• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2012

The hand hygiene behavior of 400 middle school students (grades 1-3) in Seoul and Gyeonggi-Do was studied to determine how stages of change were affected by food safety education, focusing on hand hygiene and general food safety. Subjects were 51.3% male and 44.3% of study subjects were first graders of middle school. Approximately 40% of subjects were at the stage of action, 42.7% were at the stage of contemplation, and 16.4% were at pre-contemplation. The most important factor that influenced proper hand washing was self efficacy ($P$ < 0.001). Proper hand washing was also correlated significantly with positive belief ($P$ < 0.01) and stages of change ($P$ < 0.01). After food safety education by high-school mentors, middle-school students who were in the stages of pre-contemplation (11.1%) and contemplation (88.9%) showed significant progression toward the action stage ($P$ < 0.001). Proper hand washing ($P$ < 0.01) and food safety knowledge ($P$ < 0.05) were also significantly increased after educational intervention.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.35-49
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze variables associated with smoking and selected health behaviors. This study targeted adult men and women over 20 of age. The sample population was drawn from the national sample, and the samples were chosen from the telephone book. A total of 1,500 cases were collected through a telephone based interview survey. As a tool for this study, a structured questionnaire was developed. the variables included self-perceived health status, and selected 7 health behaviors; smoking behavior, physical activities, eating habit, weight control, alcohol consumption, stress management, and cancer exam. The healthy life practice actions of Trans-theoretical model have been classified into five stages. Smokers were more likely than non-smokers to positive attitudes toward smoking and the impact of smoking in this study. This means that smokers's awareness toward the impact of smoking is very week. Smoking behavior was significantly related to other health related behaviors based on the correlation analysis. However, gender, engaging in regular physical activities, moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages, and receiving a cancer examination were the variables that can explain and predict a person's stages of adopting a non-smoking behavior. Self perceived health status was closely related to other health behaviors. Gender, age, and monthly household income were important demographic variables that have significant relationship with the self-perceived health status. Among the health behaviors, regular physical activities and weight control were significant predictable variables. Similar results have been found in the National health and Nutrition examination survey in Korea. As a result of this study, it was found that among the selected health behaviors, engaging in physical activity was an important variable to increase positive sense of health and non-smoking behaviors. Educational and policy level input is needed to increase awareness and provide chances to participate in fitness activities. To those who maintain exercise, the environmental support and diffusion of knowledge information and education data should be strengthened. To change attitudes toward smoking, more in-dept awareness campaign and education should be provided according to people's different behavioral status. In addition, not only diffusing health education data and delivering knowledge information through related programs, but also environmental support system that helps an individual maintain his/her action is required. Such a support system means settlement of the health enhancement base of school, workplace and community should be carried out, and the policy level support and regular programs should be provided and spread to the unit of community.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2004

