관상동맥우회술은, 특히 고위험군 환자에서 수술중 심근의 허혈성 손상을 완전히 배제하지는 못하고 있다. 이런 측면에서 볼 때, 심폐바이패스를 사용치 않는 방법이 관상동맥우회술중 심근의 허혈성 손상을 방지하고 심폐바이패스의 합병증을 줄이기 위한 이상적인 방법이라 할 수 있겠지만, 이는 기술적으로 항상 가능한 것은 아니다. 이에 저자들은 좌심실 구출률이 25%로 좌심실 기능 저하가 심했던 경우와, 경피적 관상동맥확장술 중에 심인성 쇼크가 초래된 경우 등의 고위험군 환자에서 시행한 심폐바이패스하의 심박동상태에서의 관상동맥우회술 2례를 보고하는 바이다

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.97-101
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• 1983

The steadily increasing number of operations performed on the heart has given rise to occasional complications involving the nervous system, and this has been interested to cardiac surgeons and neurologists. This survey has been carried out on all Gases submitted to open heart surgery at Seoul National University Hospital during 1982 to determine which operative features were associated with the occurrence of neurological damage. 514 subjects were studied and neurological damage was noted in twenty-five patients [4.9%]. Eight of these 25 patients died in the postoperative period, but neurological damage contributed to the fatal outcome in six cases. Remaining seventeen patients were discharged without problems except one Cortical blindness and one hemiplegic patients who were survived without other problems . A number of features were found to be related to the development of neurological damage, which were age, duration of perfusion, nature of operation, cardiac rhythm and presence of the thrombi or calcification and hypothermic arrest. But many unknown etiological factors are remained out of our sight. A significant increase in the incidence of neurological damage was shown in older age group [13.3% in over 40 year of age], and also the duration of the bypass was associated with subsequent neurological injury especially more than 120 minutes [11.6%]. The presence of atrial fibrillation with intracardiac thrombi or calcification was also a contributing factor to developing neurological complication [16.7%]. These factors were regarded to influence the postoperative neurological complications and more effective method for prevention of these neurologic complication should be studied.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제14권1_2호
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• pp.41-46
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• 1978

The effects of sodium taurocholate(STC) and sodium deoxycholate(SDC) on cardiac function were examined by using isolated atria of rabbit and guinea pig and heart of anesthetized frog. Also the antiarrythmic action of STC and SDC on atrial arrhythmias induced by epinephrine or ouabain was studied. The results were following. The cholates exhibited a slight decrease in rate and contractile amplitude of the isolated rabbit atria. The cholates abolished partially the spontaneous arrhythmic occurring in isolated rabbit and guinea pig atria but no effect on the atrial arrhythmia induced by ouabain and epinephrine was observed. Concomitant administration of cholates with ouabain produced a marked prolongation of atrial arrhythmia in comparison to that of ouabain alone in both isolated rabbit and guinea pig atria. The cholates exhibited a marked prolongation in ventricular arrhythmia and cardiac arrest time in comparison to that of ouabain treatment. However, the combined treatment with cholates and ouabain produced a slight prolongation in comparison to that of ouabain alone in the heart of anesthetized frog. The above results suggest that cholates have a slight antiarrythmic effect on the heart but this effectiveness is different from those of propranolol that is non-selective antiarrhythmic drug.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.129-132
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• 2009

저자들은 청색증과 끙끙거림, 심비대로 전원되어 심장 초음파 검사에서 좌심실에 발생한 단독 심실 비치밀화증을 가진 신생아 1예를 경험하였다. 환자에서 측정한 NT pro-BNP는 높았고, 수유 곤란과 빈호흡을 동반한 심부전 증상이 있었다. 심부전증에 대한 치료에도 불구하고 주기적으로 시행한 NT pro-BNP가 더 높아지면서 환자에게서 급성 심정지가 발생하였고, 심폐소생술 이후 NT pro-BNP가 다시 낮아지면서 심부전 등의 증상은 호전을 보였다. 심초음파 검사와 함께 NT pro-BNP를 주기적으로 검사해 보는 것이 병의 경과를 예측하는데 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.381-387
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• 1981

Fourteen Infants with congenital cardiac anomalies underwent primary surgical Intervention within the first 12 months of life. There were eight patients with ventricular septal defect, two with total anomalous pulmonary venous return [TAPVR], and the remainders with tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great arteries [d-TGA], Taussing-Bing malformation, and coronary A-V fistula. The age of the patients ranged from 5 to 12 months, with a mean age of 9.9 months. The mean weight was 6.7 Kg [3.8 to 9.5 KS]. Congestive heart failure persisting despite intensive medical treatment was present In 8 patients [56%], and was the most common indication for operation. Early operation was necessary in 5 of these patients [35%], because of failure to thrive and recurrent pulmonary infection. In one patient with TOF, frequent hypoxic spell prompted the necessity for early operation. In cases of VSD, TAP. VR, TOF, and coronary A-V fistula, Intracardiac repair was done with conventional cardiopulmonary bypass, chemical cold cardioplegia, and topical myocardial cooling. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with surface induced cooling, followed by core cooling and core rewarming, was employed .for better exposure in the cases of d-TGA and Taussing-Bing malformation. The results were however, not satisfactory. The overall mortality was 28 per cent. There were no deaths in the eight patients with VSD. The one with coronary A-V fistula survived. The other 5 cases all expired either on the table or immediately after operation. The non-fatal post-operative complications included low cardiac output, respiratory insufficiency, bleeding, and temporary A-V block. The causes of death were prolonged circulatory arrest time in d-TGA, complete A-V block and low cardiac output in TOF and Taussing-Bing malformation and prolonged bypass time and Inadequate correction in TAPVR.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.388-398
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• 1981

Fourteen Infants with congenital cardiac anomalies underwent primary surgical Intervention within the first 12 months of life. There were eight patients with ventricular septal defect, two with total anomalous pulmonary venous return [TAPVR], and the remainders with tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great arteries [d-TGA], Taussing-Bing malformation, and coronary A-V fistula. The age of the patients ranged from 5 to 12 months, with a mean age of 9.9 months. The mean weight was 6.7 Kg [3.8 to 9.5 KS]. Congestive heart failure persisting despite intensive medical treatment was present In 8 patients [56%], and was the most common indication for operation. Early operation was necessary in 5 of these patients [35%], because of failure to thrive and recurrent pulmonary infection. In one patient with TOF, frequent hypoxic spell prompted the necessity for early operation. In cases of VSD, TAP. VR, TOF, and coronary A-V fistula, Intracardiac repair was done with conventional cardiopulmonary bypass, chemical cold cardioplegia, and topical myocardial cooling. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with surface induced cooling, followed by core cooling and core rewarming, was employed .for better exposure in the cases of d-TGA and Taussing-Bing malformation. The results were however, not satisfactory. The overall mortality was 28 per cent. There were no deaths in the eight patients with VSD. The one with coronary A-V fistula survived. The other 5 cases all expired either on the table or immediately after operation. The non-fatal post-operative complications included low cardiac output, respiratory insufficiency, bleeding, and temporary A-V block. The causes of death were prolonged circulatory arrest time in d-TGA, complete A-V block and low cardiac output in TOF and Taussing-Bing malformation and prolonged bypass time and Inadequate correction in TAPVR.