• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2023

Objectives : Biofeedback is a useful non-pharmacological treatment for panic disorder (PD), but no studies have identified physiological markers related to the treatment response. This study investigated predictors of the treatment response for biofeedback in patients with PD. Methods : A retrospective study based on the electronic medical records of 372 adult patients with PD was performed. Patients received biofeedback treatment at least once, and physiological markers including heart rate, heart rate variability, respiratory rate, skin conductance, skin temperature, and electromyography were collected before the treatment began. The patients were classified as responders or non-responders based on the change in Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) score. Results : The response rate to biofeedback treatment was 30.4%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that a higher CGI-S score at baseline and fewer benzodiazepine prescriptions were associated with a better response to biofeedback treatment. According to subgroup analyses, the baseline CGI-S score, dose of benzodiazepines, and skin conductance are candidate predictors of the response to biofeedback treatment in men, while only baseline disease severity was associated with the treatment response in women. Conclusions : The present results suggest that skin conductance may be target marker and predictor for biofeedback in male patients with PD.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.67 no.6
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• pp.794-798
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• 2018

There is a growing need for a care system that can continuously monitor, manage and effectively relieve stress for modern people. In recent years, mobile healthcare devices capable of measuring heart rate have become popular, and many stress monitoring techniques using heart rate variability analysis have been actively proposed and commercialized. In addition, respiratory biofeedback methods are used to provide stress relieving services in environments using mobile healthcare devices. In this case, breathing information should be measured well to assess whether the user is doing well in biofeedback training. In this study, we extracted the heart beat interval signal from the PPG and used the oscillator based notch filter based on the IIR band pass filter to track the strongest frequency in the heart beat interval signal. The respiration signal was then estimated by filtering the heart beat interval signal with this frequency as the center frequency. Experimental results showed that the number of breathing could be measured accurately when the subject was guided to take a deep breath. Also, in the timeing measurement of inspiration and expiration, a time delay of about 1 second occurred. It is expected that this will provide a respiratory biofeedback service that can assess whether or not breathing exercise are performed well.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2006

Biofeedback training to increase the amplitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia(RSA) maximally increases the amplitude of heart rate variability(HRV) only in respiratory rate at approximately 0.1Hz. To perform this task, people slow their breathing to this rate to point where resonance occur between respiratory sinus arrhythmia(RSA) and oscillation that naturally occur at this rate, probably triggered in part by baroreflex activity. The biofeedback technique allows each individual to breathe at a rate that is specifically adapted to the rhythms of his or her own body. A manual is presented for carrying out this method.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.1906-1908
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• 2007

This study describes a software engine that can evaluate human sensibility using a heart rate variable(HRV) of hypochodriac or old people, and suggest biofeedback to enhance their emotion. To develop the software engine, using PPG signal heart rate and HRV are calculated. Using the FFT spectra of HRV, human sensibility is estimated. And a biofeedback software is designed with motion image player, breathing control and other function modules.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.469-484
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of arousal control training conjugated heart rate biofeedback for national substitute three archery players. The arousal control training programs was developed on previous researches and 3 archery experts and 1 sport psychologist had meetings. The training programs contained as orientation, breathing regulation, progressive relaxation technique, heart rate biofeedback, cognitive restructuring, routine and consisted of 24 weeks. XCOACH was utilized as heart rate biofeedback instrument. The effects was examined on competitive state anxiety inventory-2, archery score and ranking, observation, interviews and self assessment. As the results, the score of subfactor was improved on somatic state anxiety, cognitive state anxiety and self-confidence. As the results of observation, interviews and self assessment, the ability of arousal control was enhanced by using effective psychological skills conjugated heart rate biofeedback.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.251-256
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• 2024

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to report the short-term blood pressure-lowering effects observed in a patient with malignant hypertension through slow breathing maneuver with heart rate variability(HRV) biofeedback. Methods: Biofeedback sessions, totaling 13, each lasting 10 minutes, were administered. Blood pressure was measured pre and post-treatment, as well as thrice daily at 10 am, 4 pm, and 8 pm. Systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), and pulse rate were recorded for comparative analysis. Results: Before biofeedback, the average SBP, DBP, and pulse rate were 227.2±18.3, 135.2±11.0, and 104.4±5.3, respectively. Immediately post-biofeedback, these values changed to 213.7±15.2, 126.9±8.5, and 99.2±3.6. However, sustained long-term blood pressure reduction was not observed. Conclusions: The findings suggest that biofeedback therapy induces a short-term reduction in blood pressure in cases of malignant hypertension, potentially associated with autonomic nervous system regulation. Integrating biofeedback with other Korean medicine treatments, such as acupuncture or moxibustion, may offer a comprehensive approach for managing malignant hypertension.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-31
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• 2011