This study intended to identify how our children are aware of dental health and motivate them to learn reasonable knowledge about dental health. Furthermore, it also aimed to induce them to change their awareness and behavioral style about dental health, so that they may keep good habits for dental health for their lifetime. Total 1,044 samples were collected from children who were all 12 years old and lived in Seongnam city. During six months (June to December 2002), they were asked to participate in questionnaire survey about consumer behavior, knowledge, attitude, activity and self-diagnosis for dental health. The results of questionnaire survey can be outlined as follows: (1) The results of investigating consumer behavior for dental health showed that 34.5% of total respondents ever visited dental clinics once or more within latest one year, 21.4% ever visited dental clinics for the sake of prevention, 70.6% were instructed in dental health program, 31.7% were treated with the fluorination, 36.9% were treated with dental sealant, and 17.1% were treated with scaling, respectively. (2) For 10 items asking reasonable knowledge about dental health, respondents answered to 5.06 items on average. (3) For 10 items asking reasonable attitude for dental health, respondents answered to 5.41 items on average. (4) For 10 items asking reasonable behavior, respondents answered to 4.53 items. (5) For 10 items asking reasonable self-diagnosis for dental health, respondents answered to 5.65 items.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1083-1090
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of community oral hygiene program on oral hygiene practice behavior in children. Methods: Oral hygiene promotion program was performed in 23 community child centers in Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggido. The study analyzed the effect of community oral hygiene promotion programs on the oral hygiene practice behavior in children from September to December, 2014. The trained dental hygienists in 23 public health centers and dental hygiene students participated in the oral hygiene promotion program for oral health examination and education for the children. The contents of the program was standardized and instructed to the team members. The individual improvement in children oral hygiene practice was assessed using PHP(patient hygiene performance) index score. Data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 program. Results: After the program, children who stopped eating confectioneries and those eating once a day increased to 32.12% and 14.24%, respectively. Those eating more than four times a day were still high(32.44%), but it was a lower rate than before the program (p<0.001). The rate of toothbrushing of more than 2 to 3 times a day was 82.75% and it was higher than before the education (p<0.001). The knowledge level of children increased from 18.83% to 66.30%. The oral hygiene practice performance in children was highly improved. Conclusions: The four months duration of oral hygiene program remarkably improved the oral hygiene practice in the children. So the community health centers and welfare centers must cooperate and improve the children oral health promotion by developing the oral health promotion program.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2022

Background: Nowadays, dental health problems in Indonesia are still quite high. It is one of which influenced by low public awareness of the importance of maintaining the health of teeth and mouth that can be measured by toothbrushing behavior. Based on the results of RISKESDAS 2018, only 2.8 percent of the population has a proper toothbrushing behavior. Behavior tends to form at age 6 to 12 years. At this age, children begin to develop habits that tend to settle until adulthood, including toothbrushing behavior. Social cognitive theory is a theory of behavioral change that explains that behavioral changes are influenced by the environment, personal, behavior where these three factors influence each other. This study aims to identify changes in the dental behavior of second grades students before and after the joint toothbrushing at school for 21 days. Methods: A pre-experimental study-design was conducted on elementary school by pre-post treatment method where there are 2 classes that get intervention and 2 other classes as control. A joint toothbrush is performed every morning before the school activities begin. Before and after the joint toothbrushing, all classes are given questionnaires to see if there are any changes in behavior seen through knowledge, attitudes, and practice. Results: Respondent group showed increasement on their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors towards toothbrushing. In contrast, the control groups showed no significant differences in the 3 factors. Conclusion: In this study the education of toothbrushing through environmental changes is quite effective in elementary school children. Insights into the benefits of this program and refinements of optimally targeted intervention, including longitudinal studies are needed to improve the results.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2009

