• 한국의류학회지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1554-1561
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• 2004

골퍼들은 레저활동의 특성상 장시간 자외선에 노출이 되므로 피부 보호를 위한 햇빛 노출 예방에 대한 관심이 미국에서 고조되고 있다. 본 연구는 자외선 차단의복을 예방혁신제품으로 하여, 제품의 인지된 속성이 잠재적 소비자의 수용의도에 미치는 영향을 Rogers의 혁신확산이론에 비추어 연구하였다. 또한 혁신제품이 건강관련 제품이므로, 수용의도에 미치는 골퍼들의 현재 자외선 차단행동의 영향을 고찰하였다. 임의 표집 방법을 이용, 미국내 골퍼들을 표본으로 하여 설문지 조사법으로 자료를 수집하였다. 최종 158 명의 응답자 중 $91\%$가 남성골퍼 였으며, 평균나이는 30세 였다. 응답자의 $25\%$정도만이 피부노출 방지를 위한 차단행동을 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 대부분의 응답자들은(약$70\%$) 자외선 차단의복 특성에 대해 부정적인 태도를 보였다. 현재의 자외선 차단 행동 및 인지된 다섯개의 혁신속성을 회귀분석법으로 측정한 결과, 시용의 용이성, 자외선 차단 행동, 일치성, 상대적 우월성 순으로 자외선 차단 의복 수용의도를 예측하는데 중요한 변인으로 나타났다. 피부보호와 관련된 예방혁신제품의 수용정도는 현재의 자외선차단 행동이 영향을 주며, 또한 제품의 외관적, 성능적 속성들도 일반 의류제품과 마찬가지로 소비자의 제품 수용시 고려되는 중요한 변인임을 알수 있다.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.107-121
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify how nurse's image was perceived by nursing college students. The subjects included were 315 students experienced clinical practice during $20{\sim}22$ weeks and 134 students not with a total of 449 nursing students in Gwangju and Chonnam. The data were collected from November 21 to December 5, 2001 by the structured questionnaires. The research tool was measured by 30 items divided into four dimensions; traditional, professional, social and personal image of nurse. Cronbach $\alpha$ for the tool of nurse's image was 0.8960. The data were analysed by SPSS 8.0 for Windows program using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA and scheffe. The results of this study were as follows; 1. In the nurse's image related to general characteristics, there were significant differences for school graduation, applicative motivation, interpersonal relationship and image forming factor. 2. In the Image forming factors, nursing college students perceived the nurse's image by visiting hospital or admission(37.9%), watching TV(25.8) and others; nurses' appearance during clinical experience(16.3). 3. The mean score for nurse's image of clinical experience group (2.76$\pm$0.28) was lower than that of non-clinical experience group(2.89$\pm$0.31) in significance (t=4.319, p=0.000). 4. In the nurse's image according to clinical experience, there were significant differences for traditional, professional, social, personal image between two groups and the lower mean scores were found in the clinical experience group in all dimensions. The ranks of dimensions were professional image(3.08), traditional image(2.76), social image(2.65), the personal image(2.59) in clinical experience group, whereas professional image(3.21), traditional image(2.93), social image(2.75), personal image(2.71) for non-clinical experience group.5. The high score items of nurse's image were 'worthwhile work(3.48)', 'always working hard(3.30)', 'profession(3.17)', 'strong responsibility toward work(3.08)', 'have a high technical skill(3.05)' in clinical experience group and 'worthwhile work(3.69)', 'always working hard(3.28)', 'clean and decent(3.22)', 'profession(3.21)', 'have a bountiful professional knowledge(3.18)' in non-clinical experience group. 6. The highest mean score for nurse's image related to the image forming factors was 86.8 by novels or literature and the second highest was 84.3 by visiting hospital or admission. And others(mean=82.1)was the most negative nurse's image by clinical experience. In conclusion, nurse's image perceived by nursing college students will be the mirror of themselves. And clinical experience will be the important opportunity to form the professional image with white uniformed nurses in future. Therefore it is important for clinical nurses to play professional roles rightly so that nursing students could form positive nurse's image.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

도시공원은 복잡하고 과밀한 도시에서 도시민들에게 생태적 가치뿐만 아니라, 사회문화적 가치가 있는 중요한 시설이자 공간이다. 하지만, 도시공원을 조성하고 유지관리하기 위해서는 다양한 주체의 의지와 실행이 필요하며, 특히 재정적인 부분이 뒷받침되어야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 서울시를 대상으로 도시공원 조성 관련 예산분석을 진행하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 서울시 예산은 지속적으로 증가한 반면, 푸른도시국 및 공원 조성 예산은 2011년 이후 감소하였다. 민선시기별로 보면 공원조성이 주요 시책사업이었던 민선 1기, 3기, 4기에는 예산이 증가한 반면, 민선 6기 이후부터는 예산이 급격하게 감소하였다. 시공원에 비해 자치구에서 관리하는 공원은 예산이 10% 내외로 분석되었다. 둘째, 예산편성 특징인 공원별 연평균예산과 예산투입기간(연단위)을 기준으로 3개의 유형으로 구분할 수 있었다. 단년도 예산편성을 원칙으로 하는 지방자치단체 여건상 장기적인 관점에서 계획을 세우고 추진하는 것은 어려움이 있을 것이다. 하지만, 공원녹지는 단기적인 성과를 위한 사업이 아닌 장기적인 관점에서 접근하여야 하는 만큼 지속적인 예산확보를 위한 방안이 필요하다. 본 연구는 그동안 연구되지 않았던 공원 관련 예산분석을 시도하였다는 점에서 의의가 있으나, 연구대상을 푸른도시국 예산으로 한정하여 자치구 관할 공원에 대해서는 검토하지 못한 한계가 있어 추가 연구가 필요하다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.1087-1102
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• 1999

