• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1995

One of the biggest problems of Nursing Education in Korea is the division among nursing education programs of the last 3 and 4 years. To solve this problem, Nursing community must do variable trials to achieve the unity of a 4-year educational program. With this, we need to observe the phenomena and reality of the present 4-year nursing educational program that we have. The object of this study is to analyse and discuss that we have. The object of this study is to analyse and discuss the problems and future strategies of 4-year Nursing Baccalaureate program. 1. Problems as nursing department in Medical School. 1) Many 4-year nursing baccalaureate programs are operating under the medical school as nursing department. So the academic development in nursing department is unprogressive and is not approved as unique discipline. 2) The operating system between nursing and medical department are different even though they are in the same school. 3) Inequality between nursing and medical department : In many case, the nursing professor can not attend administraion committees to discuss the medical school's operation because of many differences between nursing and medical organization. 4) Weakness of the leadership and the student activities in nursing student : The nursing student involvement is usually passive because of the difference of curriculum, less number than medical students and the difference between 4-year and 6-year education program. 5) There is the obscurity of the relationship between department of nursing and other departments in whole university. 2. Problems in nursing itself 1) We need to reconstruct nursing discipline. We must change from the disease centered model to health centered model and life cycle centered model so that we can be distinguished from medicine. We also must change from hospital centered nursing to all population centered nursing, 2) The improvement of curriculum ; When the independent framework of nursing discipline become established, we need to improve the curriculum. 3) The education of clinical practice ; Most nursing school programs are divided into professors who are lecturing the theory and clinical teachers who are teaching the nursing technique in the clinic. So, what is needed in nursing discipline is that the professors have a dual position. In America, The professor is required to be a clinical specialist and to have his or her clinic so that the professor become a good role model, teach the clinical practice effectively, and give the student the practice field. 4) To extend fields of nursing : At first, the school nurse must become the school health educator, a real teacher. The nurse must establish and operate a childern's wellbeing center or nursery school, a disabled people's house or senile's wellbeing center, a mental health center, and a health promotion clinic for healthy people. 5) The name 'nursing department' need to be considered. When the focus is to be changed from the disease model to health improvement model, we take into consideration change 'nursing college', 'nursing department' and 'nursing profession' to 'health science college' or 'health wellbeing college'. 6) We must have highly qualified academic students. Each Nursing educational faculties must have the high qualified students through the development of nursing educational program and the increment of scholarship. The Korean Nurses Association and The Korean Clinical Nurses Association need to make an endeavor for the improvement of work condition and payment of clinical nurses of hospitals who consist of 70% of all nursing manpower. 3. Improvement Strategy 1) All nursing educational program must be changed 4-year program gradually. 2) Nursing department need to try to become nursing college. 3) We need to study many researches for improvement of the problem in nursing discipline and nursing education. We need more interdisciplinary researches, and we need to be granted for that research. 4) We need to have many seminars and workshops thoughout the whole country to expand a sense of nursing education. 5) Drawing up a policies plan for the nursing educational improvement : The Korean Nurses Association, The Korean Academic Nursing Association, Korea Nursing College and department President's Committee, and Korea Academic Society of Nursing Education must try for the development of nursing educational improvement and ask for government frame the policy to develop nursing education.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.97-110
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• 1970

