• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.74-80
• /
• 2015

Skin is the soft outer covering of vertebrates that provides protection from pathogenic infection, physical damage, or UV irradiation, and controls body temperature and water content. In this study, we examined the effects of oral intake of kimchi-derived Lactobacillus plantarum K8 lysates on skin moisturizing. In an in vitro study, we observed that the hyaluronic acid content increased in HaCaT cells treated with L. plantarum K8 lysates. Oral administration of L. plantarum K8 lysates effectively attenuated the horny layer formation and decreased epidermal thickening in DNCB-treated SKH-1 hairless mice skin. The damage to barrier function was reduced after 8 weeks of oral administration of L. plantarum K8 lysates as compared with that in the atopic dermatitis mice. For the test with volunteers, we manufactured experimental candy containing 2.1% L. plantarum K8 lysates, while control candy did not contain bacterial lysate. A significant increase in hydration in the experimental candy-administered group as compared with the control candy-administered group was observed on the face after 4 and 8 weeks, and on the forearm after 4 weeks. Decreases in horny layer thickness and TEWL value were observed on the face and forearm of the experimental group. Together, the in vitro cell line and in vivo mouse studies revealed that L. plantarum K8 lysates have a moisturizing effect. A clinical research study with healthy volunteers also showed an improvement in barrier repair and function when volunteers took L. plantarum K8 lysates-containing candy. Thus, our results suggest that L. plantarum K8 lysates may help to improve skin barrier function.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.229-235
• /
• 1992

The bioequivalence of two commercial choline magnesium trisalicylate (CMT) tablets was evaluated in 10 normal male subjects (age 21-27 yr, mean 23 yr) following single oral administrations of two products. Test product was $Trimax^{\circledR}$ tablet (Hyundai Pharm. Ind. Co., Ltd., Korea) and reference product was $Trilisate^{\circledR}$ tablet (Purdue Frederick, U.S.A.). Both products contained 500 mg salicylate. In the study, ten volunteers were administered one tablet of $Trimax^{\circledR}$ or $Trilisate^{\circledR}$ with randomized two period cross-over study. The pharmacokinetic parameters of two products were statistically compared using Student's t-test and ANOVA. When Student's t-test was applied, mean area under the curves (AUC) of $Trilisate^{\circledR}$ and $Trimax^{\circledR}$ were $388.88{\pm}74.99\; {\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml$ and $390.63{\pm}63.02\;{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml$ hrlm!, respectively, which were not significantly different (p>0.05). The mean peak concentrations $(C_{max})$ and mean times to peak $(T_{max})$ of $Trilisate^{\circledR}$ and $Trimax^{\circledR}$ were $71.1{\pm}12.2$ and $72.9{\pm}10.7\;{\mu}g/ml$, and $72{\pm}33$ and $57{\pm}36min$, respectively, which were not significantly different (p>0.05). The mean terminal phase half-lives $(t_{l/2ter})$ of the two products were $2.57{\pm}0.47$ and $2.43{\pm}0.40$ hr, and also they were not significantly different (p>0.05). When ANOVA was applied, the parameters of the two products were not also significantly different each other. Based on the above results, it has been concluded that the bioavailability of $Trimax^{\circledR}$ tablet was not significantly different from that of $Trilisate^{\circledR}$ tablet.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.125-131
• /
• 2010

A bioequivalence study of LANIDIEM$^{(R)}$ tablet 4 mg (Samil. Co., Ltd.) to Vaxar$^{(R)}$ tablet 4 mg (GlaxoSmithKline Co., Ltd.) was conducted according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Forty healthy male Korean volunteers were enrolled in the study and thirty six volunteers completed the study according to the protocol. Thirty six volunteers received each medicine at the lacidipine dose of 4 mg in a $2{\times}2$ crossover study. There was one week wash-out period between the doses. Plasma concentrations of lacidipine were monitored by a high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for over a period of 24 hours after drug administration. $AUC_t$ (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 24 hr) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule method. $C_{max}$ (maximum plasma drug concentration) and $T_{max}$ (time to reach $C_{max}$) were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters indicating that the crossover design was properly performed. The 90% confidence intervals of the $AUC_t$ ratio and the $C_{max}$ ratio for LANIDIEM$^{(R)}$/Vaxar$^{(R)}$ were log 0.8102~log 1.0417 and log 0.8493~log 1.1439, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of log 0.80~log 1.25. Thus, our study demonstrated the bioequivalence of LANIDIEM$^{(R)}$ tablet 4 mg and Vaxar$^{(R)}$ tablet 4 mg with respect to the rate and extent of absorption.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.172-175
• /
• 1999