Diabetes mellitus, a universal and prevalent chronic disease, is projected to be one of the most formidable worldwide health problems in the 21st century. For those living with diabetes, there is a need for self-care skills to manage a complex medical regimen. Self-efficacy which refers to one's belief in his/her capability to monitor and perform the daily activities required to manage diabetes has be found to be related to self-care. The concept of self-efficacy comes from social cognitive theory which maintains that cognitive mechanism mediate the performance of behavior. The literature cites several research studies which show a strong relationship between self-efficacy and self-care behavior. Meta-analysis is a technique that enables systematic review and quantitative integration of the results from multiple primary studies that are relevant to a particular research question. Therefore, this study was done using meta-analysis to quantitatively integrate the results of independent research studies to obtain numerical estimates of the overall effect of a self-efficacy with diabetic patient on self-care behaviors. The research proceeded in three stages : 1) literature search and retrieval of studies in which self-efficacy was related to self-care, 2) coding, and 3) calculation of mean effect size and data analysis. Seventeen studies which met the research criteria included study population of adults with diabetes, measures of self-care and measures of self-efficacy as a predictive variable. Computation of effect size was done on DSTAT which is a statistical computer program specifically designed for meta-analysis. To determine the effect of self-efficacy on self-care practice homogeneity tests were conducted. Pooled effect size estimates, to determine the best subvariable for composite variables, metabolic control variables and component of self-efficacy and self-care, indicated that the effect of self-efficacy composite on self-care composite was moderate to large. The weighted mean effect size of self-efficacy composite and self-care composite were ＋.76 and the confidence interval was from ＋.66 to ＋.86 with the number of subjects being 1,545. The total for this meta-analysis result showed that the weighted mean effect sizes ranged from ＋.70 to ＋1.81 which indicates a large effect. But since reliabilities of the instruments in the primary studies were low or not stated, caution must be applied in unconditionally accepting the results from these effect sizes. Meta-analysis is a useful took for clarifying the status of knowledge development and guiding decision making about future research and this study confirmed that there is a relationship between self-efficacy and self-care in patients with diabetes. It, thus, provides support for nurses to promote self-efficacy in their patients. While most of the studies included in this meta-analysis used social cognitive theory as a framework for the study, some studies use Fishbein & Ajzen's attitude model as a model for active self-care. Future research is needed to more fully define the concept of self-care and to determine what it is that makes patients feel competent in their self-care activities. The results of this study showed that self-efficacy can promote self-care. Future research is needed with experimental design to determine nursing interventions that will increase self-efficacy.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.540-549
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• 2004

Infants and children with food related Atopic Dermatitis (AD) need extra dietary efforts to maintain optimal nutrition due to food restriction to prevent allergy reactions. However, nutrition ignorance and food faddism make patients even more confused and practice desirable diet more difficult. The objective of this study was to report the AD patients' malnutrition cases in Korea. We report on 2 cases of severe nutritional deficiency caused by consuming macrobiotic diets which avoid processed foods and most animal foods, i.e. one of vegetarian diet. Case 1, a 12-month-old male child, was admitted with severe marasmus. Because of a history of AD, he was started on mixed grain porridge at 3 months without any breast milk or formula feeding. His caloric intake was 66% and protein intake was 69% of the recommended dietary allowance. Patient's height and weight was under 3th percentile. On admission the patient was unable to crawl or roll over. Case 2, a 9-month-old AD female patient, was diagnosed with kwashiorkor and rickets. She was also started on mixed grain porridge at 100 days due to AD. Her caloric intake has been satisfied recommended dietary allowance until 7 months, however, she conducted sauna bath therapy and reduced both energy and protein intake at 8 months. The amount of protein intake for case 2 was higher than recommended dietary allowance, but, sauna therapy and severe AD with intakes of low guality protein may increase patient's protein requirement resulting in kwashiorkor. Case 2 patient's height and weight was on 3th percentile. Both cases showed low intake of calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin E and especially very low intake of vitamin B$_{12}$ and vitamin D. Allergy tests for certain foods had not done prior to admission for both cases. They followed the dietary advise operated by macrobiotic diet internet site. In conclusion, AD infants' parents and caregivers should contact a pediatrician trained as a specialist in allergy for accurate diagnosis. For infant patients, breast or formula feeding including hypoallergenic formula should be continued until their one year of age. When certain foods need to be restricted or to follow special diets such as vegetarian diet, consultation with pediatrician and dietitian is needed.d.