• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.803-811
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Nutrition knowledge has been reported to have a weak positive effect on healthy eating behavior. This study aimed to determine if there was a difference in nutrition knowledge depending on the choice of science subject in high school and whether that affected the actual eating habits of college students in Japan. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were 514 college students, the majority first-year students, in 3 cities in Japan. A questionnaire survey was conducted on elective subjects in science in high school, diet (11 items), lifestyle (5 items), and nutrition knowledge (34 questions). The preliminary survey was conducted on 47 students in the fall of 2019, and the full-scale survey was conducted in May-June and October-November 2021 at the end of lectures for the first-year students. RESULTS: The students in the high-score group (24-31 points, n = 180) had a higher intake of vegetables (odds ratio [OR], 1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-2.82; P = 0.015) and breakfast (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.03-2.60; P = 0.035), and a reduced intake of fast food (OR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.14-0.51; P < 0.001) than those in the low-score group (6-19 points, n = 150). Only the biology and chemistry students had significantly higher nutrition scores than the other groups (all: P < 0.001), but no significant difference was found between the other groups. Understanding nutrition learned in elementary and junior high school is appropriate, while molecular structure, recommended amount, and food poisoning were insufficient. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of nutrition appears to have a positive effect on the actual eating habits of college students. Although biology and chemistry in high school may help students understand the foundations of good nutrition, specialized food education may be required to make informed dietary choices.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.662-665
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• 2008

Takju lees extract is expected to be a promising material for functional food. This study was conducted in order to assess the glycemic index (GI) of Takju lees extract and its effects in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The GI for Takju lees extract was evaluated with 10 healthy young adults (Male 5, Female 5). OGTT was conducted in 20 male db/db mice, fed on a diet containing 2% Takju lees extract for 4 weeks. Those animals were subjected to OGTT after one oral administration of Takju lees extract at 2 g/kg BW. The GI of the Takju lees extract was measured at 97.97. The effects of the Takju lees extract on the oral glucose tolerance test in db/db mice evidenced no differences as compared to the control group. In conclusion, Takju lees extract is a high GI material, and it has no effect on blood glucose levels in a type II diabetic animal model. Further studies will be required to confirm its anti-diabetic effects.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2018

Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease (EGID), a chronic allergic condition characterized by dense infiltration of eosinophils in the digestive tract, is classified into two types, eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), which features dense infiltration of eosinophils in the esophageal epithelial layer, and eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE), in which the entire digestive tract including the esophagus may be involved. Patients with EoE only have esophageal symptoms, since the other parts of the digestive tract are not involved. On the other hand, 80% of EGE patients have lesions in the small intestine. The esophageal epithelial layer in healthy individuals has no or negligible infiltration by eosinophils, while the small intestinal mucosal layer, especially the distal small intestinal mucosa, can show dense eosinophil infiltration even in the absence of disease. Therefore, histological changes observed in cases of EGE are not qualitative but rather quantitative, as compared to EoE, which has qualitative histopathological changes, indicating important pathogenetic differences between the types. Comparisons of clinical, laboratory, and morphological characteristics between EoE and EGE have revealed several interesting differences. Both EoE and EGE patients are frequently affected by atopic diseases, such as bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis, and elevated plasma levels of Th2 type cytokines and chemokines are also similarly seen in both. On the other hand, age at diagnosis differs, as the former is generally found in individuals from 30 to 50 years old, while the latter appears in all age groups. Additionally, 80% of patients with EoE are male as compared to only 50% of those with EGE. Furthermore, approximately 60% of patients with EoE respond favorably to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) administration, whereas EGE patients rarely show a response to PPIs. Nevertheless, both diseases show a similarly favorable response to a six foods elimination diet and glucocorticoid administration. These similarities and differences of EoE and EGE provide important clues for understanding the pathogenesis of these EGID types.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.272-278
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• 2023

Background: Some working conditions may pose a higher physical or psychological demand to pregnant women leading to increased risks of pregnancy complications. Objectives: We assessed the association of woman's employment status and the industrial classification with obstetric complications. Methods: We conducted a national population study using the National Health Information Service database of Republic of Korea. Our analysis encompassed 1,316,310 women who experienced first-order live births in 2010-2019. We collected data on the employment status and the industrial classification of women, as well as their diagnoses of preeclampsia (PE) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) classified as A1 (well controlled by diet) or A2 (requiring medication). We calculated odds ratios (aORs) of complications per employment, and each industrial classification was adjusted for individual risk factors. Results: Most (64.7%) were in employment during pregnancy. Manufacturing (16.4%) and the health and social (16.2%) work represented the most prevalent industries. The health and social work exhibited a higher risk of PE (aOR = 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.21), while the manufacturing industry demonstrated a higher risk of class A2 GDM (1.20, 95% CI: 1.03-1.41) than financial intermediation. When analyzing both classes of GDM, women who worked in public administration and defense/social security showed higher risk of class A1 GDM (1.04, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.07). When comparing high-risk industries with nonemployment, the health and social work showed a comparable risk of PE (1.02, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.07). Conclusion: Employment was associated with overall lower risks of obstetric complications. Health and social service work can counteract the healthy worker effect in relation to PE. This highlights the importance of further elucidating specific occupational risk factors within the high-risk industries.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.218-227
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• 2024