홍삼액기스의 투여가 에탄올의 곡선하면적(AUC)과 제거속도상수(elimination rate constant)에 미치는 효과에 대하여 웅성 백서 14마리와 건강한 남성 자원자 10명을 대상으로 연구하였다. 백서에게 홍삼액기스 200 mg/kg를 투여하거나 같은 분량의 물을 투여한 후 즉시 $50\%$ 에탄올, 3.2g/kg의 용량을 구강 투여하였다. 에탄올의 곡선하면적(AUC)과 제거속도상수는 홍삼액기스를 투여할 경우 $29.2{\pm}6.2\;g{\cdot}min.{\cdot}dl^-$와, $0.51{\pm}0.06\;mg{\cdot}dl^-{\cdot}min.^-$를 나타내었으며, 홍삼액기스를 투여하지 않을 경우는 각각 $28.0{\pm}5.6\;g{\cdot}min.{\cdot}dl^-$와 $0.5{\pm}0.1\;mg{\cdot}dl^-{\cdot}min.^-$를 나타내었다. 이들 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 또한 인체에서는 일인당 홍삼액기스 3그램을 100 ml의 물에 희석하거나 또는 동일분량의 물을 투여하고 곧 이어서 소주 2.4 m/kg의 용량을 마시게 하였다. 자원자의 에탄올에 대한 곡선하면적과 제거속도상수는 홍삼액기스의 투여군이 $10.6{\pm}2.0\;g{\cdot}min.{\cdot}dl^{-}$와 $0.21{\pm}0.05\;mg{\cdot}dl^-{\cdot}min.^-$를,대조군에서는 $11.0{\pm}2.2\;g{\cdot}min.{\cdot}dl^{-}$와 $0.22{\pm}0.04\;mg{\cdot}dl^-{\cdot}min.^-$를 나타내었으며 역시 두 군간의 차이는 없었다. (평균${\pm}$표준편차) 이런 결과들로 미루어 홍삼액기스의 투여로 에탄올의 약동학에 의미있는 변화를 초래하기란 어려울 것으로 생각된다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.154-169
• /
• 1996

Parish nursing is a community health nursing role developed in 1983 by Lutheran chaplain Granger Westberg. An increasing emphasis on holistic care, personal reseponsibility for a healthy lifestyle, and changes in healthcare delivery systems have undoubtedly facilitated the establishment and nurturance of an innovative nursing role in the community. Parish nurses are functioning in a variety of church congregations of various denominations. The parish nurse is a educator, a personal health counselor, a coordinator of volunteers. The parish nurses helps people relate to the complexed medical care system and assists people to integrate faith and health. The autors conducted a study on pastor's expectations from parish nurses. Results of this study will be useful to those instrumental in planning, initiating, supporting, and evaluating a parish nurses program The research was done on 130 pastors in Taegue and Kyong Sang Buck Do, of various ages ranging from their 20's to 60's: and pastoring churches of various sizes, ranging from under 100 to over 300 members. 94.6% agreed that they needed a parish nurse on their staff; and 86.2% said they wanted to start a parish nurse program in their churches if certain basic conditions were met. The pastors responded that some would hire the nurses on a full-time basis(22.3%), a part -time basis (37.7%) or use volunteer nurses (40%). The pastors said they would expect the following from a parish nurse: health counselling (80.0%) regular health check-ups (78.5%) health care for the elderly (78.5%) health information and education (72.3%) hospice care (72.3%) visiting sick church members at home (69.2%) arranging and training volunteers to help the seek (59.2%) health care for expectant mothers (50.0%) introducing and taking people to health care facilities (46.2%) The pastors were surveyed about specific areas of health education they would want the parish nurse to teach(for example, high blood pressure and heart disease prevention and management(76.2%) ; stress management(74.6%); and diabetes prevention and management(73.8%). The pastors were surveyed about specific areas of health counselling they would expect the parish nurse to do (for example, drug abuse, (73.1), alcohol abuse(64.6%), marriage conflict(60.0%), recovery after the loss of a loved one(56.9%), and women's conflict with parents-in-law(53.8%). The pastors were surveyed about types of things they would want included in regular health check-ups, what they would want a parish nurse to do on home visits, and what they would want included in home care for the elderly. They were also surveyed on what kind of spiritual care they would like parish nurses to give. Most (90.7%) wanted their parish, parishioners to be involved in the parish nurses program as volunteers, and in a variety of ways(such as visiting sick in their homes(68.5%) and helping with housework(63.1%) and taking sick people to health facilities(60%). Parish nurses role, activities, and boundaries of practice should be continuously monitored and refined and a 'case manager' should be conceptualized as an additional or all-encompassing role. An initial parish / community needs and readiness assessment should be done prior to establishing a program to detemine if the congregation is ready, willing, and able to support such a position for at least a 2 to 3 year period.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• 제11권5호
• /
• pp.253-257
• /
• 2011