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.230-239
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 리더의 조직시민행동이 조직구성원들의 사람중심 시민행동과 직무 스트레스에 미치는 영향을 검증하는 것이다. 리더의 조직시민행동은 리더의 변화주도행동, 충성심 및 근면함 등으로 구성된다. 우리는 리더-구성원 교환관계(LMX)가 리더의 조직시민행동과 부하들의 사람중심 시민행동 및 직무 스트레스 관계를 매개하는지 가설을 설정하였다. 우리는 다양한 기업에서 근무하는 293명의 종업원들을 대상으로 2019년 9월부터 11월까지 설문지를 수집하여 연구모형을 검증하였다. 우리는 확인적 요인분석을 수행하였고 구조방정식모형을 사용하여 데이터를 분석하였다. 또한 우리는 리더의 조직시민행동 문항에 대해서 3요인 모형의 적합성을 평가하려고 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 실증 분석결과에 의하면, 리더-구성원 교환관계(LMX)가 리더의 조직시민행동이 부하들의 사람중심 시민행동과 직무 스트레스 관계를 완전 매개하였다. 리더의 조직시민행동은 리더-구성원 교환관계에 정(+)의 영향을 미친다. 그리고 리더-구성원 교환관계는 조직구성원의 사람중심 시민행동에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 직무 스트레스에 부(-)의 영향을 미친다. 우리는 리더의 조직시민행동이 조직구성원들의 사람중심 시민행동에 정(+)의 관계가 있고 직무 스트레스에 부(-)의 관계가 있으며 이 관계에서 리더-구성원 교환관계가 매개한다는 가설을 입증하였다. 우리는 연구의 한계점과 시사점 및 향후 연구를 제시하였다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.619-627
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Colitis is a serious health problem, and chronic obesity is associated with the progression of colitis. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of natural raw meal (NRM) on high-fat diet (HFD, 45%) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS, 2% w/v)-induced colitis in C57BL/6J mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: Body weight, colon length, and colon weight-to-length ratio, were measured directly. Serum levels of obesity-related biomarkers, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), insulin, leptin, and adiponectin were determined using commercial kits. Serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 were detected using a commercial ELISA kit. Histological study was performed using a hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining assay. Colonic mRNA expressions of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were determined by RT-PCR assay. RESULTS: Body weight and obesity-related biomarkers (TG, TC, LDL, HDL, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin) were regulated and obesity was prevented in NRM treated mice. NRM significantly suppressed colon shortening and reduced colon weight-to-length ratio in HFD+DSS induced colitis in C57BL/6J mice (P < 0.05). Histological observations suggested that NRM reduced edema, mucosal damage, and the loss of crypts induced by HFD and DSS. In addition, NRM decreased the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 and inhibited the mRNA expressions of these cytokines, and iNOS and COX-2 in colon mucosa (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that NRM has an anti-inflammatory effect against HFD and DSS-induced colitis in mice, and that these effects are due to the amelioration of HFD and/or DSS-induced inflammatory reactions.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.365-372
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Owing to health concerns related to the consumption of traditional snacks high in sugars and fats, much effort has been made to develop functional snacks with low calorie content. In this study, a new recipe for Korean rice cookie, dasik, was developed and its antioxidative, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory effects and related mechanisms were elucidated. The effects were compared with those of traditional rice cake dasik (RCD), the lipid-lowering effect of which is greater than that of traditional western-style cookies. MATERIALS/METHODS: Ginseng-added brown rice dasik (GBRD) was prepared with brown rice flour, fructooligosaccharide, red ginseng extract, and propolis. Mice were grouped (n = 7 per group) into those fed a normal AIN-76 diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented with RCD or GBRD. Dasik in the HFD accounted for 7% of the total calories. The lipid, reactive oxygen species, and peroxynitrite levels, and degree of lipid peroxidation in the plasma or liver were determined. The expression levels of proteins involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation, and those of antioxidant enzymes were determined by western blot analysis. RESULTS: The plasma and hepatic total cholesterol concentrations in the GBRD group were significantly decreased via downregulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (P < 0.05). The hepatic peroxynitrite level was significantly lower, whereas glutathione was higher, in the GBRD group than in the RCD group. Among the antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly upregulated in the GBRD group (P < 0.05). In addition, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-${\kappa}B$) expression in the GBRD group was significantly lower than that in the RCD group. CONCLUSIONS: GBRD decreases the plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels by downregulating cholesterol synthesis. This new dasik recipe also improves the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory status in HFD-fed mice via CAT and GPx upregulation and NF-${\kappa}B$ downregulation. These effects were significantly higher than those of RCD.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.63-76
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• 1999

The main objective of this study was to develop a concept of service marketing promotion in nursing that is derived from the concepts of service marketing theory. This research was a descriptive study, at the factor isolation level. The principle of concept derivation suggested by Walker and Avant (1988) and the Hybrid model suggested by Schwarz-Barcott and Kim (1993) were employed as the research method. The data were collected from December, 1997 to April. 1998 at a large general hospital located in Seoul. The procedures of this study were as follows: First. at the theoretical phase: the meaning, attributes, and definition of service marketing promotion were identified through an extensive review of the literature. Second, at the empirical phase: fieldwork was done to identify the promotional activities and events in nursing. Top nurse managers from 4 units (Director of Nursing, Head nurses of inpatient nursing unit, outpatient nursing unit. and home care nursing unit) were interviewed and the content of the interview was analyzed to identify the meaning and attributes of promotion in nursing. Other methods such as brochures and other audio-visual materials which were relevant to nursing promotion were used to supplement the interviews. Finally, the results of the theoretical and empirical analyses were intergrated to develop a concept of service marketing in nursing practice. A final definition of service marketing promotion in nursing was identified as follows. 1. Promotion as a marketing function in nursing service is concerned with communication to target markets on all information related to nursing service in order to satisfy the objectives of both a nursing service organization and the target markets. 2. The goals of nursing service promotion include: 1) increasing visibility of nursing services and delivering the information on nursing services, 2) affirming the value of nursing services, so it can contribute to formulation of reimbursement policy for nursing services. 3) advancing the general image of the nursing profession and nursing services. 4) achieving and attaining a desirable positioning for nurses among health care professionals. and 5) creating and stimulating the demand for nursing services. 3. In order to obtain these goals it is necessary to provide information on nursing services, to persuade target markets. to remind them about nursing services. and to establish a collaborative relationship with related departments. 4. The tools used to carry out the above functions of promotion in nursing are the providing nursing services, public relations and publicity. QA of nursing, advertising, and sales promotion. 5. The target markets of nursing service include the nursing customer markets. the internal markets, the influence markets. the recruitment markets. the supplier markets. and the nursing referral markets. In conclusion, the concept of promotion in other service marketing areas can be applied to the promotion of nursing service marketing. The promotion of nursing service is more than just effective communication in nursing service. it is the effective use of the concepts of service marketing promotion. Promotion of nursing service will contribute to create and expand nursing services.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.198-217
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 원격진료 이용자 행태를 시공간 재구조 관점에서 살펴보았고, 원격진료의 양면적 성격, 즉 확장성과 제약성에 관해 고찰하였다. 연구 결과에 의하면, 원격진료의 도입은 직접적인 온라인 서비스의 수혜자인 환자의 행태 변화에 영향을 끼치나, 이는 원격진료 이전의 일반적 의료 행태와 확연한 차이를 보인 것은 아니다. 이와 더해, 의원급 병원의 의료진 및 원격진료 최종 서비스 제공자인 토가네현립병원의 의료진의 행태에는 거의 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 원격진료의 도입으로 인해 의료기관에로의 접근성 및 효용성의 향상에 도움이 된 것은 사실이나, 여전히 원격진료는 최소한 한번 이상의 직접 진료를 요구하고 있고, 인간의 생명과 직접적으로 연계됨에도 불구하고 불완전한 기술적 특성을 가지고 있으며, 원격진료 이용에 있어서의 의사-환자, 의사 사이의 합의 문제로 인해 시공간적 제약성을 내포하게 된다. 결과적으로, 당초 원격진료가 처음 고안되었을 당시 많은 이용자들에게 주었던 기대감(확장성)과 달리, 오늘날의 원격진료는 시공간을 초월한 개념이라기보다는 기술, 사회, 문화, 경제 등의 다양한 요인으로 인해 제약성을 내포한 형태로 발전하고 있다고 할 수 있다.