Objective: The aim of this research was to explore the effects of dietary substitution of alfalfa hay by amaranth hay on production performance, rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameters and antioxidant ability in dairy cows. Methods: A total of 45 healthy Holstein cows with same parity and similar milk yield and body weight were randomly divided into 3 groups: control diet without amaranth hay (CON) or 50% and 100% alfalfa hay replaced by an equal amount of amaranth hay (dry matter basis, AH1 and AH2, respectively). All the cows were fed regularly 3 times a day at 06:30, 14:30, and 22:30 and had free access to water. The experiment lasted for 60 d. Results: The dry matter intake of CON and AH1 groups was higher (p<0.05) than that of AH2 group. Compared with AH1 group, the milk yield of AH2 group was reduced (p<0.05). Moreover, dietary substitution of alfalfa hay by amaranth hay increased (p<0.05) milk fat, ammonia nitrogen and acetate concentrations. However, the crude protein digestibility of AH2 group was lower (p<0.05) than that of CON group, while an opposite tendency of serum urea nitrogen was found between two groups. The neutral detergent fiber digestibility of AH1 group was increased (p<0.05) when compared to AH2 group. Amaranth hay treatment increased (p<0.05) the serum concentration of glutathione peroxidase in dairy cows. Compared with CON group, the malonaldehyde activity of AH1 group was decreased (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dietary replacing alfalfa hay with amaranth hay (50% ratio) in dairy cows did not affect production performance but improved their antioxidant ability.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.353-373
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• 2023

Kimchi is a traditional Korean dish made with salted fermented vegetables and contains various nutrients and functional substances with potential health benefits. The fermentation process used to make kimchi creates chemical changes in the food, developing nutrients and functional substances that are more easily absorbed and enhanced by the body. Recent studies have shown that several lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from kimchi exhibit probiotic properties and have several health benefiting properties such as such as anticancer, anti-obesity, and anti-constipation; they also promote colon health and cholesterol reduction in in vitro and in vivo experiments, as well as in epidemiological cohort studies. Kimchi contains prebiotics, non-digestible fibers that nourish beneficial gut bacteria; therefore, its intake effectively provides both probiotics and prebiotics for improved gut health and a fortified gut-derived immune system. Furthermore, fermentation of kimchi produces a variety of metabolites that enhance its functionality. These metabolites include organic acids, enzymes, vitamins, bioactive compounds, bacteriocins, exopolysaccharides, and γ-aminobutyric acid. These diverse health-promoting metabolites are not readily obtainable from single food sources, positioning kimchi as a valuable dietary option for acquiring these essential components. In this review, the health functionalities of kimchi ingredients, lactic acid bacteria strains, and health-promoting metabolites from kimchi are discussed for their properties and roles in kimchi fermentation. In conclusion, consuming kimchi can be beneficial for health. We highlight the benefits of kimchi consumption and establish a rationale for including kimchi in a balanced, healthy diet.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Happiness is an important factor in life, and food literacy (FL) has been emphasized as a core concept for a happy and healthy life. This study examined the level of happiness of Seoul citizens according to their sociodemographic factors and their association with FL. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study used the data from the Seoul Food Survey, a cross-sectional study conducted on 4,039 Seoul citizens from September to October 2021. FL was measured using a validated questionnaire consisting of 33 items from 3 sub-domains: 14 items in the nutrition and safety domain, 8 items in the cultural and relational domain, and 11 items in the socio-ecological domain. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS: Various sociodemographic factors, such as household income, subjective health status, and food insecurity, were found to be associated with the level of happiness. The level of FL was also associated with the happiness scores. After adjusting for variables associated with happiness, the participants with the highest quartile FL scores were 7.32 times more likely to respond that they were happy than those with the lowest FL score. Three FL domains and total FL showed linear increases in overall happiness after controlling for subjective health status and sociodemographic factors (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: After adjusting for the related covariates, higher levels of FL were associated with higher scores in happiness. Based on this study, it would be meaningful to evaluate ways to intervene in FL to improve the level of happiness among the general population.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.125-139
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• 2024

This study assessed the beauty care behavior and the dietary attitudes, eating behaviors, and dietary quality related to beauty care in accordance with the level of interest in beauty care by examining 558 female high school subjects in the Incheon area. The study aimed to identify the interest in beauty care on the part of adolescent girls that impacts their dietary life and provide basic data for nutrition education forming desirable dietary habits. The interest in beauty care on the part of female high school students is relevant to dietary life and dietary attitude, with the high-level interest group attempting to use diet foods more frequently and attempting weight control because of their low satisfaction with their body type. On the other hand, a high level of interest in appearance failed to lead to the practice of a varied and balanced dietary life. Therefore, nutritional education is necessary to avoid a high level of interest in beauty care, leading to an incorrect perception of body shape and excessive weight control. Furthermore, nutrition education is necessary to link interest in appearance to the beauty of a healthy body based on nutritional balance by connecting the interest in appearance to a varied and balanced dietary life that goes beyond the category of practice.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