This survey was conducted to evaluate not only the present status of health center directors-their personal histories, their will to private practice in the future, their responses to governmental policies, -but also the distribution of doctorless myons, budget and subsidy, and director's opinions to the enhancement of health center activities. This survey questioned 116 health center directors and 16 health personnel from August to October of 1970 and obtained the following results; 1) The average ages of directors of kun, city, and total health centers were $43.2{\pm}7.8,\;42.1{\pm}7.7,\;and\;42.9{\pm}10.3$ respectively. 2) The average family sizes of directors of kun, city, and total health centers were $5.6{\pm}2.7,\;5.6{\pm}2.1,\;and\;5.6{\pm}2.6$ respectively. 3) Directors holding M. D. degrees were 79.3%, those holding qualified M. D. degrees ('approved director') were 20.7%. 4) M. P. H., M. S., and Ph. D. holders were 6.0%, 6.1%, and 4.3% respectively. 5) The average duration of present directorship in kun and city were 30.2 months and 20.4 months respectively. 6) The majority of directors had been employed in related fields before assuming current position : directorship at other health center 26.7%, army 22.4%, health subcenter 21.6%, private practice 19.0%. 7) Average length of directorship is 41.8 months. Average length of public health career, including health subcenter and present position, is 56.5 months. 8) Both rural and urban experience in health centers for regular directors is 16.3% and for approved directors, 12,5%. A total of 15.5% of all survey directors had experience in both rural and urban health center. 9) A total of 70.7% of health center directorships were staffed by local doctors. 10) Nearly 40% wanted to quit the directorships within 3 years and 60.3% had already experienced private practice. 11) Of the regular directors 17.4% felt strongly about devoting their lives to public health fields, but only 4.1% of the approved approved directors felt so. 12) There wire 432 doctorless myons among 996 respondent myons and 4.5 doctorless myons per kun. 13) The percentage of doctorless myon by Province are as follows, Cholla buk-do 57.2%, Cholla nam-de 55.0%, Kyungsang nam-do 52.0%, Kyungsang buk-do 49.7%, Chungchong but-do 42.4%, Kyonggi-do 32.9%. Cheju-do 30.8%, Kangwon-do 25.8%. 14) Two thirds of health critters have experienced the abscence of the director for a certain period since 1966 and the average span of the abscence was 18.2 months. 15) The percentage of doctorless myons increased proportionally with the span of the director's abscence. 16) The average budgets of health centers, kun, city and ku, were $W15.03\;million{\pm}W4.5\;million,\;W22.03\;million{\pm}W17.80\;million,\;W13.10\;million{\pm}W7.9\;million$ respectively. 17) Chunju city had the highest health budget per capita(W344) while Pusan Seo ku had the lowest(W19). 18) Director's medical subsidies are W30,000-50,000 in kun, and roughly W20,000 in city. 19) The older of priority in health center activities is T.B. control(31.1%), Family Planning and M. C. H.(28.0%), prevention of acute communicable disease and endemic disease (18.2%) and clinical care of patients(14.3%). 20) Nearly 32% opposed in principle the governmental policy of prohibiting medical doctors from going abroad. 21) Suggestions for immediate enhancing the position of director of health centers and subcenters: (1) Raise the base subsidy (48.2%), (2) Provide more opportunities for promotion (20.7%), (3) Exemption from army services(12.1%), (4) Full scholarship to medical students for this purpose only (7.8%). 22) A newly established medical school was opposed by 56.9% of the directors, however 33.6% of them approved. 23) Pertaining to the division of labor in Medicine and Pharmacy, the largest portion (31.9%) urged the immediate partial division of antibiotics and some addictive drugs to be given only by prescription. 24) More than half wanted a W70,000 level for the director's medical subsidies, white 36.2% stated W50,000. 25) Urgently needed skills in the kun are clinical pathologist (38.6%) and doctor (health center director) (25.5%); while in the city nurse (37.1%), doctors(clinical)(31.4%) and health educators(14.4%) are needed. 26) Essential treatment for the better health center administration; raising the base subsidy (22.7%), obtaining the power of personal management (19.3%) and the establishment of a Board of Health (14.3%). etc.