본 연구는 구강건강행위와 구강건강상태, 구강위생관리능력과의 상호관계를 분석하여, 치과위생관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 2007년 9월 5일부터 12월 1일까지 S대학 치위생과 구강위생실습실을 내원한 스켈링 실습환자를 대상으로 실시하였으며, SPSS WIN 12.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 1. 연령이 낮을수록 우식경험처치치아의 수(FT index)가 높은 것으로 조사되었으며, 구강위생용품 영역, 정기적인 치과방문 영역, 식이조절 영역에서는 연령이 증가할수록 구강건강행위가 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 2. 대상자의 구강건강행위 정도는 5점 만점에서 2.62로 대체적으로 낮은 수준으로 조사되었으며, 잇솔질 영역에서는 '위아래로 치아를 닦고 잇몸과 혀도 닦는다', 구강위생용품 영역에서는 '구강양치액(가그린)을 사용 한다', 정기적인 치과방문 영역에서는 '아픈 경우 미루지 않고 치과에 방문 한다', 식이조절 영역에서는 '우식성식품 보다 청정식품을 섭취 한다', 교육 및 관심 영역에서는 '흡연이 구강건강에 좋지 않음을 교육받는 적이 있다'가 가장 높게 조사되었다. 3. 구강건강행위가 높을수록 우식경험미처치치아(DT index)의 수가 낮아지는 것으로 조사되었으며, 구강건강행위가 높을수록 우식경험처치치아의 수는 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 치면세마 실습실에 내원한 환자의 구강위생관리능력 수준을 분석한 결과 '양호' 25%, '보통' 36.3, 불량 30.4, 매우불량 8.3%로 조사되어 대부분의 환자들의 구강위생관리 능력이 불량한 것으로 조사되었으며, 구강건강행위가 높을수록 구강위생관리능력 지수는 낮아지는 것으로 조사되었다. 4. 구강건강행위와 우식경험미처치치아(DT index) 간에 음(-)의 상호관련성이 있는 것으로 분석되어, 구강건강행위가 높을수록 우식경험미처치치아(DT index)의 수는 낮아지는 것으로 조사되었다(p < .01). 구강건강행위와 우식경험처치치아(FT index) 간에 양(+)의 상호관련성이 있는 것으로 분석되어, 구강건강행위가 높을수록 우식경험처치치아(FT index) 수는 높아지는 것으로 조사되었다(p<.01). 구강건강행위와 구강위생관리능력 지수(PHP index) 간에 음(-)의 상호관련성을 보이고 있어 구강건강행위가 높을수록 구강위생관리능력 지수(PHP index)는 낮아지는 것으로 조사되었다(p < .01).

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.8-20
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• 2005

The study purpose was to examine which factors including health perceptions & behaviors, psychosocial factors, dietary intakes were different by stages of change to reduce fast food consumption among university students. Survey data(n = 341) were analyzed using X$^2$ test or analysis of variance. With respect to stages of change, $17\%$ were in the precontemplation ; $21.4\%$ for contemplation, $19.7\%$ for preparation, 11.7% for action, and $30.2\%$ for the maintenance stage. Frequency of fast food consumption (p < 0.001), health status, interest toward health, and exercising behavior (p < 0.05) differed significantly by stages of change. Demographics and nutrient intakes, however, had no association with stages of change. Those in precontemplation through preparation stages felt more strongly on the advantages such as taste, satiety, cleanness of restaurants (p < 0.001), and diverse menus (p < 0.05). Compared to maintainers or actors, pre-contemplators agreed less to the disadvantages of eating fast foods, including sanitary problems (p < 0.001), overeating, indigestion, decreased vegetable intakes (p < 0.01) and loss of freshness (p < 0.05). Influence of significant others (e.g., friends, siblings, parents) significantly differed by stages of change. Compared with maintainers, those in preaction stages felt less control over facilitators or situations for fast food consumption. These included 'others like fast foods', 'providing standard meals', 'when I don't have foods for meals'(p < 0.001), availability, advertisement, 'socially popular', 'when I feel hungry'(p < 0.01), and 'when I don't like to prepare meals' (p < 0.05). These results suggested that nutrition education be planned considering one's stages of change for fast food consumption. For those in preaction stages, it is desirable to use motivational strategies to increase benefits and remove barriers of change, and help to develop skills to deal with situations or factors for fast food consumption. The support from friends or families is also needed to move to further stages.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2003