목 적: 소아에서 대장의 림프 결절 증식은 비교적 드물다고 알려져 있으며 몇 예의 증례 또는 소규모 그룹에 대한 연구만 보고 되어 왔고 임상적인 의의가 아직 확립되어 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 대장에 림프 결절증식 소견을 보였던 환아들의 임상적 특징, 검사 소견 및 조직학적 소견 등을 분석하여 이 소견에 대한 임상적 의의에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 2003년 5월부터 2008년 10월까지 가천의대 길병원 소아청소년과에서 하부 소화관 내시경 검사를 시행 받은 환아들 중 검사 당시 육안적으로 대장의 림프결절 증식 소견을 보였던 38명을 대상으로 하였다. 내시경 검사를 받을 당시 성별, 연령, 출생력, 과거력 및 가족력을 조사하였으며 주 호소와 동반 증상, 식이 방법과 주요 신체 진찰 소견을 확인하였다. 혈액 검사, 대변 검사, 영상학적 검사를 시행하였으며 내시경 검사시 모든 환아에서 조직검사를 시행하여 이를 분석하였다. 내시경 검사 후 단기 및 장기 추적을 통해 증상의 경과를 관찰하였다. 결 과: 총 38명의 환아 중 남아가 24명(63.1%), 여아가 14명(36.9%)이었고 내원 당시 나이는 평균 12.5${\pm}$14.4개월이었으며 12개월 이하의 영아가 28명(73.6%), 13개월 이상의 소아는 10명(26.4%)이었다. 38명 모두 혈변을 주소로 내원하였다. 전체 환아 중 설사가 17명 (44.3%)으로 가장 많이 동반되었으며 점액성 변, 구토, 복통, 경구 섭취 부족, 발열, 변비 등의 동반 증상을 보였다. 모든 환아는 신체 진찰 상 비교적 건강해 보였다. 혈액 검사 상 헤모글로빈, 혈청 알부민, 혈액 응고 검사수치 등은 1예를 제외하고 모두 정상 범위였다. 대변세균 배양 검사, 영상학적 검사상 다른 출혈의 원인은 찾을 수 없었다. 조직검사 상 36예(94.7%)에서 림프 소절이 확인되었으며 34예(84.5%)에서 알레르기성 대장염의 조직학적 기준을 만족하였다. 단기 경과 추적이 가능했던 25명 중 20명에서 증상이 소실되었으며 장기경과 추적이 가능했던 33명 모두에서 증상이 호전되고 재발하지 않았다. 결 론: 대장의 림프 결절 증식 소견은 알레르기성 대장염과 관련하여 영아에서 더 흔하지만 소아 전 연령대에서 나타날 수 있다. 특히 비교적 건강한 소아에서 다른 하부 위장관 출혈의 원인을 찾을 수 없고 내시경상 LNHC를 보이면 이를 하나의 진단으로 간주할 수 있을 것이다. 증상은 식이 변경과 상관 없이 소실되었고 장기간 추적 관찰에서 재발하지 않아 양성 질환임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.742-755
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• 2023

본 연구는 한국 성인을 대상으로 한국인을 위한 식생활지침에 대한 인식 수준을 파악하고, 이러한 인식 수준이 인구사회학적 요인 및 생활습관에 따라 차이가 있는지 확인하고자 수행되었다. 식생활지침에 대한 인지도는 연령이 높고 (50-64세), 거주형태가 1인 가구이며, 신체활동 수준이 활동적이고, 외식빈도가 적고, 식생활 정보에 대한 관심이 높은 참여자에서 유의하게 높았으며, 식생활지침에 대한 이해도는 여성, 젊은 연령 (19-29세), 저체중/정상체중, 현재 비흡연자, 스스로의 식사의 질을 건강하다고 평가한 참여자, 식생활 정보에 대한 관심이 높은 참여자에서 유의하게 높았다. 식생활지침의 활용가능도는 연령이 높고 (50-64세), 신체활동 수준이 활동적이고, 스스로의 식사의 질을 건강하다고 평가했으며, 식생활 정보에 대한 관심이 높은 참여자에서 유의하게 높았다. 또한 식생활지침에 대한 인식 수준이 높은 참여자가 대부분의 영양소와 식품군을 더 중요하다고 평가했으며, 인식 수준에 상관없이 가공육류 및 기타 가공식품류, 음료류, 주류에 대한 중요도 점수가 낮았다. 이러한 결과는 식생활지침에 대한 인식과 활용을 증진시키기 위해선 다양한 인구사회학적 및 생활습관 요인에 대한 고려가 필요하며, 추후 식생활지침을 개정할 때에는 우리나라 국민의 식생활 트랜드를 반영할 필요가 있음을 시사한다.