• 한국노년학
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.705-723
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 "한국노년학" 학회지에 40년간 게재된 보건 의료 건강분야 연구의 동향을 전반적으로 고찰하고 "한국노년학" 연구의 다학문적 특성과 관련하여 보건 의료 건강 부분이 나아갈 방향을 조망하기 위함이다. 이를 위해 한국노년학 창간호부터 2017년 12월 말까지 40년간 게재된 논문 중 2008년 30주년에 "한국노년학" 1권(1980년)부터 28권(2008년) 2호까지에 게재된 논문 중 건강 간호분야 및 노인보건정책 논문 분석 연구를 검토하고, 최근 10년간 게재된 논문(2008년 3호~2017년 4호) 총 655편 중 237편(전체의 36.2%)을 대상으로 분석하였고, 다음과 같은 연구동향을 확인하였다. 첫째, 최근 10년간의 연구 주제를 대표저자의 전공별로 분석한 결과 보건, 의료, 간호, 체육 분야 저자들은 주로 신체적 건강 주제의 연구를 수행하였고 복지분야 저자들은 정신적 건강 주제의 연구를 주로 다뤘다. 즉, 전반적으로 보건 의료 건강 영역에서는 신체적 건강의 연구가 주로 수행되었다. 둘째, 연구방법 분석결과, 최근 10년간 연구에서는 양적연구가 89.9%를 차지하고 있었고, 지난 30년간(1980-2008)의 연구에서도 양적연구가 81.5%로 대다수를 차지하고 있다. 최근 10년간 수행 된 질적연구는 총 11편으로 나타나 양적연구에 비해 비중이 작은 것으로 나타났으며, 포커스그룹 인터뷰 방법을 활용한 연구가 33.3%로 가장 많은 비중을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 연구유형은 지난 30년간의 분석에서는 비실험연구가 82.7%였지만, 최근 10년간의 연구에서는 비실험연구가 65.4%를 차지하고 있는 것으로 나타나 보건 의료 건강영역에서 문제해결을 위한 실험연구가 증가하고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 넷째, 연구대상은 최근 10년간의 연구에서 건강한 노인, 도시거주 노인, 재가 노인 대상으로 한 연구가 많은 비중을 차지하였으며, 대상노인의 연령은 65세 이상 노인을 대상으로 한 연구가 60.0%로 지난 30년간의 연구에서의 42.7%보다 그 비중이 증가하였다. 대상노인의 성별에 따라 연구동향은 최근 10년간의 연구에서 남녀 모두를 대상으로 한 연구가 81.6%로 나타나 지난 30년 연구의 88.5%에 비해 조금 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 연구결과는 최근 10년간 보다 다양한 연구 접근이 시도되긴 하였으나 여전히 신체건강을 주제로 비실험연구설계를 적용하는 연구가 주를 이루고 있었다. 향후 노인 건강증진연구에서 통합적 다학제적 접근 및 예방적 사전적 관점의 필요성과 함께 급속한 고령화를 경험하고 초고령화가 임박한 한국적 상황을 다각적으로 분석할 수 있는 종단 연구, 질적 연구, 메타 분석 등 다양한 연구방법을 통한 심층적이고 체계적인 연구설계의 필요성을 시사하고 있다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2014

본 논문의 목적은 사회보장분야에서 어떠한 이슈가 중요시 되고 있으며, 어떠한 이슈에 빅 데이터 분석기술이 적용가능한지를 전문가 AHP방법을 통해 살펴보는데 있다. 이를 위해 사회보장분야에서 중요시 되고 있는 이슈분석 수행하였으며, 이를 토대로 8개 주요 과제를 도출하였다. 평가기준의 쌍대비교 결과, 정책적 타당성이 사업의 효과성과 실현가능성 보다 중요한 의미를 갖는 지표로 도출되었다. 그리고 세부과제 우순순위 절대평가 결과를 살펴보면, 사회보장분야 부적정 급여 방지와 사각지대 조기 발굴은 빅 데이터 분석을 통해 복지행정의 합리성 증진과 대국민 권리구제를 강화한다는 측면에서 매우 의미 있는 과제로 도출되었다. 본 연구는 사회보장분야에서 빅 데이터 활용 가능여부를 분석하였다는 점에서 의의가 있으며, 향후 빅 데이터 관련 세부과제의 체계적인 추진을 위한 기반연구로 기능할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.308-317
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• 2017

본 연구는 한국 여성의 자살시도 경험 현황을 확인하고, 관련요인을 확인하여 고위험군 선별을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 시도하였다. 2013년부터 2015년까지 질병관리본부에서 전국적으로 조사한 국민건강영양조사 자료 중 제 6기 3차 자료를 이용하였고. 전체 대상자중 여성만을 선별하여 일반적 특성, 정신건강 관련 특성, 일상생활 활동 특성 등의 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 가중치를 적용하여 SPSS 20.0 프로그램의 복합표본 분석방법을 이용하여 빈도분석, 교차분석, 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 전체 여성의 1%에서 자살 시도 경험이 있는 것으로 파악 되었으며, 1년 이내의 정신 상담 경험이 있는 대상자가 없는 대상자보다 5.25배, 스트레스가 적은 대상자에 비해 많은 대상자가 14.92배, 일의 강도가 높은 대상자가 그렇지 않은 대상자에 비해 4.85배, 하루 중 앉아 있는 시간이 많은 대상자가 적은 대상자에 비해 3.76배 더 자살 시도를 한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이와 같은 대상자들을 자살시도의 고위험군으로 고려하여야 하며, 여성의 자살시도 예방을 위하여 일차적으로 정신 건강 상태와 일상생활의 활동 특성 변수를 고려한 선별 지침이 필요하겠다. 또한 사회적, 정책적으로 제공되는 자살 예방 프로그램의 개별적 접근이 필요할 것으로 사료 된다.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.519-530
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• 2015

