Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2012.6.2.169

The effects of food safety education on adolescents' hand hygiene behavior: an analysis of stages of change  

Kim, Eun-Joo (Graduate school of Education, Yonsei University)
Pai, Andrew J. (Cheongshim International Academy)
Kang, Nam-E (Department of Food Science, Eulji University)
Kim, Woo-Kyoung (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University)
Kim, Young-Soon (Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Korea University)
Moon, Hyun-Kyung (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University)
Ha, Ae-Wha (Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University)
Publication Information
Nutrition Research and Practice / v.6, no.2, 2012 , pp. 169-174 More about this Journal
Abstract
The hand hygiene behavior of 400 middle school students (grades 1-3) in Seoul and Gyeonggi-Do was studied to determine how stages of change were affected by food safety education, focusing on hand hygiene and general food safety. Subjects were 51.3% male and 44.3% of study subjects were first graders of middle school. Approximately 40% of subjects were at the stage of action, 42.7% were at the stage of contemplation, and 16.4% were at pre-contemplation. The most important factor that influenced proper hand washing was self efficacy ($P$ < 0.001). Proper hand washing was also correlated significantly with positive belief ($P$ < 0.01) and stages of change ($P$ < 0.01). After food safety education by high-school mentors, middle-school students who were in the stages of pre-contemplation (11.1%) and contemplation (88.9%) showed significant progression toward the action stage ($P$ < 0.001). Proper hand washing ($P$ < 0.01) and food safety knowledge ($P$ < 0.05) were also significantly increased after educational intervention.
Keywords
Hand-washing; middle school students; behavior; self-efficacy; stages of change;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)  (Related Records In Web of Science)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Guinan M, McGuckin M, Ali Y. The effect of a comprehensive handwashing program on absenteeism in elementary schools. Am J Infect Control 2002;30:217-20.   DOI
2 Niffenegger JP. Proper handwashing promotes wellness in child care. J Pediatr Health Care 1997;11:26-31.   DOI
3 Bowen A, Ma H, Ou J, Billhimer W, Long T, Mintz E, Hoekstra RM, Luby S. A cluster-randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of a handwashing-promotion program in Chinese primary schools. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007;76:1166-73.
4 Kimel LS. Handwashing education can decrease illness absenteeism. J Sch Nurs 1996;12:14-6,18.   DOI
5 Turner G, Shepherd J. A method in search of a theory: peer education and health promotion. Health Educ Res 1999;14:235-47.   DOI
6 Ward J, Hunter G, Power R. Peer education as a means of drug prevention and education among young people : an evaluation. Health Educ J 1997;56:251-63.   DOI
7 Gursoy AA, Yigitbas C, Yilmaz F, Erdol H, Bulut HK, Mumcu HK, Calik KY, Kahriman I, Hintistan S, Nural N. The effects of peer education on university students' knowledge of breast self-examination and health beliefs. J Cancer Educ 2009;24:331-3.   DOI
8 DuBois DL, Holloway BE, Valentine JC, Cooper H. Effectiveness of mentoring programs for youth: a meta-analytic review. Am J Community Psychol 2002;30:157-97.   DOI
9 DuBois, DL, Neville HA. Youth mentoring: Investigation of relationship characteristics and perceived benefits. J Community Psychol 1997;19:291-332.
10 Karcher MJ, Davis C, Powell B. Developmental mentoring in the schools: Testing connectedness as a mediating variable in the promotion of academic achievement. Sch Community J 2002;12:36-52.
11 Karcher MJ. The effects of developmental mentoring and high school mentors' attendance on their younger mentees' self-esteem, social skills, and connectedness. Psychol Sch 2005;42:65-77.   DOI
12 Wolf RL, Lepore SJ, Vandergrift JL, Wetmore-Arkader L, McGinty E, Pietrzak G, Yaroch AL. Knowledge, barriers, and stage of change as correlates of fruit and vegetable consumption among urban and mostly immigrant black men. J Am Diet Assoc 2008;108:1315-22.   DOI
13 Suh Y, Chung Y. Comparison of mineral and vitamin intakes according to the stage of change in fruit and vegetable intake for elementary school students in Chungnam province. Korean J Nutr 2008;41:658-66.
14 Byrd-Bredbenner C, Maurer J, Wheatley V, Schaffner D, Bruhn C, Blalock L. Food safety self-reported behaviors and cognitions of young adults: results of a national study. J Food Prot 2007;70:1917-26.   DOI
15 Kang NE, Kim JH, Kim YS, Ha AW. Food safety knowledge and practice by the stages of change model in school children. Nutr Res Pract 2010;4:535-40.   DOI
16 Rosen L, Zucker D, Brody D, Engelhard D, Manor O. The effect of a handwashing intervention on preschool educator beliefs, attitudes, knowledge and self-efficacy. Health Educ Res 2009;24:686-98.   DOI
17 van de Mortel T. Development of a questionnaire to assess health care students' hand hygiene knowledge, beliefs and practices. Aust J Adv Nurs 2009;26:9-16.