Objective : The study aims to investigate the effect of moxibustion treatments on autonomic nervous system function of cancer patients through the evaluation of heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback testing. Materials and Methods : Six cancer patients from inpatient care unit of Dunsan Oriental Hospital, Daejeon University were given three moxibustion treatment sessions every other day over one week period on five Oriental Medicine meridian points CV4, CV6, CV12, KD1, and PC8. HRV biofeedback was conducted before and after each treatment sessions. Three areas of analyses were done from the test conducted; Time Domain Analysis, Frequency Domain Analysis and Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) balance analysis. Results : Time Domain Analysis has shown increased Standard Deviation of all Normal R-R Intervals (SDNN), and decreased Mean Heart Rate and Physical Stress Index (PSI) levels, with statistical significance (P<0.05). In Frequency Domain Analysis, series of moxa treatments have increased Total Power (TP), Very Low Frequency Oscillation Power (VLF), High Frequency Oscillation Power (HF), normalized HF values while decreasing Low Frequency Oscillation Power (LF), normalized LF and LF/HF ratio with statistical significance (P<0.05). The values of ANS activity, ANS balance, Stress resistance, Stress index, have also shown significant changes. For cardiac stability stroke volume power (SP) and Blood Vessel Tension (BVT) were followed, which were both increased after treatment. All changes were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion : The results have shown a positive correlation between the moxibustion treatments and autonomic nervous system responses on cancer patients through the HRV biofeedback testing. This study suggests possible application of moxibustion treatments for managing ANS functions of cancer patients, although additional studies with larger population are necessary to confirm the data.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.1087-1094
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• 2008

This study describes a system for human sensibility evaluation using PPG(photoplethysmogram) signal and biofeedback algorithm to respond the bad(negative) mood. For this objective, PPG signals for two emotional states(positive/negative) are collected. To evoke the test emotions, happy(or joyful) and sad(or irritating) movie files are collected and played in subjects' monitor. From the acquired PPG signal, the heart rate variability(HRV) is calculated. Using the HRV and its FFT spectra, the human sensibility is evaluated. Since the heart is a representative organ which is controlled by the autonomic nervous system(ANS), the ANS may reflect the changes in emotion. The biofeedback algorithm is designed with motion image player interacting with the results of the sensibility evaluation. It was shown that HRV was changed according to the subject's emotions. Accordingly, the sensibility evaluation test showed feasibility of the our method.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.2010-2012
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• 2008

This study describes a system for human sensibility evaluation using PPG(photoplethysmogram) signal and biofeedback algorithm to respond the bad(negative) mood. For this objective, PPG signals for two emotional states(positive/negative) are collected. To evoke the test emotions, happy(or joyful) and sad(or irritating) movie files are collected and played in subjects' monitor. From the acquired PPG signal, the heart rate variability(HRV) is calculated. Using the HRV and its FFT spectra, the human sensibility is evaluated. Since the heart is a representative organ which is controlled by the autonomic nervous system(ANS), the ANS may reflect the changes in emotion. The biofeedback algorithm is designed with motion image player interacting with the results of the sensibility evaluation. It was shown that HRV was changed according to the subject's emotions. Accordingly, the sensibility evaluation test showed feasibility of the our method.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.191-198
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• 1999

Biofeedback training is one of physiological self control methods for patients who has psychological problem and rehabilitational problem. It has been used to control blood pressure, heart rate, peripheral temperature, respiration, electromyography (ENG), and other biological signals-ENG, respiration, heat rate, peripheral temperature, skin conductance level-was developed in house. We applied this system to alcohol dependent patients to perform biofeedback training. In this experiment, the relaxation biofeedback training for alcohol dependent patient was carried out and the tension state for the change of biological signals were estimated using the fuzzy theory after relaxation biofeenback training. Eight alcohol dependent patients were agreed to participate in this experiment. Result showed that 1) the tension degree of patients were higher than the tension degree of normal subject. 2) The tension degree of patients were decreased as the training numbers were increased.