This study examines the effects of coping resources on life satisfaction of middle and older caregivers looking after family members with activities of daily living disabilities. Personal resources and socio-relational resources were included as predictors after controlling for demographic characteristics. We studied 154 middle and 132 older adults drawn from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA). The multiple regression results of this study were as follows. First, subjective health and family satisfaction had significant effects on middle-aged caregivers' life satisfaction. Specifically higher levels of subjective health and better relationships with their family predicted higher levels of life satisfaction. Second, cognitive function, household income, and family satisfaction had significant effects on middle-aged caregivers' life satisfaction. Higher household incomes, higher levels of cognitive function, and better relationships with family predicted higher levels of life satisfaction. For both middle and older adults, the effect size of family satisfaction was the largest out of all coping resources. The results revealed discrepancies regarding the importance of coping resources between middle and older caregivers, implying that developing interventions for middle and older caregivers (in accordance with their need for coping resources) is necessary. The results also indicated that having good relationships with one's family was the most important factor for both middle aged and older caregivers' life satisfaction. The results suggest that policies or services focused on endorsing healthy family relationships should be developed to improve the life satisfaction of caregivers.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.315-323
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• 2023

The objective of this study is to identify the selective application targets for reporting on details of supply of class 1 and 2 medical devices as part of the improvement of the reports on details of supply of medical device system, and to analyze its effectiveness. Therapeutic materials covered by health insurance and secondhand medical devices were chosen based on the transparency of health insurance coverage and the management of medical device distribution. As a result, approximately 85% of groups can be excluded from the reporting requirements compared to reporting all items under Class 1 and 2 medical devices. This is expected to enhance the efficiency of supply reporting tasks. Additionally, the information on supply details managed by the regulatory authority can be utilized for statistical analysis and periodic monitoring, serving as fundamental data for the development of medical device-related policies and research in the field of medical devices.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1217-1224
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• 2012

Background and Aim: Less than 50% of oral cancer cases are diagnosed at early stages of the disease and this is in part due to poor awareness and lack of knowledge on the signs and symptoms of oral cancer. This study sought to measure the baseline awareness of oral cancer in Malaysia and aimed to increase public awareness and knowledge of oral cancer using a mass media campaign. Methods: Baseline awareness and impact of the campaign was measured using self-administered questionnaires sent via email to individuals. The campaign was aired on two national television channels and the reach was monitored through an independent programme monitoring system. Results: 78.2% of respondents had heard of oral cancer, and this increased significantly after the campaign. However, the ability to recognize signs and symptoms remains unchanged. We found that the level of awareness differed between the distinct ethnic subgroups and the reach of the campaign was not uniform across all ethnicities. Conclusion: This substantial study to measure the oral cancer awareness in Malaysia provides important baseline data for the planning of public health policies. Despite encouraging evidence that a mass media campaign could increase the awareness of oral cancer, further research is required to address the acceptability, comprehensiveness and effectiveness. Furthermore, different campaign approaches may be required for specific ethnic groups in a multi-ethnic country such as Malaysia.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2014