Background: The active metabolite (1, 25- dihydroxycholecalciferol) of vitamin D (25-hydroxycholecalciferol) leads to activation of macrophages and deficiency of vitamin D seems to be involved in the risk of tuberculosis. The effects of vitamin D are exerted by interaction with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and may be influenced by polymorphism in the VDR gene. In this study, variation in the VDR gene was investigated in Korean population with tuberculosis. Methods: We typed three VDR polymorphisms of restriction endonuclease sites for TaqI, BsmI and FokI in 155 patients with tuberculosis and 105 healthy volunteers. Results: The frequencies of FokI genotypes determined from TB patients were 29.13% for FF, 56.31% for Ff, and 14.56% for ff. We observed 1.4-fold increased prevalence of the Ff genotype in TB patients compared with normal healthy groups (p=0.0857). However, there was no significant association between the genotype groups, TB patient and normal control, for FokI polymorphism. There was also no significant association between VDR gene and tuberculosis in another polymorphism (BsmI and TaqI). Conclusion: Three polymorphisms (TaqI, BsmI and FokI) in the VDR gene do not appear to be responsible for host susceptibility to human tuberculosis in Korean population.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권11호
• /
• pp.5557-5562
• /
• 2012

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and correlation between auto-antibodies to survivin and MUC1 variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) in colorectal cancer (CRC), which can provide valuable information for the design of immunotherapeutic vaccines for this disease. Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to examine the level of auto-antibodies against survivin and MUC1 VNTR in the serum of 135 CRC patients and 95 healthy volunteers. Results: Using mean absorbance + 2 standard deviations (SD) of the healthy samples as a cut-off value, the positive rates of survivin and MUC1 VNTR auto-antibodies in CRC were 31.1% and 18.5%, respectively. Altogether, the survivin and MUC1 VNTR positive samples accounted for 36.3% of the CRC patients, and 7.4% were positive for both. Conclusion: A significant positive correlation was found between levels of specific antibodies against survivin and MUC1 VNTR in the serum of CRC patients (r = 0.3652, P < 0.0001), suggesting that vaccines against both targets would elicit immune responses more effectively.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2009