본 연구는 지난 20여년 동안 건강신념모형을 적용한 폐결핵 환자의 환자역할행태 관련 국내 연구문헌을 수집하여 연구 동향을 파악하고, 계량적 메타분석을 통하여 환자역할행태 향상을 위한 관련요인의 효과크기를 산출하여 제시하고자 하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 1980년대 이후 20여년간 폐결핵 환자의 건강 관련행태와 관련되어 수집된 66편의 연구논문 중 이 연구의 계량적 메타분석 단계에 최종 포함된 연구는 11편이었다. 이 연구들은 주로 1985년에서 1989년까지 국내 학술지에 각각 54.5%(6편)가 게재되었으며, 연구자(제1저자 포함)는 주로 간호학 전공자들(90.9%)이었다. 메타분석에 포함되는 전체 결핵환자수는 1,263명으로 보건소의 등록환자(81.8%)를 주 대상으로 연구가 진행되었다. 또한 연구설계로는 환자-대조군연구와 단면연구가 각각 6편(54.5%), 5편(45.4%)으로 t-검정, 분산분석, ${\chi}^2$-검정, 상관분석과 (다중) 회귀분석 등의 통계방법이 병용되었는데, 이중 t-검정방법이 빈번히 사용되었다. 둘째, 폐결핵 환자의 일반적 특성 중에서는 유일하게 결핵에 대한 지식 요인만이 환자역할행태에 중등도의 큰 효과를 미치고 있었다(d=0.7870). 그리고 약간의 중등도 효과를 보인 요인들로는 성(d=0.2756), 결혼상태(d=0.2176)와 교육(d=-0.2208) 특성도 들 수 있다. 셋째, 건강신념(믿음)모형 관련 모든 요인들이 환자역할행태에 각각 중등도의 효과를 미치고 있었다. 즉, 행위 수행에 따르는 이익을 높게 인지할수록(d=0.7257), 행위 수행에 따르는 장애요인이 적을수록(d=-0.4242), 질병에 걸릴 가능성을 높게 인지할수록(d=0.4033), 질병의 심각성을 높게 인지할수록(d=0.3133) 환자역할행태의 향상에 유효한 효과가 있었다. 이상의 결과에서 폐결핵 환자의 환자역할행태에는 환자 개인의 다른 특성보다는 결핵에 대한 지식 수준 및 건강신념(믿음)모형의 이익, 장애, 가능성과 심각성 등의 특성이 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 따라서 결핵정보감시체계의 운영을 통한 결핵환자의 추적관리가 용이한 만큼 건강증진의 차원에서 이들에 대한 적극적인 보건교육을 통한 결핵에 대한 지식 수준의 제고뿐만 아니라 건강신념모형에 따라 결핵치료에 대한 의료인의 설명과 지시 이행의 장점을 충분히 인지하도록 노력할 필요가 있겠다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2020

Purpose: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a leading cause of death with a prevalence rate of 12.4% in South Korea. Self-management is crucial for patients with DM, because many studies have reported that self-management intervention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) is effective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current state of HBM based intervention studies and the components and effects of the theories used in the study for diabetes patients. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using the Pubmed, Cochrane Library and Embase databases from January 2009 to May 2019. We reviewed characteristics of intervention based on the HBM in randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental study intervention. Results: Eight studies published in English between 2009 and 2019 were included in this review. The key components of the health behavior promotion program applied to the DM patients were perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and self-efficacy. The intervention based on these components has reported to significantly increase the health behavior change, likelihood of taking health action and improve physiological indicators (HbA1c, and fasting blood sugar etc.). Conclusion: This study highlighted the importance of intervention programs based on the HBM for DM patients.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.62-72
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• 1995

We studied the effects of behavior modification and aerobic exercise on body weight, degree of obesity, % body fat, triceps skinfold thickness, blood pressure and eating behavior among overweight middle school girls. 15 girls participated in the behavior modification program by joining 60-90 minute group session weekly. The aerobic exercise program was given to 13 girls 3 times per week with 60 minutes each time. The data were obtained before treatment, after 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. In analyzing the data, repeated measures ANOVA were adopted. The results were as follows ; 1. For the changes of body weight between 2 groups, body weight of behavior modification groups decreased significantly than these of aerobic exercise group at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment, 2. For the changes of degree of obesity between 2 groups, there were no significant differences over time, 3. The analysis of change of % body fat did not reveal significant differences between 2 groups over time, 4. The changes of triceps skinfold thickness were significant differences between 2 groups over time, 5. For the changes of systolic blood pressure between 2 groups, there were significant differences over time. At 4 weeks after treatment, systolic blood pressure of behavior modification group decreased significantly than these of aerobic exercise group. 6. The changes of diastolic blood pressure were significant differences between 2 groups over time.