Purpose. For a more efficient hospital management, this study aims to provide basic data so that the hospital management and staff in charge of hospital administration may systematically classify and collect hospital information, by analyzing the ordinary characters of an upper-level general hospital system and its common-type balance sheet, common-type profit and loss statement and financial ratio. Methods. By using information about an upper-level general hospital in C Province, provided by Alio(www.alio.go.kr), a public organization information provision site, Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service(www.hira.or.kr) and Ministry of Health and Welfare(www.mw.go.kr), this study analyzed 3 year's data from 2010 to 2012 and provided basic data by analyzing the ordinary characters of an upper-level general hospital system, and its common-type balance sheet, common-type profit and loss statement and financial ratio. Results. After analyzing the ordinary characters, common-type balance sheet, common-type proft and loss statement and financial ration of this general hospital, based on the 2010 to 2012 data, this study came to the following conclusions. Firstly, out of all the 1,069 hospital staff, there were 272 doctors working for 24 medical departments, out of whom the majority was 33 physicians. Most of the nurses were third-class ones, and about 2,000 outpatients and 600 inpatients on average were treated per day. Secondly, as a result of analyzing the common-type balance sheet, this study discovered that intangible assets out of fixed assets accounted for 41%, the majority, out of which usable and profitable donation asset buildings were of great importance, and the liquid assets increased more in 2012 than 2011. In the financial structure, the ratio of liquid liabilities was over 50% out of all the liabilities in 2012, and the ratio of purchase payables was high as well. The ratio of fixed liabilities reached up to 40%, out of which the retirement benefit appropriation fund was quite high. The capital was over 80%, but the surplus was in a deficit state. Compared to the capital, the ratio of total liabilities was about 90%, which indicates the financial structure of this general hospital was vulnerable. Thirdly, as a result of analyzing the common-type profit and loss statement, this study found out that the medical profits from inpatients were higher than profits from outpatients. The material cost was related to the medical quality of this general hospital, and it was as high as 30% out of the total costs and was about 45% of the labor cost. This general hospital showed 10% in the ratio of non-medical profits, and it seemed because of government subsidies. The ratios of medical profits and current net income were gradually changing for the better in 2012, compared to 2011. Lastly, as a result of analyzing the financial ratio, it was found that the liquidity ratio kept decreasing, from 110.7% in 2010 and 102.0% in 2011 to 77.2% in 2012. Besides, it was analyzed that the liquidity ratio and the net working capital ratio greatly decreased, while the quick ratio and the liquid ratio kept decreasing. Conclusions. 1. It is necessary to take the risk management into more consideration, and particularly, it is needed to differentiate and manage the levels of risk in detail. 2. By considering the fact that investments into hospital infrastructures were mostly based on liabilities, it is needed to deal with the scale of losses when evaluating risks. 3. By reflecting the character that investments into hospital infrastructures were based on liabilities, it is necessary to consider the ratio of ordinary profits as well as the ratio of operating profits to sales, and it is also important to consider sales productivity factors, such as the sales amount per a sickbed, by comparing them with other hospitals. As for limitations of this study, there may be some problems in terms of data interpretation because of the lack of information about the number of inpatients and the number of outpatients per year, which are needed for the break-even point analysis. Besides, to suggest a direction for the improvement of hospital management through analyses, non-financial factors should be reflected, such as the trend of economy, medical policies, and politic backgrounds. However, this study only focused on the common-type balance sheet, common-type profit and loss statement and financial ratio, so this study is actually limited to generalizing all the factors by analyzing public data only.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제94권3호통권160호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 국내 시 도를 대상으로 산림의 건강성과 관리체계에 대한 산림지속성 지수를 평가하였다. 산림기본계획과 산림비전21에서 제시한 주요시책에 해당하는 69개의 항목과 주요시책에는 해당되지는 않지만 평가를 위해 필요한 15개 지표를 합친 총 84개의 후보지표를 대상으로 지표의 평가 작업을 거쳐 최종적으로 33개의 지표를 선정하였다. 이들 지표들을 대상으로 압력(pressure), 상태(state), 반응(response) 지표로 구분하여 압력과 상태는 산림의 건강성을 나타내는 지표로, 반응은 산림의 관리체계를 나타내는 지표로 구분하였다. 선정된 지표들을 대상으로 델파이조사를 통해 중요도를 부여하였다. 중요도를 이용해서는 서열합 방법에 의해 가중치를 산출하여 각 지표들의 표준화 작업에 의해 얻은 값에 적용하였다. 지수화 작업에서는 가법형에 의거해서 2002년도 각 시 도별 산림 지속성 지수를 산출하여 비교, 분석하였다. 본 연구는 기초 연구로 수행되어 해당 지자체를 언급하지는 않았으나 각 지자체들이 각 지표의 적용과 지수화 방법에 대한 합의가 이루어진다면 지자체의 산림 상태와 관리 정도를 정량적으로 평가하는 중요한 정보가 될 것으로 여겨진다.