Objectives : We tried to investigate the effects of Panax Ginseng Radix pharmacopuncture and Zizyphi Spinosi Semen pharmacopuncture on human body with the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in adult man. As well as we tried to investigate how safe Panax Ginseng Radix and Zizyphi Spinosi Semen pharmacopuncture on the the human being. Methods : We investigated on 44 healthy volunteers consisted of 16 subjects in Panax Ginseng Radix pharmacopuncture group, 13 subjects in Zizyphi Spinosi Semen pharmacopuncture group and 15 subjects in Normal Saline. We ruled out subjects who wasn't stable by rest, with in the limit of normal heart beat(60-120cycle/min). Study form was a randomized, clinical trial. Each group was injected Panax Ginseng Radix pharmacopuncture, Zizyphi Spinosi Semen pharmacopuncture and Normal Saline $0.2m{\ell}$ at $GB_{21}$(Kyonjong). We measured HRV on 7 times : before and after injection per 5 minutes during 30 minutes. The SPSS 13.0 for windows was used to analyze the data by the paired t-test(in the group) and Anova test(among the groups) were used to verify the result. Results : 1. After Panax Ginseng Radix pharmacopuncture injection, SDNN was significantly high, pNN50 was significantly low, Ln(TP) was significantly high, Ln(VLF) was significantly high, Ln(LF) was significantly high at 30 minutes. 2. After Zizyphi Spinosi Semen pharmacopuncture injection, Complexity was significantly low, Ln(VLF) was significantly high at 30 minutes. 3. HRV-index made a significant difference between the Zizyphi Spinosi Semen pharmacopuncture and normal saline at 5 minutes(p=0.02). 4. There wasn's any pain the injected region and whole body, rubefaction, uredo, nausea, vomiting, colic, headache, dizziness within 24 hours. Measured data and mean value of Mean-HRV was within normal range. Conclusions : The results suggested that and Panax Ginseng Radix pharmacopuncture in healthy adult man tended to activate the vagus nervous system within normal range.

• 가정과삶의질연구
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.31-49
• /
• 2008

This study has been performed to explore verbal and behavioral expression of sexual desires among male elderly residents who have been living in long tenn care facilities. There are three topics covered in this study; first, in what situations and how seriously do care workers encounter expression of sexual desires of the elderly residents? Second, what kind of negative consequences do they believe those sexual behaviors will lead to? Third, how can we implement defensive measures against the sexual behaviors? In this study, twenty three care workers working full time in five retirement and care facilities were asked about their experience and perception of the above study agendas, and answers of the qualitative interview were drawn as follow; first, the elderly residents apparently show a variety of sexual harassment and provoking behaviors such as sticking to specific women, physically touching and attacking, and induce obscenely activities against female residents, care workers, and volunteer visitors. Second, their sexual behaviors are often influenced by their isolated and abandoned emotionality as well as living situation in rural areas. Third, their sexual behaviors often critically affect care work plan and facility managements by severely discouraging female care givers and community supporters. Therefore in this study, suggestions and defensive measures were made as follows: first, education and counselling programs toward female workers and volunteers need to be developed, and the programs should cover psychological and behavioral mechanism of sexuality in later life. Second, self control plans need to be empowered toward the elderly residents; in the plans, the elderly residents shall be encouraged to evaluate primary cause and proper solutions of sexual behaviors of their peering residents. Third, combination of healthy housing and care facilities for frail elderly need to be integrated in a neighboring location, so that when residents and workers encounter extreme episodes of sexuality of healthy residents in a housing facility, the problematic sexual residents are partially transferred into a neighboring care facility and thereafter other residents and cafe givers are relieved from stressful contacts with the extremely sexual residents.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• 제41권5호
• /
• pp.289-294
• /
• 2011

A rapid and specific high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass (LC/MS/MS) method for the analysis of montelukast in human plasma has been developed and validated. After cold acetonitrile-induced precipitation of the plasma samples, montelukast and glipizide (internal standard, IS) were eluted on a reverse-phase $C_{18}$ column by isocratic mobile phase consisted of 10 mM ammonium formate buffer (adjusted to pH 3.5 with formic acid) and acetonitrile (3:97, v/v). Acquisition was performed with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode by monitoring the transitions: m/z 587.2${\rightarrow}$ 423.2 for montelukast and m/z 446.0${\rightarrow}$321.2 for IS. Ranges of concentration for calibration curves (10-1000 ng/mL) showed correlation coefficients ($r^2$) were better than 0.9948. Precision of intra- and inter-day ranged from 3.70 to 11.68% and from 3.04 to 12.95%, accuracy of intra-day and inter-day ranged from 93.34 to 102.75% and from 100.79 to 107.63%, respectively. The described method provides a fast and sensitive analytical tool for determining montelukast levels in plasma, and was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in 16 healthy human subjects after oral administration of 10mg tablet formulation of montelukast sodium under fasting conditions.