18 National Statistical Office. Annual Report of Food Bone-Diseases. 2010. Seoul; Korea.
19 Nobile CG, Montuori P, Diaco E, Villari P. Healthcare personnel and hand decontamination in intensive care units: knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour in Italy. J Hosp Infect 2002;51:226-32.   DOI
20 Trunnell EP, White GL Jr. Using behavior change theories to enhance hand hygiene behavior. Educ Health (Abingdon) 2005;18:80-4.   DOI
21 Zimakoff J, Kjelsberg AB, Larsen SO, Holstein B. A multicenter questionnaire investigation of attitudes toward hand hygiene, assessed by the staff in fifteen hospitals in Denmark and Norway. Am J Infect Control 1992;20:58-64.   DOI
22 Alvaran MS, Butz A, Larson E. Opinions, knowledge, and self-reported practices related to infection control among nursing personnel in long-term care settings. Am J Infect Control 1994;22:367-70.   DOI
23 Cabana MD, Rand CS, Powe NR, Wu AW, Wilson MH, Abboud PA, Rubin HR. Why don't physicians follow clinical practice guidelines? A framework for improvement. JAMA 1999;282:1458-65.   DOI
24 Naikoba S, Hayward A. The effectiveness of interventions aimed at increasing handwashing in healthcare workers - a systematic review. J Hosp Infect 2001;47:173-80.   DOI
25 Henry H, Reimer K, Smith C, Reicks M. Associations of decisional balance, processes of change, and self-efficacy with stages of change for increased fruit and vegetable intake among low-income, African-American mothers. J Am Diet Assoc 2006;106:841-9.   DOI
26 Ladegaard MB, Stage V. Hand-hygiene and sickness among small children attending day care centers. An intervention study. Ugeskr Laeger 1999;161:4396-400.
27 Black RE, Dykes AC, Anderson KE, Wells JG, Sinclair SP, Gary GW Jr, Hatch MH, Gangarosa EJ. Handwashing to prevent diarrhea in day-care centers. Am J Epidemiol 1981;113:445-51.   DOI
28 Master D, Hess Longe SH, Dickson H. Scheduled hand washing in an elementary school population. Fam Med 1997;29:336-9.
29 Roberts L, Smith W, Jorm L, Patel M, Douglas RM, McGilchrist C. Effect of infection control measures on the frequency of upper respiratory infection in child care: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics 2000;105:738-42.   DOI
30 Niffenegger JP. Proper handwashing promotes wellness in child care. J Pediatr Health Care 1997;11:26-31.   DOI
31 Ryan MA, Christian RS, Wohlrabe J. Handwashing and respiratory illness among young adults in military training. Am J Prev Med 2001;21:79-83.   DOI
32 Curtis V, Cairncross S. Effect of washing hands with soap on diarrhoea risk in the community: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis 2003;3:275-81.   DOI
33 Luby SP, Agboatwalla M, Painter J, Altaf A, Billhimer WL, Hoekstra RM. Effect of intensive handwashing promotion on childhood diarrhea in high-risk communities in Pakistan: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;291:2547-54.   DOI
34 Contento IR. Nutrition education: linking research, theory, and practice. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2008;17 Suppl 1:176-9.
35 Janz NK, Champion VL, Strecher VJ. The health belief model. In: Glanz K, Lewis FM, Rimer BK, editors. Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice. 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2002. p.45-66.
36 Prochaska JO, Redding CA, Evers KE. The transtheoretical model and stages of change. In: Glanz K, Lewis FM, Rimer BK, editors. Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice. 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2002. p.99-120.
37 Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC. Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: toward an integrative model of change. J Consult Clin Psychol 1983;51:390-5.   DOI
38 Steptoe A, Perkins-Porras L, Rink E, Hilton S, Cappuccio FP. Psychological and social predictors of changes in fruit and vegetable consumption over 12 months following behavioral and nutrition education counseling. Health Psychol 2004;23:574-81.   DOI
39 Greene GW, Fey-Yensan N, Padula C, Rossi S, Rossi JS, Clark PG. Differences in psychosocial variables by stage of change for fruits and vegetables in older adults. J Am Diet Assoc 2004;104:1236-43.   DOI
40 Foerster SB, Kizer KW, Disogra LK, Bal DG, Krieg BF, Bunch KL. California's "5 a day--for better health!" campaign: an innovative population-based effort to effect large-scale dietary change. Am J Prev Med 1995;11:124-31.   DOI